Download Curriculum Matrix for Mathematics

Michigan
Curriculum Matrix for Mathematics
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 3
NUMBER & OPERATIONS
Understand and use number notation and place
value
N.ME.03.01 Read and write numbers to 10,000 in
both numerals and words, and relate them to the
quantities they represent, e.g., relate numeral or
written word to a display of dots or objects.
N.ME.03.02 Recognize and use expanded notation
for numbers using place value to 10,000s place,
e.g., 2,517 is 2 thousands, 5 hundreds, 1 ten, and 7
ones; 4 hundreds and 2 ones is 402. Identify the
place value of a digit in a number, e.g., in 3,241, 2
is in the hundreds place.
N.ME.03.03 Compare and order numbers up to
10,000.
Count in steps, and understand even and odd
numbers
N.ME.03.04 Count orally by 6’s, 7’s, 8’s and 9’s
starting with 0, making the connection between
repeated addition and multiplication.
m19
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
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Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
m19
m19
m1
m19
N.ME.03.05 Know that even numbers end in 0, 2, 4,
6,or 8; name a whole number quantity that can be
shared in two equal groups or grouped into pairs
with no remainders; recognize even numbers as
multiples of 2. Know that odd numbers end in 1, 3,
5, 7, or 9, and work with patterns involving even
and odd numbers.
Add and subtract whole numbers
N.FL.03.06 Add and subtract fluently two numbers:
up to and including two-digit numbers with
regrouping and up to four-digit numbers without
regrouping.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
m19
m1
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 1
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 3
N.FL.03.07 Estimate the sum and difference of two
numbers with three digits (sums up to 1,000), and
judge reasonableness of estimates.
m1
m19
N.FL.03.08 Use mental strategies to fluently add
and subtract two-digit numbers.
m1
m19
Multiply and divide whole numbers
N.MR.03.09 Use multiplication and division fact
families to understand the inverse relationship of
these two operations, e.g., because 3 x 8 = 24, we
know that 24 ÷ 8 = 3 or 24 ÷ 3 = 8. Express a
multiplication statement as an equivalent division
statement.
N.MR.03.10 Recognize situations that can be
solved using multiplication and division including
finding “How many groups?” and “How many in a
group?” and write mathematical statements for
those situations.
N.FL.03.11 Find products fluently up to 10 x 10;
find related quotients using multiplication and
division relationships.
N.MR.03.12 Find solutions to open sentences such
as 7 x = 42 or 12 ÷  = 4, using the inverse
relationship between multiplication and division.
N.FL.03.13 Mentally calculate simple products and
quotients up to a three-digit number by a one-digit
number involving multiples of 10, e.g., 500 x 6, or
N.MR.03.14 Solve simple division problems
involving remainders, viewing remainder as the
“number left over” (less than the divisor), e.g., 4
children per group; we have 25 children; there are 6
groups with 1 child left over; interpret based on
problem context.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
m19
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
m1
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
m1
m1
m1
m1
m1
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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Math – Page 2
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 3
Problem-solving with whole numbers
N.MR.03.15 Given problems that use any one of the
four operations with appropriate numbers, represent
with objects, words (including “product” and
“quotient”), and mathematical statements; solve.
Understand simple fractions, relation to the
whole, and addition and subtraction of fractions
N.ME.03.16 Understand that fractions may
represent a portion of a whole unit that has been
partitioned into parts of equal area or length; use the
terms “numerator” and “denominator.”
N.ME.03.17 Recognize, name and use equivalent
fractions with denominators 2, 4, and 8, using strips
as area models.
m1
m19
m1
m19
N.ME.03.18 Place fractions with denominators of 2,
4, and 8 on the number line; relate the number line
to a ruler; compare and order up to three fractions
with denominators 2, 4, and 8.
N.ME.03.19 Understand that any fraction can be
written as a sum of unit fractions, e.g., 3/4 = 1/4 +
1/4 + 1/4.
m19
m1
m19
N.MR.03.20 Recognize that addition and
subtraction of fractions with equal denominators
can be modeled by joining and taking away
segments on the number line.
Understand simple decimal fractions in relation
to money
N.ME.03.21 Understand the meaning of $0.50 and
$0.25 related to money, e.g., $1.00 shared by two
people means $1.00 ÷ 2 = 1/2 dollar = $0.50.
m1
m19
m1
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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Math – Page 3
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 3
MEASUREMENT
Measure and use units for length, weight,
temperature and time
M.UN.03.01 Know and use common units of
measurements in length, weight and time.
m33
s23
M.UN.03.02 Measure in mixed units within the
same measurement system for length, weight and
time: feet and inches, meters and centimeters,
kilograms and grams, pounds and ounces, liters and
milliliters, hours and minutes, minutes and seconds,
years and months.
m33
s23
M.UN.03.03 Understand relationships between
sizes of standard units, e.g., feet and inches, meters
and centimeters.
m33
M.UN.03.04 Know benchmark temperatures such
as freezing (32ºF, 0ºC); boiling, (212ºF, 100ºC); and
compare temperatures to these, e.g., cooler, warmer.
m33
s23
s31
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Know the concepts of temperature and absolute
temperature. Know the temperature scales (Fahrenheit,
Celsius, and Kelvin) and their relationships.
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Math – Page 4
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 3
Understand meaning of area and perimeter and
apply in problems
M.UN.03.05 Know the definition of area and
perimeter and calculate the perimeter of a square
and rectangle given whole number side lengths.
M.UN.03.06 Use square units in calculating area by
covering the region and counting the number of
square units.
M.UN.03.07 Distinguish between units of length
and area and choose a unit appropriate in the
context.
m13
m33
m33
s23
M.UN.03.08 Visualize and describe the relative
sizes of one square inch and one square centimeter.
m33
s23
Estimate perimeter and area
M.TE.03.09 Estimate the perimeter of a square and
rectangle in inches and centimeters; estimate the
area of a square and rectangle and square inches and
square centimeters.
m33
s23
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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Math – Page 5
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 3
Solve measurement problems
M.PS.03.10 Add and subtract lengths, weights and
times using mixed units within the same
measurement system.
m33
M.PS.03.11 Add and subtract money in dollars and
cents.
m1
m33
M.PS.03.12 Solve applied problems involving
money, length and time.
m33
s23
M.PS.03.13 Solve contextual problems about
perimeters of rectangles and areas of rectangular
regions.
m13
m33
GEOMETRY
Recognize the basic elements of geometric objects
G.GS.03.01 Identify points, line segments, lines and
distance.
m6
m9
G.GS.03.02 Identify perpendicular lines and
parallel lines in familiar shapes and in the
classroom.
m2
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Understand the characteristics and applications of the
undefined terms of geometry (i.e., point, line, and plane).
Know how to compute the distance between two points
(i.e., length of a line segment) on a coordinate plane.
Understand the characteristics of parallel, perpendicular,
and intersecting lines.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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Math – Page 6
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 3
G.GS.03.03 Identify parallel faces of rectangular
prisms, in familiar shapes and in the classroom.
m2
m29
Name and explore properties of shapes
G.GS.03.04 Identify, describe, compare and classify
two-dimensional shapes, e.g., parallelogram,
trapezoid, circle, rectangle, square and rhombus,
based on their component parts (angles, sides,
vertices, line segment) and the number of sides and
vertices.
G.SR.03.05 Compose and decompose triangles and
rectangles to form other familiar two-dimensional
shapes, e.g., form a rectangle using two congruent
right triangles, or decompose a parallelogram into a
rectangle and two right triangles.
m10
m27
m14
m27
m49
Explore and name three-dimensional solids
G.GS.03.06 Identify, describe, build and classify
familiar three-dimensional solids, e.g., cube,
rectangular prism, sphere, pyramid, cone, based on
their component parts (faces, surfaces, bases, edges,
vertices).
G.SR.03.07 Represent front, top, and side views of
solids built with cubes.
DATA & PROBABILITY
Use bar graphs
D.RE.03.01 Read and interpret bar graphs in both
horizontal and vertical forms.
D.RE.03.02 Read scales on the axes and identify the
maximum, minimum, and range of values in a bar
graph.
D.RE.03.03 Solve problems using information in
bar graphs including comparison of bar graphs.
m29
m29
m5
m5
m5
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand the characteristics of parallel, perpendicular,
and intersecting lines.
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
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Understand the properties of circles (e.g., radius, arc,
diameter, chord, secant, tangent, etc.).
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Understand the angle relationships in triangles (i.e., acute,
obtuse, right, interior, and exterior).
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 7
Michigan
Curriculum Matrix for Mathematics
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 4
NUMBER & OPERATION
Understand and use number notation and place
value
N.ME.04.01 Read and write numbers to 1,000,000;
relate them to the quantities they represent; compare
and order.
N.ME.04.02 Compose and decompose numbers
using place value to 1,000,000’s, e.g., 25,068 is 2
ten thousands, 5 thousands, 0 hundreds, 6 tens, and
8 ones.
N.ME.04.03 Understand the magnitude of numbers
up to 1,000,000; recognize the place values of
numbers, and the relationship of each place value to
the place to its right, e.g., 1,000 is 10 hundreds.
Use factors and multiples
N.ME.04.04 Find all factors of a whole number up
to 50, and list factor pairs.
N.ME.04.05 List the first ten multiples of a given
one-digit whole number; determine if a whole
number is a multiple of a given one-digit whole
number and if a one-digit number is a factor of a
given whole number.
N.MR.04.06 Know that some numbers including 2,
3, 5, 7, and 11 have exactly two factors (1 and the
number itself) and are called prime numbers.
m19
m19
m19
m22
m19
m22
m19
m22
N.MR.04.07 Solve problems about factors and
multiples, e.g., since 100 = 4 x 25, and 200 = 2 x
100, then 200 = 2 x 4 x 25 = 8 x 25.
m22
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand factoring a composite number into its prime
factors, and how to find the largest monomial factor of a
polynomial to write the polynomial as the product of the
monomial and a polynomial.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand factoring a composite number into its prime
factors, and how to find the largest monomial factor of a
polynomial to write the polynomial as the product of the
monomial and a polynomial.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand factoring a composite number into its prime
factors, and how to find the largest monomial factor of a
polynomial to write the polynomial as the product of the
monomial and a polynomial.
Understand factoring a composite number into its prime
factors, and how to find the largest monomial factor of a
polynomial to write the polynomial as the product of the
monomial and a polynomial.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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Math – Page 8
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 4
Add and subtract whole numbers
N.FL.04.08 Add and subtract whole numbers
fluently.
Multiply and divide whole numbers
N.ME.04.09 Multiply two-digit numbers by 2, 3, 4,
and 5, using the distributive property, e.g., 21 x 3 =
(1 + 20) x 3 = (1 x 3) + (20 x 3) = 3 + 60 = 63
N.FL.04.10 Multiply fluently any whole number by
a one-digit number, and a three-digit number by a
two-digit number; for a two-digit by one-digit
multiplication, use distributive property to develop
meaning for the algorithm.
N.FL.04.11 Divide numbers up to four digits by
one-digit numbers and by 10.
N.FL.04.12 Find unknowns in equations such as a ÷
10 = 25; 125 ÷ b = 25.
N.MR.04.13 Use the relationship between
multiplication and division to simplify computations
and check results, e.g., 6840 ÷ 20 = (6840 ÷ 10) ÷ 2
= 684 ÷ 2 = 342.
m1
m3
m1
m3
m1
m7
m1
m11
N.FL.04.14 Solve applied problems involving
whole number multiplication and division.
m1
m7
m8
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand basic algebraic properties (i.e., commutative:
ab = ba; associative: ab(c) = a(bc); and distributive:
a(b+c) = (ab)+(ac)).
