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UNIT 10
1
GETTING READY
Task I
Listen to the audio. Mark the environmental issues that each of these
countries is facing.
Endangered
Species
Global
Warming
India
Brazil
Australia
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Pollution
Deforestation
GETTING READY
Task II
Listen again. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words
provided.
bleach
deteriorate
climate change
submersion
emission
susceptible
endangered
agriculture
LUDHIANA FACTORY OWNERS
You’re invited to a Q & A session with World Health Organization
Representative Arnold Baker.
Thursday, November 15 at 7:00 p.m.
WHO has claimed our companies are responsible for significant
emissions into the atmosphere. These pollutants contribute to
1. __________
climate change which can have serious consequences, such as flooding
2. ____________,
submersion Obviously, we mean no harm to our neighbors,
and island 3. __________.
and we provide employment opportunities for many. Let’s meet to question
this report.
Ludhiana Factory Owners Association (LFOA)
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GETTING READY
Task II
Listen again. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words
provided.
bleach
deteriorate
climate change
submersion
emission
susceptible
endangered
agriculture
World Wildlife Fund
Memorandum
deteriorating 40
Introduction: As the Amazon rainforest is quickly 4. ____________,
percent of the rainforest could disappear by 2030. The other problem that
agriculture sector.
must be eliminated is climate change damage to the 5. __________
Farmers are choosing to grow fruit that is less 6. __________
susceptible to the
warmer temperatures. We should send a team to teach alternative farming
practices that lower consumption as soon as possible.
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GETTING READY
Task II
Listen again. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words
provided.
bleach
deteriorate
climate change
submersion
emission
susceptible
endangered
agriculture
Dear Friends and Family,
Climate change in Australia has caused forest fires to worsen and many
endangered
species to become 7. _____________.
Warmer ocean temperatures are
8. __________
bleaching the immense coral of the Great Barrier Reef. If you care
about Australia, pass this message on. Let’s give our animal friends a
chance to survive and keep the Great Barrier Reef around for future
generations.
Kylie
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GETTING READY
Audio Transcripts:
India
Residents of Ludhiana, it has been my privilege to examine your health on
behalf of the World Health Organization. The manufacturers here make this one
of India’s most prosperous cities. However, due to emissions from these facilities,
Ludhiana is now the world’s fourth most polluted city. My studies show that
pollution is a leading factor of climate change. The effects can vary from the
submersion of islands to the melting of glaciers in the Himalayas. Clearly, your
factories have negative effects on the environment.
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GETTING READY
Audio Transcripts:
Brazil
I’ve been studying the resource situation in Brazil. Since 1970, over 230,000
square miles of the Amazon rainforest have been destroyed. This rate of
consumption is not sustainable. If the situation continues to deteriorate, the
rainforest could be reduced by as much as 40 percent by 2030. I also evaluated
the effect of climate change on Brazil’s agriculture. Apples are susceptible to
the rising temperatures. In the southeast, areas appropriate for growing Arabica
coffee will decrease. The time to change farming practices is now.
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GETTING READY
Audio Transcripts:
Australia
Australia is experiencing serious climate change. This problem has caused
recent forest fires to be fiercer than ever before. I used to frequent the Great
Barrier Reef, but it isn’t as beautiful anymore. Warmer ocean temperatures are
bleaching the once colorful coral. Animals are at risk too. Scientists have
identified over 100 endangered animal species, including the Australian sea lion
and the smoky mouse. Join me in spreading the facts.
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CONVERSATION CORNER
Open with default media player
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CONVERSATION CORNER
Open with default media player
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KEY WORDS
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KEY WORDS
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REVIEW
A. Complete the Sentences
Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the conversation. Use
the hints to help you. There may be more than one possible answer.
around in his house for hours, Alan was unable to find
1. Even after rooting
___________
his backpack. (search)
2. Educators agree that an exceptional teacher is one who can help a
unleash
student ___________
his or her full potential. (let out)
initiated a campaign to raise funds for
3. Environmentalists have ___________
preserving the Amazon rainforest. (start)
notions
4. Although his grandmother had traditional ___________
about weddings,
she agreed to attend his beach ceremony. (concept)
converted / transformed
5. The factory was ___________ into an apartment building after being sold
to an architect. (change)
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REVIEW
B. True, False, or Unknown
Select if the statements are true, false, or unknown.
1. T 
□ F□ U□
Tim believes his school may have discarded
items that could be reused in creative ways.
2. T □ F 
□ U□
Old Navy stores donated flip-flops to
organizations that maintain playgrounds.
3. T □ F □ U □

Old Navy and TerraCycle have cooperated on
numerous environmental projects.
4. T 
□ F□ U□
TerraCycle makes money by recycling items that
are normally thought to be unrecyclable.
5. T □ F 
□ U□
Gum is made from rubber and can be
transformed into plastic.
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
Listen to the audio and fix the errors in bold.