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand basic algebraic properties (i.e., commutative:
ab = ba; associative: ab(c) = a(bc); and distributive:
a(b+c) = (ab)+(ac)).
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Use addition and multiplication to simplify an algebraic
expression by identifying the order of operations and
techniques necessary to carry out the operations (e.g., 53(x-2) = 5-3x+6 = 11-3x).
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Understand the correct order of operations for performing
algebraic computations.
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Math – Page 9
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 4
Read, interpret and compare decimal fractions
N.ME.04.15 Read and interpret decimals up to two
decimal places; relate to money and place value
decomposition.
N.ME.04.16 Know that terminating decimals
represents fractions whose denominators are 10, 10
x 10, 10 x 10 x 10, etc., e.g., powers of 10.
N.ME.04.17 Locate tenths and hundredths on a
number line.
N.ME.04.18 Read, write, interpret, and compare
decimals up to two decimal places.
N.MR.04.19 Write tenths and hundredths in decimal
and fraction forms, and know the decimal
equivalents for halves and fourths.
Understand fractions
N.ME.04.20 Understand fractions as parts of a set
of objects.
N.MR.04.21 Explain why equivalent fractions are
equal, using models such as fraction strips or the
number line, for fractions with denominators of 12
or less, or equal to 100.
N.MR.04.22 Locate and compare fractions on the
number line, including improper fractions and
mixed numbers with denominators of 12 or less.
N.MR.04.23 Understand the relationships among
halves, fourths and eighths and among thirds, sixths
and twelfths.
N.MR.04.24 Know that fractions of the form where
m/n, is greater than n, are greater than 1 and are
called improper fractions; locate improper fractions
on the number line; express as mixed numbers.
N.MR.04.25 Write improper fractions as mixed
numbers, and understand that a mixed number
represents the number of “wholes” and the part of a
whole remaining, e.g., 5/4 = 1 + 1/4= 1 1/4
N.MR.04.26 Compare and order up to three fractions
with denominators 2, 4, and 8, and 3, 6, and 12,
including improper fractions and mixed numbers.
m1
m19
m1
m19
m19
m19
m19
m19
m19
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
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H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
m19
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
H
H
H
m19
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
m19
m1
m19
m19
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 10
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 4
Add and subtract fractions
N.MR.04.27 Add and subtract fractions less than 1
with denominators 12 or less and including 100, in
cases where the denominators are equal or when one
denominator is a multiple of the other, e.g., 1/12 +
5/12= 6/12; 1/6 + 5/12 = 7/12; 3/10 - 23/100 = 7/100.
N.FL.04.28 Solve fraction problems involving sums
and differences for fractions where one denominator
is a multiple of the other (denominators 2 through
12, and 100).
N.MR.04.29 Solve for the unknown in equations
such as: 1/8+ x = 5/8 or 3/4 - y =1/2.
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
H
H
H
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
H
H
H
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
m1
m1
m1
m1
m1
m7
N.FL.04.32 Add and subtract decimals up to two
decimal places.
Multiply and divide decimal fractions
N.FL.04.33 Multiply and divide decimals up to two
decimal places by a one-digit whole number where
the result is a terminating decimal, e.g., 0.42 ÷ 3 =
0.14, but not 5 ÷ 3 = 1. 6
Estimate
N.FL.04.34 Estimate the answers to calculations
involving addition, subtraction, or multiplication.
MEAP
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
m7
Multiply fractions by whole numbers
N.MR.04.30 Multiply fractions by whole numbers,
using repeated addition and area or array models.
Add and subtract decimal fractions
N.MR.04.31 Use mathematical statements to
represent problems that use addition and subtraction
of decimals with up to two-digits; solve.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
m1
m1
m1
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 11
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 4
N.FL.04.35 Know when approximation is
appropriate and use it to check the reasonableness of
answers; be familiar with common place-value
errors in calculations.
N.FL.04.36 Make appropriate estimations and
calculations fluently with whole numbers using
mental math strategies.
m1
m19
m1
m19
Problem-solving
N.MR.04.37 Solve applied problems using the four
basic arithmetic operations for appropriate fractions,
decimals, and whole numbers.
m1
m7
m8
MEASUREMENT
Measure using common tools and appropriate
units
M.UN.04.01 Measure using common tools and
select appropriate units of measure.
m33
s23
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
H
H
H
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Understand the correct order of operations for performing
algebraic computations.
H
H
H
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
H
H
H
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 12
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 4
M.PS.04.02 Give answers to a reasonable degree of
precision in the context of a given problem.
m33
s23
s81
M.UN.04.03 Measure and compare integer
temperatures in degrees.
m33
s23
s31
M.TE.04.04 Measure surface area of cubes and
rectangular prisms by covering and counting area of
the faces.
m13
m33
Convert measurement units
M.TE.04.05 Carry out the following conversions
from one unit of measure to a larger or smaller unit
of measure: meters to centimeters, kilograms to
grams, liters to milliliters, hours to minutes, minutes
to seconds, years to months, weeks to days, feet to
inches, ounces to pounds (using numbers that
involve only simple calculations).
m33
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Know how to round off numbers according to the correct
number of significant figures.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Know the concepts of temperature and absolute
temperature. Know the temperature scales (Fahrenheit,
Celsius, and Kelvin) and their relationships.
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Math – Page 13
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 4
Use perimeter and area formulas
M.TE.04.06 Know and understand the formulas for
perimeter and area of a square and a rectangle;
calculate the perimeters and areas of these shapes
and combinations of these shape using the formulas.
M.TE.04.07 Find one dimension of a rectangle
given the other dimension and its perimeter or area.
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
m4
Understand the characteristics and terminology of angles,
e.g., degree measure, classification of angles by measure
(acute, right, obtuse, and straight), supplementary and
complementary angles, and vertical angles.
H
H
H
m13
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
H
H
H
Understand the characteristics of parallel, perpendicular,
and intersecting lines.
Use geometric methods (e.g., an unmarked straightedge
and compass) to complete basic geometric constructions
(e.g., perpendicular bisector of a line segment, angle
bisector, etc.).
H
H
H
m13
m13
m27
M.TE.04.08 Find the side of a square given its
perimeter or area.
m13
m27
M.PS.04.09 Solve contextual problems about
perimeter and area of squares and rectangles in
compound shapes.
m13
m27
Understand right angles
M.TE.04.10 Identify right angles and compare
angles to right angles.
Problem-solving
M.PS.04.11 Solve contextual problems about
surface area.
GEOMETRY
Understand perpendicular, parallel, and
intersecting lines
G.GS.04.01 Identify and draw perpendicular,
parallel, and intersecting lines using a ruler and a
tool or object with a square (90º) corner.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
m2
m28
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 14
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 4
Identify basic geometric shapes and their
components, and solve problems
G.GS.04.02 Identify basic geometric shapes
including isosceles, equilateral and right triangles,
and use their properties to solve problems.
G.SR.04.03 Identify and count the faces, edges, and
vertices of basic three-dimensional geometric solids
including cubes, rectangular prisms, and pyramids;
describe the shape of their faces.
Recognize symmetry and transformations
G.TR.04.04 Recognize plane figures that have line
symmetry.
m16
m29
m55
G.TR.04.05 Recognize rigid motion transformations
(flips, slides, turns) of a two-dimensional object.
m55
DATA & PROBABILITY
Represent and solve problems for given data
D.RE.04.01 Construct tables and bar graphs from
given data.
m5
D.RE.04.02 Order a given set of data, find the
median, and specify the range of values.
m5
m15
m36
D.RE.04.03 Solve problems using data presented in
tables and bar graphs, e.g., compare data
represented in two bar graphs and read bar graphs
showing two data sets.
m5
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand the properties and classification triangles by
sides (i.e., scalene, isosceles, and equilateral).
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
M
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Math – Page 15
Michigan
Curriculum Matrix for Mathematics
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 5
NUMBER & OPERATIONS
Understand division of whole numbers
N.MR.05.01 Understand the meaning of division of
whole numbers, with and without remainders; relate
division to fractions and to repeated subtraction.
N.MR.05.02 Relate division of whole numbers with
remainders to the form a = bq + r, e.g., 34 ÷ 5 = 6 r
4, so 5 • 6 + 4 = 34; note remainder (4) is less than
divisor (6).
N.MR.05.03 Write mathematical statements
involving division for given situations.
m1
m19
m1
m1
m7
Multiply and divide whole numbers
N.FL.05.04 Multiply a multi-digit number by a twodigit number; recognize and be able to explain
common computational errors such as not
accounting for place value.
N.MR.05.05 Solve applied problems involving
multiplication and division of whole numbers.
m1
m8
m1
m7
m8
N.FL.05.06 Divide fluently up to a four-digit
number by a two-digit number.
m1
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Understand the correct order of operations for performing
algebraic computations.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Understand the correct order of operations for performing
algebraic computations.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Math – Page 16
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 5
Find prime factorizations of whole numbers
N.MR.05.07 Find the prime factorization of
numbers between 1 and 50, express in exponential
notation, e.g., 24 = 233 x 311, and understand that
every whole number can be expressed as a product
of primes.
Understand meaning of decimal fractions and
percentages
N.ME.05.08 Understand the relative magnitude of
ones, tenths, and hundredths and the relationship of
each place value to the place to its right, e.g., 1 is 10
tenths, one tenth is 10 hundredths.
N.ME.05.09 Understand percentages as parts out of
100, use % notation, and express a part of a whole
as a percentage.
Understand fractions as division statements; find
equivalent fractions
N.ME.05.10 Understand a fraction as a statement of
division, e.g., 2 ÷
and pictures to represent.
N.ME.05.11 Given two fractions, express them as
equivalent fractions with a common denominator,
but not necessarily a least common denominator,
e.g., 1/2 = 4/8 and 3/4 = 6/8; use denominators less
than 12 or factors of 100.
Multiply and divide fractions
N.FL.05.12 Find the product of two unit fractions
with small denominators using area model.
N.FL.05.13 Divide a fraction by a whole number
and a whole number by a fraction, using simple unit
fractions.
m22
m19
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand factoring a composite number into its prime
factors, and how to find the largest monomial factor of a
polynomial to write the polynomial as the product of the
monomial and a polynomial.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
M
H
H
M
H
H
m19
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
M
H
H
m19
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
M
H
H
M
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
m19
m1
m1
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 17
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 5
Add and subtract fractions using common
denominators
N.FL.05.14 Add and subtract fractions with unlike
denominators of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
and 100, using the common denominator that is the
product of the denominators of the 2 fractions, e.g.,
3/8 + 7/10 = (3 x 10) + (7 x 8)
= 30 + 56
80
= 86/80
Multiply and divide by powers of ten
N.MR.05.15 Multiply a whole number by powers of
10: 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1,000; and identify
patterns.
m1
m1
m1
m19
N.MR.05.17 Multiply one-digit whole numbers by
decimals up to two decimal places.
Solve applied problems with fractions
N.FL.05.18 Given an applied situation involving
addition and subtraction of fractions, write
mathematical statements describing the situation.
m1
m1
m7
N.MR.05.19 Solve word problems that involve
finding sums and differences of fractions with
unlike denominators using knowledge of equivalent
fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the correct order of operations for performing
algebraic computations.
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
L
H
M
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
m8
m24
N.FL.05.16 Divide numbers by 10’s, 100’s, 1,000’s,
using mental strategies.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
m1
m8
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the basic properties and laws of exponents and
scientific notation.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the correct order of operations for performing
algebraic computations.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 18
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 5
N.FL.05.20 Solve applied problems involving
fractions and decimals; include rounding of answers
and checking reasonableness; use examples
involving money.
N.MR.05.21 Solve for the unknown in such
equations as: ¼ + x = 7/12.
m1
m8
m1
m7
Express, interpret, and use ratios; find
equivalences
N.MR.05.22 Express fractions and decimals as
percentages and vice versa.
N.ME.05.23 Express ratios in several ways given
applied situations, e.g., 3 cups to 5 people, 3 : 5,
3/5; recognize and find equivalent ratios.
MEASUREMENT
Know, and convert among, measurement units
within a given system
M.UN.05.01 Recognize the equivalence of 1 liter,
1.000 ml and 1000 cm3 and include conversions
among liters, milliliters, and cubic centimeters.
M.UN.05.02 Know the units of measure of volume:
cubic centimeter, cubic meter, cubic inches, cubic
feet, cubic yards, and use their abbreviations (cm3,
m3, in3, ft3, yd3).
m1
m1
m33
m33
s23
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the correct order of operations for performing
algebraic computations.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
M
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Math – Page 19
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 5
M.UN.05.03 Compare the relative sizes of one
cubic inch to one cubic foot, and one cubic
centimeter to one cubic meter.
m33
M.UN.05.04 Convert measurements of length,
weight, area, volume, and time within a given
system using easily manipulated numbers.
m33
Find areas of geometric shapes using formulas
M.PS.05.05 Represent relationships between areas
of rectangles, triangles, and parallelograms using
models.
M.TE.05.06 Understand and know how to use the
area formula of a triangle: A = 1/2 bh (where b is
length of the base and h is the height), and represent
using models and manipulatives.
M.TE.05.07 Understand and know how to use the
area formula for a parallelogram: A = bh, and
represent using models and manipulatives.
m13
m49
m13
m16
m13
m27
Understand the concept of volume
M.TE.05.08 Build solids with unit cubes and state
their volumes.
m29
m33
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Understand the properties and classification triangles by
sides (i.e., scalene, isosceles, and equilateral).
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Math – Page 20
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 5
M.TE.05.09 Use filling (unit cubes or liquid), and
counting or measuring to find the volume of a cube
and rectangular prism.
m29
m33
s23
M.PS.05.10 Solve applied problems about the
volumes of rectangular prisms using multiplication
and division and using the appropriate units.
GEOMETRY
Know the meaning of angles, and solve problems
G.TR.05.01 Associate an angle with a certain
amount of turning; know that angles are measured
in degrees; understand that 90°, 180°, 270°, and
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Compute the volume of three-dimensional figures (solids).
m17
m4
and 3/4 and full turns.
G.GS.05.02 Measure angles with a protractor, and
classify them as acute, right, obtuse, or straight.
m4
G.GS.05.03 Identify and name angles on a straight
line and vertical angles.
m4
G.GS.05.04 Find unknown angles in problems
involving angles on a straight line, angles
surrounding a point and vertical angles.
m4
G.GS.05.05 Know that angles on a straight line add
up to 180 and angles surrounding a point add up
to 360°; justify informally by “surrounding” a point
with angles.
m4
Understand the characteristics and terminology of angles,
e.g., degree measure, classification of angles by measure
(acute, right, obtuse, and straight), supplementary and
complementary angles, and vertical angles.
Understand the characteristics and terminology of angles,
e.g., degree measure, classification of angles by measure
(acute, right, obtuse, and straight), supplementary and
complementary angles, and vertical angles.
Understand the characteristics and terminology of angles,
e.g., degree measure, classification of angles by measure
(acute, right, obtuse, and straight), supplementary and
complementary angles, and vertical angles.
Understand the characteristics and terminology of angles,
e.g., degree measure, classification of angles by measure
(acute, right, obtuse, and straight), supplementary and
complementary angles, and vertical angles.
Understand the characteristics and terminology of angles,
e.g., degree measure, classification of angles by measure
(acute, right, obtuse, and straight), supplementary and
complementary angles, and vertical angles.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Math – Page 21
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 5
G.GS.05.06 Understand why the sum of the interior
angles of a
interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360°, and use
these properties to solve problems.
Solve problems about geometric shapes
G.GS.05.07 Find unknown angles using the
properties of: triangles, including right,
isosceles, and equilateral triangles; parallelograms,
including rectangles and rhombuses; and trapezoids.
m14
m27
m4
m14
m27
DATA & PROBABILITY
Construct and interpret line graphs
D.RE.05.01 Read and interpret line graphs, and
solve problems based on line graphs, e.g., distancetime graphs, and problems with two or three line
graphs on same axes, comparing different data.
D.RE.05.02 Construct line graphs from tables of
data; include axis labels and scale.
m5
Find and interpret mean and mode for a given
set of data
D.AN.05.03 Given a set of data, find and interpret
the mean (using the concept of fair share) and mode.
D.AN.05.04 Solve multi-step problems involving
means.
m15
m5
m15
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
Understand the angle relationships in triangles (i.e., acute,
obtuse, right, interior, and exterior).
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
H
H
H
Understand the characteristics and terminology of angles,
e.g., degree measure, classification of angles by measure
(acute, right, obtuse, and straight), supplementary and
complementary angles, and vertical angles.
Understand the angle relationships in triangles (i.e., acute,
obtuse, right, interior, and exterior).
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 22
Michigan
Curriculum Matrix for Mathematics
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 6
NUMBER & OPERATIONS
Multiply and divide fractions
N.MR.06.01 Understand division of fractions as the
inverse of multiplication, e.g., if 4/5 ÷ 2/3 = , then
2/3 x  = 4/5, so  = 4/5 • 2/3 = 12/10.
N.FL.06.02 Given an applied situation involving
dividing fractions, write a mathematical statement
to represent the situation.
m1
m1
m7
N.MR.06.03 Solve for the unknown in equations
such as: 1/4÷  = 1 3/4 ÷  = 1/4 and 1/2 = 1 • .
m1
N.FL.06.04 Multiply and divide any two fractions,
including mixed numbers, fluently.
m1
Represent rational numbers as fractions or
decimals
N.ME.06.05 Order rational numbers and place them
on the number line.
N.ME.06.06 Represent rational numbers as fractions
or terminating decimals when possible, and translate
between these representations.
N.ME.06.07 Understand that a fraction or a negative
fraction is a quotient of two integers, e.g., -8/3 is -8
divided by 3.
Add and subtract integers and rational numbers
N.MR.06.08 Understand integer subtraction as the
inverse of integer addition; add and subtract integers
using integers from 10 to -10.
N.FL.06.09 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide
integers between -10 and 10; use number line and
strip models for addition and subtraction.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
H
H
H
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
M
H
H
M
H
H
M
H
H
H
H
H
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
m19
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
m19
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
m19
m1
m1
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 23
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 6
N.FL.06.10 Add, subtract, multiply and divide
positive rational numbers fluently.
m1
Find equivalent ratios
N.ME.06.11 Find equivalent ratios by scaling up or
scaling down.
m1
m33
Solve decimal, percentage and rational number
problems
N.FL.06.12 Calculate part of a number given the
percentage and the number.
N.FL.06.13 Solve word problems involving
percentages in such contexts as sales taxes and tips,
and involving positive rational numbers.
N.FL.06.14 For applied situations, estimate the
answers to calculations involving operations with
rational numbers.
m1
m1
m1
m19
N.FL.06.15 Solve applied problems that use the four
operations with appropriate decimal numbers.
Use exponents
N.ME.06.16 Understand and use integer exponents,
excluding powers of negative numbers; express
numbers in scientific notation.
Understand rational numbers and their location
on the number line
N.ME.06.17 Locate negative rational numbers
(including integers) on the number line; know that
numbers and their negatives add to 0, and are on
opposite sides and at equal distance from 0 on a
number line.
m1
m24
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
H
H
H
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
M
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
M
H
H
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the basic properties and laws of exponents and
scientific notation.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
m19
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 24
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 6
N.ME.06.18 Understand that rational numbers are
quotients of integers (non-zero denominators), e.g.,
a rational number is either a fraction or a negative
fraction.
N.ME.06.19 Understand that 0 is an integer that is
neither negative nor positive.
N.ME.06.20 Know that the absolute value of a
number is the value of the number, ignoring the
sign, or is the distance of the number from 0.
ALGEBRA
Calculate rates
A.PA.06.01 Solve applied problems involving rates
including speed, e.g., if a car is going 50 mph, how
far will it go in 3 ½ hours?
Understand the coordinate plane
A.RP.06.02 Plot ordered pairs of integers and use
ordered pairs of integers to identify points in all four
quadrants of the coordinate plane.
Use variables, write expressions and equations,
and combine like terms
A.FO.06.03 Use letters, with units, to represent
quantities in a variety of contexts, e.g., y lbs., k
minutes, x cookies.
A.FO.06.04 Distinguish between an algebraic
expression and an equation.
A.FO.06.05 Use standard conventions for writing
algebraic expressions, e.g., 2x + 1 means “two times
x, plus 1” and 2(x + 1) means “two times the
quantity (x + 1).”
A.FO.06.06 Represent information given in words
using algebraic expressions and equations.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
M
H
H
M
H
H
M
H
H
m33
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
H
H
H
m23
Know the components and properties of the rectangular
coordinate system, (i.e., x - y axis, origin, quadrants,
abscissa (x-coordinate) and ordinate (y-coordinate), and
the general representation of a point (x,y)).
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
m19
m19
m19
m7
m7
m7
m7
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 25
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 6
A.FO.06.07 Simplify expressions of the first degree
by combining like terms, and evaluate using specific
values.
m7
m11
Represent linear functions using tables,
equations, and graphs
A.RP.06.08 Understand that relationships between
quantities can be suggested by graphs and tables.
A.PA.06.09 Graph and write equations for linear
functions of the form y = mx, and solve related
problems, e.g., given n chairs, the “leg function” is
f(n) = 4n; if you have 5 chairs, how many legs?; if
you have 12 legs, how many chairs?
A.RP.06.10 Represent simple relationships between
quantities, using verbal descriptions, formulas or
equations, tables, and graphs, e.g., perimeter-side
relationship for a square, distance-time graphs, and
conversions such as feet to inches.
Solve equations
A.FO.06.11 Relate simple linear equations with
integer coefficients to particular contexts, and solve,
e.g., 3x = 8 or x + 5 = 10.
m40
m40
m64
m40
m64
m7
m11
A.FO.06.12 Understand that adding or subtracting
the same number to both sides of an equation
creates a new equation that has the same solution.
m11
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Use addition and multiplication to simplify an algebraic
expression by identifying the order of operations and
techniques necessary to carry out the operations (e.g., 53(x-2) = 5-3x+6 = 11-3x).
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Use addition and multiplication to simplify an algebraic
expression by identifying the order of operations and
techniques necessary to carry out the operations (e.g., 53(x-2) = 5-3x+6 = 11-3x).
Use addition and multiplication to simplify an algebraic
expression by identifying the order of operations and
techniques necessary to carry out the operations (e.g., 53(x-2) = 5-3x+6 = 11-3x).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
M
H
H
M
H
H
H
H
L
H
M
Math – Page 26
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 6
A.FO.06.13 Understand that multiplying or dividing
both sides of an equation by the same non-zero
number creates a new equation that has the same
solutions.