Missing!
confidential client
Carrie can’t find a file containing 1.
meeting notes. She
data.
has looked in many places but has had no luck so far. The
in her
desk.
first place she looked was 2. the
break
room. She has also
a dozen
looked
high
rooted around in her briefcase 3.
once. She has
4. glanced
times.
and low
in the meeting room, but it wasn’t there. She believes that the
document 5.
might be in the marketing department or
is not
hardly ever /
accounting department because she 6. frequently goes
seldom
to those areas of the office. If you have seen her missing item,
please contact her immediately at extension 457.
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
Audio Transcripts:
Carrie: I lost a document containing confidential client data. I’ve searched the office
thoroughly, but I can’t find it anywhere.
Dennis: Calm down, Carrie. Did you go through your briefcase with a fine-tooth comb? Your
bag is so huge that I’m sure it’s easy to lose things in there.
Carrie: Trust me, I’ve rifled through it a dozen times.
Dennis: OK. What about your desk?
Carrie: I turned it inside out before I started inspecting anywhere else.
Dennis: How about the conference room?
Carrie: I looked high and low throughout the room, but it’s not there either.
Dennis: Did you look in the accounting and marketing departments?
Carrie: No. I haven’t visited those departments recently, so I doubt it would be in either of
those areas.
Dennis: If it’s not in the office, maybe you misplaced it elsewhere. Where did you last see it?
Carrie: I had the document with me when I presided over the meeting last night.
Dennis: Did you root around in your car yet? My recommendation is to look there.
Carrie: That’s an outstanding idea, Dennis. I’ll go check now.
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
Frank and Judy want to open a franchise. Help them finish the list with
words or expressions from the audio. There may be more than one
possible answer.
Business
Ideas cash cow / gold mine / golden goose / license to print money
Coffee Shop
Ever since the advent of coffee shop chains, these shops
have been a(n) 1. ___________. However, a new shop
wouldn’t be 2. __________ if it is located too close to
profitable / easy money
another one.
Discount Supermarket
Supermarkets are almost guaranteed to be a(n)
3. _____________ because everyone needs groceries.
cash cow / gold mine / golden goose / license to print money
Organic Restaurant
As there are more vegetarians these days, such
cash cows / gold mines / easy money
restaurants are often 4. ____________.
Not everyone is into healthy food, though. We might not
easy money with this type of
be able to make 5. _____________
restaurant.
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
Audio Transcripts:
Frank: Did you hear that Theatrical Release Movie Rentals has gone out of business?
Judy: I’m not surprised. It was just a matter of time before companies that rent DVDs
would no longer have a license to print money.
Frank: That’s true. I thought that the movie industry was easy money. It looks like
times are changing.
Judy: Nowadays, it seems like the only cash cows are coffee shops and discount
supermarkets.
Frank: Tell me about it. Another café is going to open on this street. How are they all
such gold mines when there is already an excessive number of them?
Judy: I have no idea. Maybe we should have our own place. It’d be more economical
than opening a grocery store.
Frank: Or even better, we could start an organic restaurant. The one near my gym is
always crowded with diners. I wouldn’t mind getting my hands on that golden
goose.
Judy: Those kinds of businesses do make lots of money. Of course, we’d need a
superb chef to make it profitable.
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
A. Complete the Sentences
Fill in the blanks using participial phrases.
1. The man always wears a gray jacket. He lives upstairs from me.
always wearing a gray jacket
→ The man ______________________________
lives upstairs from me.
2. Megan hurried over to assist the victims. She had witnessed the accident only
seconds before.
Having witnessed the accident only seconds before Megan hurried over to
→ __________________________________________,
assist the victims.
3. The house was built upon a cliff. The cliff was surrounded by the ocean.
surrounded by the ocean
→ The house was built upon a cliff _____________________________.
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
A. Complete the Sentences
Fill in the blanks using participial phrases.
4. The salesperson stared at Josh. She also tapped her finger impatiently.
tapping her finger impatiently
→ The salesperson, _____________________________,
stared at Josh.
5. Arkansas is known as the Natural State. It’s considered one of the most
scenic states in America.
→ _____________________________,
Arkansas is considered one of the most
Known as the Natural State
scenic states in America.
6. This film is a tragic story about a woman. The woman mistreats her children.
mistreating her children
→ This film is a tragic story about a woman ____________________________.
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
B. Complete the Passage
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate participles.
Fashion Goes Green
These days, there are many ways to go green. We can buy organic foods
1. ___________
(grow) without the use of harmful chemicals, and we can use
grown
renewable energy such as solar and wind power. However, a new fashion trend
recycled (recycle)
is helping save the planet as well. Did you know that 2. ___________
coffee beans could be used to make apparel that warms you up? A California
company has done just that by coming up with a new fabric 3. ___________
(call)
called
coffee charcoal. They claim their garments, 4. ___________
(mean) to be worn
meant
as an underlayer, can raise the surface temperature of skin by up to ten degrees
Fahrenheit. The fabric also pulls moisture away from your body and then quickly
keeping (keep) you nice and comfortable.
dries, 5. ___________
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READING
PRE-READING TASK
Look at the title of the article. Select what you think overfishing refers
to. There are multiple correct answers.
a. Fish are caught before they are fully grown.
b. Eating fish that are too high in protein can have serious effects.
c. So many adult fish are harvested that there are not enough left
to reproduce.
d. When fishing is done irresponsibly, it endangers wildlife.
e. Fishing provides a great food source for developing countries.