A.FO.06.14 Solve equations of the form ax + b = c,
e.g., 3x + 8 = 15 by hand for positive integer
coefficients less than 20, using calculators
otherwise, and interpret the results.
m11
m11
m35
MEASUREMENT
Convert within measurement systems
M.UN.06.01 Convert between basic units of
measurement within a single measurement system,
e.g., square inches to square feet.
Find volume and surface area
M.PS.06.02 Draw patterns (of faces) for a cube and
rectangular prism that, when cut, will cover the
solid exactly (nets).
m33
m29
m33
M.TE.06.03 Compute the volume and surface area
of cubes and rectangular prisms given the lengths of
their sides using formulas.
m13
m17
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Use addition and multiplication to simplify an algebraic
expression by identifying the order of operations and
techniques necessary to carry out the operations (e.g., 53(x-2) = 5-3x+6 = 11-3x).
Use addition and multiplication to simplify an algebraic
expression by identifying the order of operations and
techniques necessary to carry out the operations (e.g., 53(x-2) = 5-3x+6 = 11-3x).
Find the solution of linear equations and inequalities
where the variable appears on both sides and in which one
or both sides must be simplified before solving the
equation (e.g., solve x+2(x-3) = -4x+5 for x).
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Compute the volume of three-dimensional figures (solids).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
M
H
H
L
H
M
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Math – Page 27
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 6
GEOMETRY
G.GS.06.01 Understand and apply basic properties
of lines, angles, and triangles, including:
—triangle inequality
—relationships of vertical angles, complementary
angles, supplementary angles
—congruence of corresponding and alternate
interior angles when parallel lines —are cut by a
transversal, and that such congruencies imply
parallel lines
—locate interior and exterior angles of any triangle,
and use the property that an exterior
—angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the
remote (opposite) interior angles
—know that the sum of the exterior angles of a
convex polygon is 360º.
Understand the concept of congruence and basic
transformations
G.GS.06.02 Understand that for polygons,
congruence means corresponding sides and angles
have equal measures.
G.TR.06.03 Understand the basic rigid motions in
the plane (reflections, rotations, translations), relate
these to congruence, and apply them to solve
problems.
G.TR.06.04 Understand and use simple
compositions of basic rigid transformations, e.g., a
translation followed by a reflection.
Construct geometric shapes
G.SR.06.05 Use paper folding to perform basic
geometric constructions of perpendicular lines,
midpoints of line segments and angle bisectors;
justify informally.
DATA & PROBABILITY
Understand the concept of probability and solve
problems
D.PR.06.01 Express probabilities as fractions,
decimals or percentages between 0 and 1; know that
0 probability means an event will not occur and that
probability 1 means an event will occur.
m2
m4
m14
m16
m27
m49
m49
m49
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand the characteristics of parallel, perpendicular,
and intersecting lines.
Understand the characteristics and terminology of angles,
e.g., degree measure, classification of angles by measure
(acute, right, obtuse, and straight), supplementary and
complementary angles, and vertical angles.
Understand the angle relationships in triangles (i.e., acute,
obtuse, right, interior, and exterior).
Understand the properties and classification triangles by
sides (i.e., scalene, isosceles, and equilateral).
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
M
H
m55
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
H
M
H
m28
Use geometric methods (e.g., an unmarked straightedge
and compass) to complete basic geometric constructions
(e.g., perpendicular bisector of a line segment, angle
bisector, etc.).
H
H
H
m25
Determine the probability of single and compound events
using the basic premise that the probability of an event is
equal to the number of ways it can occur divided by the
total number of outcomes.
M
H
H
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 28
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 6
D.PR.06.02 Compute probabilities of events from
simple experiments with equally likely outcomes,
e.g., tossing dice, flipping coins, spinning spinners,
by listing all possibilities and finding the fraction
that meets given conditions.
m20
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand the characteristic differences between
theoretical and empirical probability (e.g., the theoretic
probability of rolling a six and a die is 1/6; empirical
probability is derived from repeated experimentation or
accumulated statistics).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
M
H
H
Math – Page 29
Michigan
Curriculum Matrix for Mathematics
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 7
NUMBER & OPERATIONS
Understand derived quantities
N.ME.07.01 Understand derived quantities such as
density, velocity, and weighted averages.
s23
N.FL.07.02 Solve problems involving derived
quantities.
m33
s23
Understand and solve problems involving rates,
ratios, and proportions
N.FL.07.03 Calculate rates of change including
speed.
m1
m33
N.MR.07.04 Convert ratio quantities between
different systems of units such as feet per second to
miles per hour.
m33
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Measure properties of the environment using dimensional
quantities such as time, length, mass, pressure, volume,
acceleration, etc. Compare, estimate and predict
measurements.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
M
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
Math – Page 30
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 7
N.FL.07.05 Solve simple proportion problems using
such methods as unit rate, scaling, finding
equivalent fractions, and solving the proportion
equation a/b = c/d; know how to see patterns about
proportional situations in tables.
m33
m52
Recognize irrational numbers
N.MR.07.06 Understand the concept of square root
and cube root, and estimate using calculators.
Compute with rational numbers
N.FL.07.07 Solve problems involving operations with
integers.
N.FL.07.08 Add, subtract, multiply and divide
negative rational numbers.
N.FL.07.09 Estimate results of computations with
rational numbers.
m19
m1
m1
m1
m19
ALGEBRA
Understand and apply directly proportional
relationships and relate to linear relationships
A.PA.07.01 Recognize when information given in a
table, graph, or formula suggests a proportional or
linear relationship.
A.RP.07.02 Represent directly proportional and
linear relationships using verbal descriptions, tables,
graphs, and formulas, and translate among these
representations.
m40
m7
m33
m40
m64
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
MEAP
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Find the solution of proportions with monomial monomial
and binomial terms (e.g., x/(x-2) = 6/5, therefore, x = 12).
H
H
H
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
M
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
H
H
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 31
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 7
A.PA.07.03 Given a directly proportional or linear
situation, graph and interpret the slope and
intercept(s) in terms of the original situation;
evaluate y = kx for specific x values, given k, e.g.,
weight vs. volume of water, base cost plus cost per
unit.
m34
m45
m64
A.PA.07.04 For directly proportional or linear
situations, solve applied problems using graphs and
equations, e.g., the heights and volume of a
container with uniform cross-section, height of
water in a tank being filled at a constant rate,
degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit, distance
and time under constant speed.
m33
m34
m45
m64
A.PA.07.05 Understand and use directly
proportional relationships of the form y = mx, and
distinguish from linear relationships of the form y =
mx + b, b non-zero; understand that in a directly
proportional relationship between two quantities
one quantity is a constant multiple of the other
quantity.
Understand and represent linear functions
A.PA.07.06 Calculate the slope from the graph of a
linear function as the ratio of “rise/run” for a pair of
points on the graph, and express the answer as a
fraction and a decimal; understand that linear
functions have slope that is a constant rate of
change.
m34
m40
m45
m34
m40
m64
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
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Math – Page 32
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 7
A.PA.07.07 Represent linear functions in the form y
= x + b, y = mx, and y = mx + b, and graph,
interpreting slope and y-intercept.
m34
m45
m64
A.FO.07.08 Know that the solution to a linear
equation corresponds to the point at which its graph
crosses the x-axis.
Understand and solve problems about inversely
proportional relationships
A.PA.07.09 Recognize inversely proportional
relationships in contextual situations; know that
quantities are inversely proportional if their product
is constant, e.g., the length and width of a rectangle
with fixed area, and that an inversely proportional
relationship is of the form y = k/x where k is some
non-zero number.
A.RP.07.10 Know that the graph of y = k/x is not a
line; know its shape; and know that it crosses
neither the x nor the y-axis.
Apply basic properties of real numbers in
algebraic contexts
A.PA.07.11 Understand and use basic properties of
real numbers: additive and multiplicative identities,
additive and multiplicative inverses, commutativity,
associativity, and the distributive property of
multiplication over addition.
Combine algebraic expressions and solve
equations
A.FO.07.12 Add, subtract, and multiply simple
algebraic expressions of the first degree, e.g., (92x +
8y) – 5x + y, or – 2x (5x – 4), and justify using
properties of real numbers.
m64
m40
m73
m40
m3
m19
m11
m19
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
MEAP
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Understand basic algebraic properties (i.e., commutative:
ab = ba; associative: ab(c) = a(bc); and distributive:
a(b+c) = (ab)+(ac)).
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
H
H
H
Use addition and multiplication to simplify an algebraic
expression by identifying the order of operations and
techniques necessary to carry out the operations (e.g., 53(x-2) = 5-3x+6 = 11-3x).
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
H
H
H
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand inverse functions as the set of ordered pairs
obtained by interchanging the first and second elements of
each pair belonging to a one-on-one function. Use one-onone functions to create symmetric figures consisting of the
graphs of a function and its inverse function.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 33
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 7
A.FO.07.13 From applied situations, generate and
solve linear equations of the form ax + b = c and ax
+ b = cx + d, and interpret solutions.
GEOMETRY
Draw and construct geometric objects
G.SR.07.01 Use a ruler and other tools to draw
squares, rectangles, triangles and parallelograms
with specified dimensions.
G.SR.07.02 Use compass and straightedge to
perform basic geometric constructions: the
perpendicular bisector of a segment, an equilateral
triangle, and the bisector of an angle; understand
informal justifications.
Understand the concept of similar polygons, and
solve related problems
G.TR.07.03 Understand that in similar polygons,
corresponding angles are congruent and the ratios of
corresponding sides are equal; understand the
concepts of similar figures and scale factor.
m35
m28
m28
m33
m49
G.TR.07.04 Solve problems about similar figures
and scale drawings.
m33
m49
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Find the solution of linear equations and inequalities
where the variable appears on both sides and in which one
or both sides must be simplified before solving the
equation (e.g., solve x+2(x-3) = -4x+5 for x).
Use geometric methods (e.g., an unmarked straightedge
and compass) to complete basic geometric constructions
(e.g., perpendicular bisector of a line segment, angle
bisector, etc.).
Use geometric methods (e.g., an unmarked straightedge
and compass) to complete basic geometric constructions
(e.g., perpendicular bisector of a line segment, angle
bisector, etc.).
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
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Math – Page 34
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 7
G.TR.07.05 Show that two triangles are similar
using the criteria: corresponding angles are
congruent (AAA similarity); the ratios of two pairs
of corresponding sides are equal and the included
angles are congruent (SAS similarity); ratios of all
pairs of corresponding sides are equal (SSS
similarity); use these criteria to solve problems and
to justify arguments.
m14
m16
m33
m49
G.TR.07.06 Understand and use the fact that when
two triangles are similar with scale factor of r, their
areas are related by a factor of r2.
m33
m49
DATA & PROBABILITY
Represent data and interpret
D.RE.07.01 Represent and interpret data using
circle graphs, stem and leaf plots, histograms, and
box-and-whisker plots, and select appropriate
representation to address specific questions.
D.AN.07.02 Create and interpret scatter plots and
find line of best fit and use an estimated line of best
fit to answer questions about the data.
Compute statistics about datasets
D.AN.07.03 Calculate and interpret relative
frequencies and cumulative frequencies for given
data sets.
D.AN.07.04 Find and interpret the median,
quartiles, and interquartile range of a given set of
data.
m5
m5
m5
m15
m42
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand the angle relationships in triangles (i.e., acute,
obtuse, right, interior, and exterior).
Understand the properties and classification triangles by
sides (i.e., scalene, isosceles, and equilateral).
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the concepts and applications of quartiles (i.e.,
distributing groups into four equal frequencies) and
percentiles (i.e., distributing individuals into one-hundred
groups of equal frequency).
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Math – Page 35
Michigan
Curriculum Matrix for Mathematics
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 8
NUMBER & OPERATIONS
Understand real number concepts
N.ME.08.01 Understand the meaning of a square
root of a number and its connection to the square
whose area is the number; understand the meaning
of a cube root and its connection to the volume of a
cube.
N.ME.08.02 Understand meanings for zero and
negative integer exponents.
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Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
m19
m19
m24
N.ME.08.03 Understand that in decimal form,
rational numbers either terminate or eventually
repeat, and that calculators truncate or round
repeating decimals; locate rational numbers on the
number line; know fraction forms of common
repeating decimals, e.g., 0.1= 1/9; 0.3= 1/3 .
N.ME.08.04 Understand that irrational numbers are
those that cannot be expressed as the quotient of
two integers, and cannot be represented by
terminating or repeating decimals; approximate the
position of familiar irrational numbers, (e.g.,√2 , √3
, π) on the number line.
N.FL.08.05 Estimate and solve problems with
square roots and cube roots using calculators.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the basic properties and laws of exponents and
scientific notation.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
m19
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
m19
m44
m68
Perform operations with radicals such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division of two or more
irrational numbers and express as the square root of a
positive integer or as the product of a rational number and
the square root of a positive integer.
Apply arithmetic methods for obtaining a rational
approximation of an irrational number (e.g., radical).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 36
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 8
N.FL.08.06 Find square roots of perfect squares and
approximate the square roots of nonperfect squares
by locating between consecutive integers, e.g., √130
is between 11 and 12.
m44
m68
Solve problems
N.MR.08.07 Understand percent increase and
percent decrease in both sum and product form, e.g.,
3% increase of a quantity x is x + .03x = 1.03x.
m1
m7
N.MR.08.08 Solve problems involving percent
increases and decreases.
m1
m7
N.FL.08.09 Solve problems involving compounded
interest or multiple discounts.
m1
m7
N.MR.08.10 Calculate weighted averages such as
course grades, consumer price indices, and sports
ratings.
m1
m7
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Perform operations with radicals such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division of two or more
irrational numbers and express as the square root of a
positive integer or as the product of a rational number and
the square root of a positive integer.
Apply arithmetic methods for obtaining a rational
approximation of an irrational number (e.g., radical).
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
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Math – Page 37
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 8
N.MR.08.11 Solve problems involving ratio units
such as miles per hour, dollars per pound, or
persons per square mile.
m1
m7
m33
ALGEBRA
Understand the concept of non-linear functions
using basic examples
A.RP.08.01 Identify and represent linear functions,
quadratic functions, and other simple functions
including inverse functions (y = k/x), cubics (y =
ax3) roots, (y =√x ), and exponentials (y = ax , a >
0), using tables, graphs, and equations.
m40
m45
m64
m69
m73
A.PA.08.02 For basic functions, e.g., simple
quadratics, direct and indirect variation, and
population growth, describe how changes in one
variable affect the others.
m40
m81
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Perform operations with signed (positive and negative)
numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and
fractions.
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Understand inverse functions as the set of ordered pairs
obtained by interchanging the first and second elements of
each pair belonging to a one-on-one function. Use one-onone functions to create symmetric figures consisting of the
graphs of a function and its inverse function.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Solve and graphically sketch problems involving two
variables that exhibit direct and indirect variation.
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Math – Page 38
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 8
A.PA.08.03 Recognize basic functions in problem
context, e.g., area of a circle is π r2, volume of a
sphere is 4/3 π r3, and represent them using tables,
graphs, and formulas.
m13
m17
m30
m40
A.RP.08.04 Use the vertical line test to determine if
a graph represents a function in one variable.
m32
m40
Understand and represent quadratic functions
A.RP.08.05 Relate quadratic functions in factored
form and vertex form to their graphs and vice versa;
in particular, note that solutions of a quadratic
equation are the x-intercepts of the corresponding
quadratic function.
A.RP.08.06 Graph factorable quadratic functions,
finding where the graph intersects the x axis and the
coordinates of the vertex; use words “parabola” and
“roots”; include functions in vertex form and those
with leading coefficient –1, e.g., y = x2 – 36, y = (x
– 2)2 – 9; y = – x2; y = – (x – 3)2.
Recognize, represent, and apply common
formulas
A.FO.08.07 Recognize and apply the common
formulas:
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2 ab + b2
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2 ab + b2
(a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2 ; represent geometrically.
m40
m53
m86
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Compute the volume of three-dimensional figures (solids).
Know how to measure circle quantities (e.g., area, angle
formed by two secants, circumference, length of segments,
etc.).
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
Know how to graphically sketch basic conic sections (e.g.,
circles and parabolas) using their equations, and
graphically solve systems of equations.
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Solve and graphically sketch problems involving two
variables that exhibit direct and indirect variation.
m81
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 39
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 8
A.FO.08.08 Factor simple quadratic expressions
with integer coefficients, e.g., x2 + 6x + 9, x2 + 2x –
3 and x2 – 4; solve simple quadratic equations, e.g.,
x2 = 16 or x2 = 5 (by taking square roots); x2 – x – 6
= 0, x2 – 2x = 15 (by factoring); verify solutions by
evaluation.
A.FO.08.09 Solve applied problems involving
simple quadratic equations.
m22
m53
m22
m53
Understand solutions and solve equations,
simultaneous equations, and linear inequalities
A.FO.08.10 Understand that to solve the equation
f(x) = g(x) means to find all values of x for which
the equation is true, e.g., determine whether a given
value, or values from a given set, is a solution of an
equation (0 is a solution of 3x2 + 2 = 4x + 2, but 1 is
not a solution).
m12
m40
m71
A.FO.08.11 Solve simultaneous linear equations in
two variables by graphing, by substitution, and by
linear combination; estimate solutions using graphs;
include examples with no solutions and infinitely
many solutions.
A.FO.08.12 Solve linear inequalities in one and two
variables, and graph the solution sets.
m45
m71
m35
m82
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand factoring a composite number into its prime
factors, and how to find the largest monomial factor of a
polynomial to write the polynomial as the product of the
monomial and a polynomial.
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
Understand factoring a composite number into its prime
factors, and how to find the largest monomial factor of a
polynomial to write the polynomial as the product of the
monomial and a polynomial.
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
Analyze the truth value of simple sentences by stating
whether a simple objective statement (closed sentence) is
true or false, or whether a statement containing pronouns
or variables (open sentence) becomes true or false upon
replacement of those pronouns or variables.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Know how to find the graphic solution of systems of linear
equations (e.g., find the point(s) common to a quadraticlinear pair).
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Know how to find the graphic solution of systems of linear
equations (e.g., find the point(s) common to a quadraticlinear pair).
Find the solution of linear equations and inequalities
where the variable appears on both sides and in which one
or both sides must be simplified before solving the
equation (e.g., solve x+2(x-3) = -4x+5 for x).
Know how to find the graphic solution of systems of linear
inequalities (e.g., graph the solution set or region of the
coordinate plane common to both inequalities).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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Math – Page 40
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 8
A.FO.08.13 Set up and solve applied problems
involving simultaneous linear equations and linear
inequalities.
m71
m82
GEOMETRY
Understand and use the Pythagorean Theorem
G.GS.08.01 Understand at least one proof of the
Pythagorean Theorem; use the Pythagorean
Theorem and its converse to solve applied problems
including perimeter, area, and volume problems.
m13
m17
m21
G.LO.08.02 Find the distance between two points
on the coordinate plane using the distance formula;
recognize that the distance formula is an application
of the Pythagorean Theorem.
Solve problems about geometric figures
G.SR.08.03 Understand the definition of a circle;
know and use the formulas for circumference and
area of a circle to solve problems.
m9
m21
m10
m30
G.SR.08.04 Find area and perimeter of complex
figures by sub-dividing them into basic shapes
(quadrilaterals, triangles, circles).
m13
m17
m21
m30
G.SR.08.05 Solve applied problems involving areas
of triangles, quadrilaterals, and circles.
m13
m21
m30
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Know how to find the graphic solution of systems of linear
equations (e.g., find the point(s) common to a quadraticlinear pair).
Know how to find the graphic solution of systems of linear
inequalities (e.g., graph the solution set or region of the
coordinate plane common to both inequalities).
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Compute the volume of three-dimensional figures (solids).
Use the Pythagorean theorem to compute side lengths of
right triangles.
Know how to compute the distance between two points
(i.e., length of a line segment) on a coordinate plane.
Use the Pythagorean theorem to compute side lengths of
right triangles.
Understand the properties of circles (e.g., radius, arc,
diameter, chord, secant, tangent, etc.).
Know how to measure circle quantities (e.g., area, angle
formed by two secants, circumference, length of segments,
etc.).
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Compute the volume of three-dimensional figures (solids).
Use the Pythagorean theorem to compute side lengths of
right triangles.
Know how to measure circle quantities (e.g., area, angle
formed by two secants, circumference, length of segments,
etc.).
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Use the Pythagorean theorem to compute side lengths of
right triangles.
Know how to measure circle quantities (e.g., area, angle
formed by two secants, circumference, length of segments,
etc.).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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L
L
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H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Math – Page 41
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 8
Understand concepts of volume and surface area,
and apply formulas
G.SR.08.06 Know the volume formulas for
generalized cylinders ((area of base) x height),
generalized cones and pyramids ( 1/3(area of base)
3
) and apply
them to solve problems.
G.SR.08.07 Understand the concept of surface area,
and find the surface area of prisms, cones, spheres,
pyramids, and cylinders.
Curriculum
Survey
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H
H
H
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Know how to measure circle quantities (e.g., area, angle
formed by two secants, circumference, length of segments,
etc.).
H
H
H
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the concepts of direct and opposite isometries
(i.e., transformations that preserve distance such as
reflections, rotations, translations, and glide reflections,
and be able to graphically apply them.
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
M
H
m17
m13
m29
m33
m49
m55
m75
Understand and apply concepts of
transformation and symmetry
G.TR.08.09 Understand the definition of a dilation
from a point in the plane, and relate it to the
definition of similar polygons.
G.TR.08.10 Understand and use reflective and
rotational symmetries of two-dimensional shapes,
and relate them to transformations to solve problems.
MEAP
Compute the volume of three-dimensional figures (solids).
m30
Visualize solids
G.SR.08.08 Sketch a variety of two-dimensional
representations of three-dimensional solids
including orthogonal views (top, front, and side),
picture views (projective or isometric), and nets, use
such two-dimensional representations to help solve
problems.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
m49
m55
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
Math – Page 42
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 8
DATA & PROBABILITY
Draw, explain, and justify conclusions based on
data
D.AN.08.01 Determine which measure of central
tendency (mean, median, mode) best represents a
data set, e.g., salaries, home prices for answering
certain questions; justify the choice made.
D.AN.08.02 Recognize practices of collecting and
displaying data that may bias the presentation or
analysis.
m15
m5
m15
m36
m42
Understand probability concepts for simple and
compound events
D.PR.08.03 Compute relative frequencies from a
table of experimental results for a repeated event,
and be able to answer questions about the result,
using relationship of probability to relative
frequency.
m5
m20
D.PR.08.04 Apply the Basic Counting Principle to
find total number of outcomes possible for
independent and dependent events, and calculate the
probabilities using organized lists or tree diagrams.
D.PR.08.05 Understand the relationship of
probability to relative frequency.
m56
m20
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Understand the concepts and applications of quartiles (i.e.,
distributing groups into four equal frequencies) and
percentiles (i.e., distributing individuals into one-hundred
groups of equal frequency).