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READING
Today, the biggest threat to marine life is overfishing.
Scientists predict that unsustainable fishing practices will
cause the world’s seafood supply to run out by 2048. Only
through deliberate measures can this disaster be avoided.
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READING
Over three quarters of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, yet
many underwater species are becoming increasingly rare. The Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that
more than 70 percent of the world’s fish stocks have reached
dangerously low numbers or are already depleted. This is due to a
phenomenon called biological overfishing, which comes in three
forms: growth, recruit, and ecosystem.
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READING
Growth overfishing occurs when fish are harvested before becoming mature.
Because of the smaller size of the young fish, fishermen have to catch more
to achieve their goal weight. Moreover, when too many adult fish are caught,
the reproduction of the species is likewise threatened; this is referred to as
recruit overfishing. The third kind is perhaps the worst: ecosystem
overfishing. In extreme cases, fishing changes a region’s entire wildlife
distribution. For example, poisonous jellyfish have experienced a recent
population explosion in some oceans because they no longer face
competition from predators.
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READING
Overfishing has severe consequences for humans too. In Africa,
the decline of fish known for eating disease-causing insects has
been linked to an increased incidence of illness. There are also
economical disadvantages, like those seen in Newfoundland,
Canada. Cod fishing was the main trade in this province, but in
1992, fleets went to sea and returned empty-handed. The cod had
vanished. Decades of overfishing resulted in their disappearance,
and 40,000 people lost their source of income. Today, many
communities are still struggling to recover.
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READING
If the industry acts now, the world’s sea life can be saved. First,
every fishery must limit the total number of fish caught, giving
adults time to breed. Second, certain areas need to be protected,
such as delicate sea floor habitats and coral reefs. Governments
should work together to make dangerous fishing practices illegal.
Consumers can make a difference too with just a little extra effort.
Buy fish only from providers who practice sustainable fishing
methods and never eat endangered species.
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READING
Oceans and lakes are filled with fascinating life forms that have
existed for millions of years. Let’s not allow our appetites to
destroy them.
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READING
‧ Discussion ‧
Before the discovery of petroleum, whale blubber was the main
source of oil. Thus, during the 18th and 19th centuries, the practice of
hunting whales was popular, wiping out many species and
endangering others. Today, there are still crews who hunt whales.
What is your opinion of this issue? How do you think it affects sea life?
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KEY WORDS
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KEY WORDS
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REVIEW
A. Understand from the Context
Rewrite the parts in bold with words from the article.
1. Consumers want to know where their food
comes from to ensure that its continued
production is not damaging the environment.
sustainable
2. Global warming has caused the natural
homes of many species to vanish.
habitats
3. The police discovered that the bombing was
planned rather than accidental.
deliberate
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REVIEW
A. Understand from the Context
Rewrite the parts in bold with words from the article.
4. Although bulldog breeding can occur naturally,
most females cannot give birth without a vet’s
help.
reproduction
5. The study revealed a high rate of birth defects
in children whose parents smoked.
incidence
6. The area of the sea near the east coast is
famous for its diverse underwater life.
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marine
REVIEW
B. Comprehension Check
Answer the questions.
1. What do all types of overfishing
have in common?
They can cause the extinction of a species
of fish.
2. What has been the result of
overfishing in Africa?
Reports of illnesses started to increase in
many places.
3. Why did fishing fleets in
Newfoundland, Canada, come
back empty-handed in 1992?
The fish population in the area had been
totally depleted.
4. According to the writer, how can
we help to eliminate overfishing?
We should refrain from eating endangered
species and buying fish from fishers who
practice unsustainable methods.
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WRITING SKILLS
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WRITING SKILLS
Task I
Circle the topic and cross out the subcategory that does not belong.
1.
2.
3.
wind / solar / renewable energy / tidal / chemical
Siberian tiger / giant panda / blue whale / crocodile / endangered species
household dust / pollutants / hazardous waste / oil spills / factory emissions
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WRITING SKILLS
Parallel Sentence Structure
When listing ideas, use the same word pattern to place equal emphasis on each
item.
Correct: Recycling can take many forms: burying food scraps, finding new uses
for old items, and reducing resource consumption.
Incorrect: Recycling can take many forms: burying food scraps, new uses for old
items, and resource consumption reduction.
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WRITING SKILLS
Task II
Improve the following topic sentences by fixing the parts in bold.
1. Many people waste water without realizing it by letting water run
needlessly, flushing the toilet too often, and leaky faucets.
Many people waste water without realizing it by letting water run
needlessly, flushing the toilet too often, and failing to fix leaky
_____________________________________________________
faucets.
2. Soil
erosion has several causes: strong winds, raining hard, and
a lack of vegetation.
_____________________________________________________
3. Environmental
science
degrees
feature
biology
they
also
Soil erosion has
several
causes:
strong
winds, class;
intense
rainfall,
and a lack
of vegetation.
require
chemistry
and geology.
_____________________________________________________
Environmental science degrees feature various science
classes: biology, chemistry, and geology.
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The
End
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