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristic differences between
theoretical and empirical probability (e.g., the theoretic
probability of rolling a six and a die is 1/6; empirical
probability is derived from repeated experimentation or
accumulated statistics).
Use the Counting Principle to determine the probability of
events occurring jointly (e.g., if one activity can occur in
any of m ways and another in any one of n ways, then the
total number of ways both activities can occur is mn).
Understand the characteristic differences between
theoretical and empirical probability (e.g., the theoretic
probability of rolling a six and a die is 1/6; empirical
probability is derived from repeated experimentation or
accumulated statistics).
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Math – Page 43
Michigan Mathematics
Strands/Grade Level Content Expectations
Rank
Grade 8
D.PR.08.06 Understand the difference between
independent and dependent events, and recognize
common misconceptions involving probability, e.g.,
Alice rolls a 6 on a die three times in a row; she is
just as likely to roll a 6 on the fourth roll as she was
on any previous roll.
D.AN.08.07 Compute relative frequencies from a
table of experimental results for a repeated event;
understand the relationship of experimental
probability to relative frequency; answer questions
regarding the results.
m5
m20
m5
m20
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristic differences between
theoretical and empirical probability (e.g., the theoretic
probability of rolling a six and a die is 1/6; empirical
probability is derived from repeated experimentation or
accumulated statistics).
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristic differences between
theoretical and empirical probability (e.g., the theoretic
probability of rolling a six and a die is 1/6; empirical
probability is derived from repeated experimentation or
accumulated statistics).
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Math – Page 44
Michigan
Curriculum Matrix for Mathematics
Michigan Mathematics
Standards/Benchmarks
High School
STRAND 1: QUANTITATIVE LITERACY
AND LOGIC
STANDARD L1: REASONING ABOUT
NUMBERS, SYSTEMS, AND
QUANTITATIVE SITUATIONS
Based on their knowledge of the properties of
arithmetic, students understand and reason about
numbers, number systems, and the relationships
between them. They represent quantitative
relationships using mathematical symbols, and
interpret relationships from those representations.
L1.1 Number Systems and Number Sense
L1.1.1 Know the different properties that hold in
different number systems, and recognize that the
applicable properties change in the transition from
the positive integers, to all integers, to the rational
numbers, and to the real numbers.
L1.1.2 Explain why the multiplicative inverse of a
number has the same sign as the number, while the
additive inverse of a number has the opposite sign.
L1.1.3 Explain how the properties of associativity,
commutativity, and distributivity, as well as
identity and inverse elements, are used in
arithmetic and algebraic calculations.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m3
m19
m19
m3
m7
m11
m19
Understand basic algebraic properties (i.e., commutative:
ab = ba; associative: ab(c) = a(bc); and distributive:
a(b+c) = (ab)+(ac)).
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand basic algebraic properties (i.e., commutative:
ab = ba; associative: ab(c) = a(bc); and distributive:
a(b+c) = (ab)+(ac)).
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Use addition and multiplication to simplify an algebraic
expression by identifying the order of operations and
techniques necessary to carry out the operations (e.g., 53(x-2) = 5-3x+6 = 11-3x).
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
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L1.1.4 Describe the reasons for the different effects
of multiplication by, or exponentiation of, a
positive number by a number less than 0, a number
between 0 and 1, and a number greater than 1.
L1.1.5 Justify numerical relationships (e.g., show
that the sum of even integers is even; that every
integer can be written as 3m+k, where k is 0, 1, or
2, and m is an integer; or that the sum of the first n
positive integers is n (n+1)/2).
L1.1.6 Explain the importance of the irrational
numbers and in basic right triangle trigonometry;
the importance of π because of its role in circle
relationships; and the role of e in applications such
as continuously compounded interest.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m19
m24
m32
m30
m57
m61
m69
L1.2 Representations and Relationships
L1.2.1 Use mathematical symbols (e.g., interval
notation, set notation, summation notation) to
represent quantitative relationships and situations.
m47
m72
L1.2.2 Interpret representations that reflect absolute
value relationships (e.g. l x - a l ≤ b, or a ± b) in
such contexts as error tolerance.
L1.2.3 Use vectors to represent quantities that have
magnitude and direction; interpret direction and
magnitude of a vector numerically, and calculate
the sum and difference of two vectors.
m33
m70
Understand the definitions and properties of rational and
irrational numbers.
Understand the basic properties and laws of exponents and
scientific notation.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Know how to measure circle quantities (e.g., area, angle
formed by two secants, circumference, length of segments,
etc.).
Understand the concepts of right triangle trigonometry and
solve right triangles using basic trigonometric ratios (sine,
cosine, tangent).
Understand the concepts recurrence relations and how they
are applicable to such things as compound interest and
annuity.
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Know how to represent the solution set of an open
sentence (e.g., x<-1) on a number line.
Understand the characteristics and uses of finite sequence
and series (e.g., it allows a systematic and useful means of
quantifying things).
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Understand the characteristics and uses of vectors (e.g.,
representations of velocity and force) and perform basic
operations on vectors (e.g., vector addition and scalar
multiplication). A vector is a physical element possessing
magnitude and direction.
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L1.2.4 Organize and summarize a data set in a
table, plot, chart, or spreadsheet; find patterns in a
display of data; understand and critique data
displays in the media.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m5
m15
m36
L1.2.5 Read and interpret representations from
various technological sources, such as contour or
isobar diagrams.
L1.3 Counting and Probabilistic Reasoning
L1.3.1 Describe, explain, and apply various
counting techniques (e.g., finding the number of
different 4-letter passwords; permutations; and
combinations); relate combinations to Pascal’s
triangle; know when to use each technique.
m5
m43
m56
m66a
L1.3.2 Define and interpret commonly used
expressions of probability (e.g., chances of an
event, likelihood, odds).
L1.3.3 Recognize and explain common probability
misconceptions such as “hot streaks” and “being
due.”
m25
m20
m25
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Know how to determine combinations (i.e., the various
grouping a set may be arranged in without regard to order).
Use the Counting Principle to determine the probability of
events occurring jointly (e.g., if one activity can occur in
any of m ways and another in any one of n ways, then the
total number of ways both activities can occur is mn).
Know how to determine permutations (i.e., arrangements
of a set where order matters).
Determine the probability of single and compound events
using the basic premise that the probability of an event is
equal to the number of ways it can occur divided by the
total number of outcomes.
Understand the characteristic differences between
theoretical and empirical probability (e.g., the theoretic
probability of rolling a six and a die is 1/6; empirical
probability is derived from repeated experimentation or
accumulated statistics).
Determine the probability of single and compound events
using the basic premise that the probability of an event is
equal to the number of ways it can occur divided by the
total number of outcomes.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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M
H
H
Math – Page 47
Michigan Mathematics
Standards/Benchmarks
High School
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
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STANDARD L2: CALCULATION,
ALGORITHMS, AND ESTIMATION
Students calculate fluently, estimate proficiently,
and describe and use algorithms in appropriate
situations (e.g., approximating solutions to
equations.) They understand the basic ideas of
iteration and algorithms.
L2.1 Calculation Using Real and Complex
Numbers
L2.1.1 Explain the meaning and uses of weighted
averages (e.g., GNP, consumer price index, grade
point average).
m5
m15
m36
L2.1.2 Calculate fluently with numerical
expressions involving exponents; use the rules of
exponents; evaluate numerical expressions
involving rational and negative exponents;
transition easily between roots and exponents.
L2.1.3 Explain the exponential relationship
between a number and its base 10 logarithm, and
use it to relate rules of logarithms to those of
exponents in expressions involving numbers.
L2.1.4 Know that the complex number i is one of
two solutions to x2 = -1.
m24
m24
m75
m60
m65
m76
L2.1.5 Add, subtract, and multiply complex
numbers; use conjugates to simplify quotients of )
complex numbers.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Understand the basic properties and laws of exponents and
scientific notation.
m39
H
H
Understand the basic properties and laws of exponents and
scientific notation.
Graph the logarithmic function and understand its
characteristics.
Understand the concept of the imaginary unit, i, and know
how to simplify square roots involving a negative
radicand.
Know the standard form of a complex number is expressed
as a + bi where a and b are real numbers, and represent
graphically on the complex plane where the horizontal axis
is the real axis and the vertical axis is the imaginary axis.
Find the solution of quadratic equations with imaginary
roots and understand the characteristics of the roots.
Execute basic operations with complex numbers (i.e.,
addition, multiplication, and inverse), and graphically
interpret complex numbers using the complex plane.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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M
Math – Page 48
Michigan Mathematics
Standards/Benchmarks
High School
2.1.6 Recognize when exact answers aren’t always
possible or practical; use appropriate algorithms to
approximate solutions to equations (e.g., to
approximate square roots)
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m33
m62
L2.1.7 Understand the mathematical bases for the
differences among voting procedures.
m62
L2.2 Sequences and Iteration
L2.2.1 Find the nth term in arithmetic, geometric,
or other simple sequences.
m40
L2.2.2 Compute sums of finite arithmetic and
geometric sequences.
m72
m77
L2.2.3 Use iterative processes in such examples as
computing compound interest or applying
approximation procedures.
m61
m68
L2.2.4 Compute sums of infinite geometric
sequences.
m40
m48
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Understand the characteristics of algorithms and how they
are used for finding the greatest common denominator of
two numbers and the solutions of quadratic equations.
Understand the characteristics of algorithms and how they
are used for finding the greatest common denominator of
two numbers and the solutions of quadratic equations.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand the characteristics and uses of finite sequence
and series (e.g., it allows a systematic and useful means of
quantifying things).
Apply summation notation to taking the sum of an
expression using limits (e.g., take the sum of 3i+1, from i
= 1 to 5).
Understand the concepts recurrence relations and how they
are applicable to such things as compound interest and
annuity.
Apply arithmetic methods for obtaining a rational
approximation of an irrational number (e.g., radical).
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand the concepts and apply the uses of functions
and limits (i.e., conduct limiting processes using functions
to investigate infinite series and sequences).
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Math – Page 49
Michigan Mathematics
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High School
STANDARD L3: MEASUREMENT AND
PRECISION
Students apply measurement units and calculations,
and understand the concept of error.
L3.1 Measurement Units, Calculations, and
Scales
L3.1.1 Convert units of measurement within and
between systems; explain how arithmetic
operations on measurements affect units, and carry
units through calculations correctly.
L3.1.2 Describe and interpret logarithmic
relationships in such contexts as the Richter scale,
the pH scale, or decibel measurements (e.g.,
explain why a small change in the scale can
represent a large change in intensity); solve applied
problems.
L3.2 Understanding Error
L3.2.1 Determine what degree of accuracy is
reasonable for measurements in a given situation;
express accuracy through use of significant digits,
error tolerance, or percent of error; describe how
errors in measurements are magnified by
computation; recognize accumulated error in
applied situations.
L3.2.2 Describe and explain round-off error,
rounding, and truncating.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m33
m33
m78
m33
m33
L3.2.3 Know the meaning of and interpret
statistical significance, margin of error, and
confidence level.
m5
m36
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Graph the logarithmic function and understand its
characteristics.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
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H
H
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Math – Page 50
Michigan Mathematics
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High School
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
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Rank
MEAP
11th Grade
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
STANDARD L4: MATHEMATICAL
REASONING, LOGIC, AND PROOF
Students understand mathematical reasoning as
being grounded in logic and proof and can
distinguish mathematical arguments from other
types of arguments. They can interpret arguments
made about quantitative situations in the popular
media. Students know the language and laws of
logic and can apply them in both mathematical and
everyday settings. They write proofs using direct
and indirect methods and use counterexamples
appropriately to show that statements are false.
L4.1 Mathematical Reasoning
L4.1.1 Distinguish between inductive and
deductive reasoning, identifying and providing
examples of each.
m32
L4.1.2 Differentiate between statistical arguments
(statements verified empirically using examples or
data) and logical arguments based on the rules of
logic.
m15
m31
m32
m36
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Analyze the truth value of compound sentences that
include the connectives AND (conjunction), OR
(disjunction), IF-THEN (conditional), and IF AND ONLY
IF (bi-conditional) and summarize by creating truth tables.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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Michigan Mathematics
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High School
L4.1.3 Define and explain the roles of axioms
(postulates), definitions, theorems,
counterexamples, and proofs in the logical structure
of mathematics; identify and give examples of
each.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m2
m6
m21
m32
L4.2 Language and Laws of Logic
L4.2.1 Know and use the terms of basic logic (e.g.,
proposition, negation, truth and falsity, implication,
if and only if, contrapositive, and converse).
m12
m31
L4.2.2 Use the connectives “NOT,” “AND,” “OR,”
and “IF…,THEN,” in mathematical and everyday
settings. Know the truth table of each connective
and how to logically negate statements involving
these connectives.
L4.2.3 Use the quantifiers “THERE EXISTS” and
“ALL” in mathematical and everyday settings and
know how to logically negate statements involving
them.
m31
m12
m31
Understand the characteristics of parallel, perpendicular,
and intersecting lines.
Understand the characteristics and applications of the
undefined terms of geometry (i.e., point, line, and plane).
Use the Pythagorean theorem to compute side lengths of
right triangles.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Analyze the truth value of simple sentences by stating
whether a simple objective statement (closed sentence) is
true or false, or whether a statement containing pronouns
or variables (open sentence) becomes true or false upon
replacement of those pronouns or variables.
Analyze the truth value of compound sentences that
include the connectives AND (conjunction), OR
(disjunction), IF-THEN (conditional), and IF AND ONLY
IF (bi-conditional) and summarize by creating truth tables.
Analyze the truth value of compound sentences that
include the connectives AND (conjunction), OR
(disjunction), IF-THEN (conditional), and IF AND ONLY
IF (bi-conditional) and summarize by creating truth tables.
Analyze the truth value of simple sentences by stating
whether a simple objective statement (closed sentence) is
true or false, or whether a statement containing pronouns
or variables (open sentence) becomes true or false upon
replacement of those pronouns or variables.
Analyze the truth value of compound sentences that
include the connectives AND (conjunction), OR
(disjunction), IF-THEN (conditional), and IF AND ONLY
IF (bi-conditional) and summarize by creating truth tables.
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L4.2.4 Write the converse, inverse, and
contrapositive of an “If…, then…” statement; use
the fact, in mathematical and everyday settings, that
the contrapositive is logically equivalent to the
original while the inverse and converse are not.
L4.3 Proof
L4.3.1 Know the basic structure for the proof of an
“If…, then…” statement (assuming the hypothesis
and ending with the conclusion) and know that
proving the contrapositive is equivalent.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m31
m31
m32
L4.3.2 Construct proofs by contradiction; use
counterexamples, when appropriate, to disprove a
statement.
m32
L4.3.3 Explain the difference between a necessary
and a sufficient condition within the statement of a
theorem; determine the correct conclusions based
on interpreting a theorem in which necessary or
sufficient conditions in the theorem or hypothesis
are satisfied.
m12
m31
m32
Analyze the truth value of compound sentences that
include the connectives AND (conjunction), OR
(disjunction), IF-THEN (conditional), and IF AND ONLY
IF (bi-conditional) and summarize by creating truth tables.
Analyze the truth value of compound sentences that
include the connectives AND (conjunction), OR
(disjunction), IF-THEN (conditional), and IF AND ONLY
IF (bi-conditional) and summarize by creating truth tables.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Analyze the truth value of simple sentences by stating
whether a simple objective statement (closed sentence) is
true or false, or whether a statement containing pronouns
or variables (open sentence) becomes true or false upon
replacement of those pronouns or variables.
Analyze the truth value of compound sentences that
include the connectives AND (conjunction), OR
(disjunction), IF-THEN (conditional), and IF AND ONLY
IF (bi-conditional) and summarize by creating truth tables.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
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STRAND 2: ALGEBRA AND FUNCTIONS
STANDARD A1: EXPRESSIONS,
EQUATIONS, AND INEQUALITIES
Students recognize, construct, interpret, and
evaluate expressions. They fluently transform
symbolic expressions into equivalent forms. They
determine appropriate techniques for solving each
type of equation, inequality, or system of equations,
apply the techniques correctly to solve, justify the
steps in the solutions, and draw conclusions from
the solutions. They know and apply common
formulas.
A1.1 Construction, Interpretation, and
Manipulation of Expressions (linear, quadratic,
polynomial, rational, power, exponential,
logarithmic, and trigonometric)
A1.1.1 Give a verbal description of an expression
that is presented in symbolic form, write an
algebraic expression from a verbal description, and
evaluate expressions given values of the variables.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
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Rank
m7
m40
A1.1.2 Know the definitions and properties of
exponents and roots, transition fluently between
them, and apply them in algebraic expressions.
A1.1.3 Factor algebraic expressions using, for
example, greatest common factor, grouping, and
the special product identities (e.g., differences of
squares and cubes).
A1.1.4 Add, subtract, multiply, and simplify
polynomials and rational expressions (e.g., multiply
m24
m22
m37
2
(x – 1) (1 – x + 3); simplify 9x - x3x + 3)
m41
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand the basic properties and laws of exponents and
scientific notation.
Understand factoring a composite number into its prime
factors, and how to find the largest monomial factor of a
polynomial to write the polynomial as the product of the
monomial and a polynomial.
Perform addition of polynomials to express them in their
simplest form (e.g., (2a+2)+(3a-1) = 5a+1).
Perform multiplication of polynomials by understanding
the meaning of a positive, integral exponent, and using
exponents correctly when multiplying powers with like
bases.
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A1.1.5 Divide a polynomial by a monomial.
m46
A1.1.6 Transform exponential and logarithmic
expressions into equivalent forms using the
properties of exponents and logarithms including
the inverse relationship between exponents and
logarithms.
A1.1.7 Transform trigonometric expressions into
equivalent forms using basic identities such as sin
cos sin2 + cos2 =1, tan = and tan2 + 1 = sec2
Needs formula attention
A1.2 Solutions of Equations and Inequalities
(linear, quadratic, polynomial, rational, power,
exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric)
A1.2.1 Write equations and inequalities with one or
two variables to represent mathematical or applied
situations, and solve.
m24
m69
m78
m58
m7
m35
A1.2.2 Associate a given equation with a function
whose zeros are the solutions of the equation.
m35
m40
Perform division of a polynomial by a monomial by
knowing how to divide powers with like bases, use
integral exponents to express decimal numbers in scientific
notation, use the rules for the division of powers with like
bases to simplify fractions with monomial denominators,
and reduce fractions to lowest terms.
Understand the basic properties and laws of exponents and
scientific notation.
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Graph the logarithmic function and understand its
characteristics.
Be able to prove trigonometric identities and solve
equations (linear and quadratic).
Understand the use of variables in expressions such as 4x,
x+2, and 2x-1, solve for the variable, and know how to
represent expressions such as "twice the number" or "four
more than the number" using variables.
Find the solution of linear equations and inequalities
where the variable appears on both sides and in which one
or both sides must be simplified before solving the
equation (e.g., solve x+2(x-3) = -4x+5 for x).
Find the solution of linear equations and inequalities
where the variable appears on both sides and in which one
or both sides must be simplified before solving the
equation (e.g., solve x+2(x-3) = -4x+5 for x).
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
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A1.2.3 Solve (and justify steps in the solutions)
linear and quadratic equations and inequalities,
including systems of up to three linear equations
with three unknowns; apply the quadratic formula
appropriately.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m32
m35
m53
m76
m82
A1.2.4 Solve absolute value equations and
inequalities, (e.g. solve l x - 3 l ≤ 6), and justify
steps in the solution.
m32
m35
A1.2.5 Solve polynomial equations and equations
involving rational expressions (e.g. solve -2x(x2 +
4x+3) = 0; solve x - 1x + 6 = 3), and justify steps in
the solution.
m32
m53
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Find the solution of linear equations and inequalities
where the variable appears on both sides and in which one
or both sides must be simplified before solving the
equation (e.g., solve x+2(x-3) = -4x+5 for x).
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
Find the solution of quadratic equations with imaginary
roots and understand the characteristics of the roots.
Know how to find the graphic solution of systems of linear
inequalities (e.g., graph the solution set or region of the
coordinate plane common to both inequalities).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Find the solution of linear equations and inequalities
where the variable appears on both sides and in which one
or both sides must be simplified before solving the
equation (e.g., solve x+2(x-3) = -4x+5 for x).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
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A1.2.6 Solve power equations (e.g., (x + 1)3 = 8)
and equations including radical expressions (e.g.,
3x - 7 = 7), justify steps in the solution, and explain
how extraneous solutions may arise.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m24
m32
A1.2.7 Solve exponential and logarithmic equations
(e.g., 3(2x) = 24), 2 ln(x + 1) = 4), and justify steps
in the solution.
m32
m69
m78
A1.2.8 Solve an equation involving several
variables (with numerical or letter coefficients) for
a designated variable, and justify steps in the
solution.
m8
m32
m35
Understand the basic properties and laws of exponents and
scientific notation.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Graph the logarithmic function and understand its
characteristics.
Understand the correct order of operations for performing
algebraic computations.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Find the solution of linear equations and inequalities
where the variable appears on both sides and in which one
or both sides must be simplified before solving the
equation (e.g., solve x+2(x-3) = -4x+5 for x).
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A1.2.9 Know common formulas (e.g., slope,
distance between two points, quadratic formula,
compound interest, distance = velocity • time), and
apply appropriately in contextual situations.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m9
m33
m34
m61
A1.2.10 Use special values of the inverse
trigonometric functions to solve trigonometric
equations over specific intervals (e.g., 2sin x – I = 0
for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2).
m58
m73
STANDARD A2: FUNCTIONS
Students understand functions, their
representations, and their attributes. They perform
transformations, combine and compose functions,
and find inverses. Students classify functions and
know the characteristics of each family. They work
with functions with real coefficients fluently.
A2.1 Definitions, Representations, and
Attributes of Functions
A2.1.1 Recognize whether a relationship (given in
contextual, symbolic, tabular, or graphical form) is
a function; and identify its domain and range.
m5
m40
A2.1.2 Read, interpret, and use function notation,
and evaluate a function at a value in its domain.
m40
m64
Know how to compute the distance between two points
(i.e., length of a line segment) on a coordinate plane.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Understand the concepts recurrence relations and how they
are applicable to such things as compound interest and
annuity.
Be able to prove trigonometric identities and solve
equations (linear and quadratic).
Understand inverse functions as the set of ordered pairs
obtained by interchanging the first and second elements of
each pair belonging to a one-on-one function. Use one-onone functions to create symmetric figures consisting of the
graphs of a function and its inverse function.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
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A2.1.3 Represent functions in symbols, graphs,
tables, diagrams, or words, and translate among
representations.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m5
m40
A2.1.4 Recognize that functions may be defined by
different expressions over different intervals of
their domains; such functions are piecewise-defined
(e.g., absolute value and greatest integer functions).
A2.1.5 Recognize that functions may be defined
recursively, and compute values of and graph
simple recursively defined functions (e.g., f(0) = 5,
and f(n) = f(n-1) + 2 ).
m40
m40
m61
A2.1.6 Identify the zeros of a function and the
intervals where the values of a function are positive
or negative, and describe the behavior of a
function, as x approaches postive or negative
infinity, given the symbolic and graphical
representations.
m40
m48
m53
A2.1.7 Identify and interpret the key features of a
function from its graph or its formula(e), (e.g.
slope, intercept(s), asymptote(s), maximum and
minimum value(s), symmetry, average rate of
change over an interval, and periodicity).
m34
m45
m55
m59
A2.2 Operations and Transformations
A2.2.1 Combine functions by addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division.
m40
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand the concepts recurrence relations and how they
are applicable to such things as compound interest and
annuity.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand the concepts and apply the uses of functions
and limits (i.e., conduct limiting processes using functions
to investigate infinite series and sequences).
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the characteristics of maxima and minima and
be able to mathematically determine maximum and
minimum points on a graph or curve.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
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A2.2.2 Apply given transformations (e.g., vertical
or horizontal shifts, stretching or shrinking, or
reflections about the x- and y-axes) to basic
functions, and represent symbolically.
A2.2.3 Recognize whether a function (given in
tabular or graphical form) has an inverse and
3
recognize simple inverse pairs (e.g., f(x) = x and
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m55
m40
1
g(x) = x /3).
m73
A2.2.4 If a function has an inverse, find the
expression(s) for the inverse.
m73
A2.2.5 Write an expression for the composition of
one function with another; recognize component
functions when a function is a composition of other
functions.
A2.2.6 Know and interpret the function notation for
inverses and verify that two functions are inverses
using composition.
m40
m40
m73
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand inverse functions as the set of ordered pairs
obtained by interchanging the first and second elements of
each pair belonging to a one-on-one function. Use one-onone functions to create symmetric figures consisting of the
graphs of a function and its inverse function.
Understand inverse functions as the set of ordered pairs
obtained by interchanging the first and second elements of
each pair belonging to a one-on-one function. Use one-onone functions to create symmetric figures consisting of the
graphs of a function and its inverse function
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand inverse functions as the set of ordered pairs
obtained by interchanging the first and second elements of
each pair belonging to a one-on-one function. Use one-onone functions to create symmetric figures consisting of the
graphs of a function and its inverse function
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A2.3 Families of Functions (linear, quadratic,
polynomial, rational, power, exponential,
logarithmic, and trigonometric)
A2.3.1 Identify a function as a member of a family
of functions based on its symbolic, or graphical
representation; recognize that different families of
functions have different asymptotic behavior at
infinity, and describe these behaviors.
A2.3.2 Describe the tabular pattern associated with
functions having constant rate of change (linear); or
variable rates of change.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m40
m48
m34
m45
m63
A2.3.3 Write the general symbolic forms that
characterize each family of functions. (e.g., f(x) =
A0ax; f(x) = AsinBx )
m40
m64
m74
A2.4 Lines and Linear Functions
A2.4.1 Write the symbolic forms of linear functions
(standard [i.e., Ax + By = C, where B ≠ 0], pointslope, and slope-intercept) given appropriate
information, and convert between forms.
m34
m45
m64
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand the concepts and apply the uses of functions
and limits (i.e., conduct limiting processes using functions
to investigate infinite series and sequences).
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Use the process of differentiation (i.e., derivatives) to
determine tangents, maxima and minima, velocity, and
acceleration.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
Understand the trigonometric properties of the unit circle
and sketch the graphs of basic circular functions (i.e., y =
sin x, y = cos x, and y = tan x) where the measure of the
angle x is expressed in radians.
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Know how to express a linear function (e.g., y = 1/3x+5)
using the functional notation f(x) = 1/3x+5, and determine
the ordered pairs.
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A2.4.2 Graph lines (including those of the form x =
h and y = k) given appropriate information.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
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Rank
m34
m45
A2.4.3 Relate the coefficients in a linear function to
the slope and x- and y-intercepts of its graph.
m34
m45
A2.4.4 Find an equation of the line parallel or
perpendicular to given line, through a given point;
understand and use the facts that non-vertical
parallel lines have equal slopes, and that nonvertical perpendicular lines have slopes that
multiply to give -1.
A2.5 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
A2.5.1 Write the symbolic form and sketch the
graph of an exponential function given appropriate
information. (e.g., given an initial value of 4 and a
rate of growth of 1.5, write f(x) = 4 (1.5)x).
A2.5.2 Interpret the symbolic forms and recognize
the graphs of exponential and logarithmic functions
(e.g., f(x) = 10 x, f(x) = log x, f(x) = ex, f(x) = ln x);
recognize the logarithmic function as the inverse of
the exponential function.
A2.5.3 Apply properties of exponential and
logarithmic functions (e.g., ax+y = axa y; log(ab)=
log a + log b).
A2.5.4 Understand and use the fact that the base of
an exponential function determines whether the
function increases or decreases and understand how
the base affects the rate of growth or decay.
A2.5.5 Relate exponential and logarithmic
functions to real phenomena, including half-life and
doubling time.
m2
m34
m45
m69
m69
m78
m69
m78
m69
m69
m78
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Understand the characteristics of parallel, perpendicular,
and intersecting lines.
Know the equation for the slope of a line and compute
slope given the coordinates of two points.
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Graph the logarithmic function and understand its
characteristics.
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Graph the logarithmic function and understand its
characteristics.
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Graph the logarithmic function and understand its
characteristics.
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A2.6 Quadratic Functions
A2.6.1 Write the symbolic form and sketch the
graph of a quadratic function given appropriate
information (e.g., vertex, intercepts, etc.).
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
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m53
m55
A2.6.2 Identify the elements of a parabola (vertex,
axis of symmetry, direction of opening) given its
symbolic form or its graph, and relate these
elements to the coefficient(s) of the symbolic form
of the function.
A2.6.3 Convert quadratic functions from standard
to vertex form by completing the square.
m40
m55
m40
m53
A2.6.4 Relate the number of real solutions of a
quadratic equation to the graph of the associated
quadratic function.
A2.6.5 Express quadratic functions in vertex form
to identify their maxima or minima, and in factored
form to identify their zeros.
m53
m76
m53
m59
A2.7 Power Functions (including roots, cubics,
quartics, etc.)
A2.7.1 Write the symbolic form and sketch the
graph of power functions.
m24
m40
A2.7.2 Express direct and inverse relationships as
functions (e.g., y = kxn and y = kx-n, n > 0) and
recognize their characteristics (e.g., in y = x3, note
that doubling x results in multiplying y by a factor
of 8).
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
Find the solution of quadratic equations with imaginary
roots and understand the characteristics of the roots.
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
Understand the characteristics of maxima and minima and
be able to mathematically determine maximum and
minimum points on a graph or curve.
Understand the basic properties and laws of exponents and
scientific notation.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Solve and graphically sketch problems involving two
variables that exhibit direct and indirect variation.
m81
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A2.7.3 Analyze the graphs of power functions,
noting reflectional or rotational symmetry.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m5
m55
A2.8 Polynomial Functions
A2.8.1 Write the symbolic form and sketch the
graph of simple polynomial functions.
m23
m45
m55
A2.8.2 Understand the effects of degree, leading
coefficient, and number of real zeros on the graphs
of polynomial functions of degree greater than 2.
m24
m55
A2.8.3 Determine the maximum possible number
of zeros of a polynomial function, and understand
the relationship between the x-intercepts of the
graph and the factored form of the function.
A2.9 Rational Functions
A2.9.1 Write the symbolic form and sketch the
graph of simple rational functions.
m53
m46
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Know the components and properties of the rectangular
coordinate system, (i.e., x - y axis, origin, quadrants,
abscissa (x-coordinate) and ordinate (y-coordinate), and
the general representation of a point (x,y)).
Know the equation of a line and interpret graphically using
the slope-intercept form (i.e., y = mx+b), and the pointslope form (i.e., y-b = m(x-a)).
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the basic properties and laws of exponents and
scientific notation.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
Perform division of a polynomial by a monomial by
knowing how to divide powers with like bases, use
integral exponents to express decimal numbers in scientific
notation, use the rules for the division of powers with like
bases to simplify fractions with monomial denominators,
and reduce fractions to lowest terms.
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A2.9.2 Analyze graphs of simple rational functions
(e.g., 2x + 1x - 1xx2 - 4;f(x) = g(x) = ) and
understand the relationship between the zeros of the
numerator and denominator and the function’s
intercepts, asymptotes, and domain.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m40
m48
m53
A2.10 Trigonometric Functions
A2.10.1 Use the unit circle to define sine and
cosine; approximate values of sine and cosine (e.g.,
sin 3, or cos 0.5); use sine and cosine to define the
remaining trigonometric functions; explain why the
trigonometric functions are periodic.
m32
m74
A2.10.2 Use the relationship between degree and
radian measures to solve problems.
A2.10.3 Use the unit circle to determine the exact
values of sine and cosine, for integer multiples of ⁄6
and ⁄4.
m74
m74
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand the concepts and apply the uses of functions
and limits (i.e., conduct limiting processes using functions
to investigate infinite series and sequences).
Apply the zero property of multiplication to find the
solution of quadratic equations.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand the trigonometric properties of the unit circle
and sketch the graphs of basic circular functions (i.e., y =
sin x, y = cos x, and y = tan x) where the measure of the
angle x is expressed in radians.
Understand the trigonometric properties of the unit circle
and sketch the graphs of basic circular functions (i.e., y =
sin x, y = cos x, and y = tan x) where the measure of the
angle x is expressed in radians.
Understand the trigonometric properties of the unit circle
and sketch the graphs of basic circular functions (i.e., y =
sin x, y = cos x, and y = tan x) where the measure of the
angle x is expressed in radians.
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A2.10.4 Graph the sine and cosine functions;
analyze graphs by noting domain, range, period,
amplitude, andlocation of maxima and minima.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m5
m40
m59
m74
A2.10.5 Graph transformations of basic
trigonometric functions (involving changes in
period, amplitude, and midline) and understand the
relationship between constants in the formula and
the transformed graph.
m5
m55
m74
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand appropriate terminology used to define
relations and functions and their properties (e.g., domain,
range, function composition, inverses, etc.).
Understand the characteristics of maxima and minima and
be able to mathematically determine maximum and
minimum points on a graph or curve.
Understand the trigonometric properties of the unit circle
and sketch the graphs of basic circular functions (i.e., y =
sin x, y = cos x, and y = tan x) where the measure of the
angle x is expressed in radians.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the trigonometric properties of the unit circle
and sketch the graphs of basic circular functions (i.e., y =
sin x, y = cos x, and y = tan x) where the measure of the
angle x is expressed in radians.
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Math – Page 66
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National Rankings
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MEAP
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STANDARD A3: MATHEMATICAL
MODELING
Students construct or select a function to model a
real-world situation in order to solve applied
problems. They draw on their knowledge of
families of functions to do so.
A3.1 Models of Real-world Situations Using
Families of Functions.
A3.1.1 Identify the family of function best suited
for modeling a given real-world situation (e.g.,
quadratic functions for motion of an object under
the force of gravity; exponential functions for
compound interest; trigonometric functions for
periodic phenomena. In the example above,
recognize that the appropriate general function is
exponential (P = P0at)
m33
m69
m74
A3.1.2 Adapt the general symbolic form of a
function to one that fits the specifications of a given
situation by using the information to replace
arbitrary constants with numbers. In the example
above, substitute the given values P0 = 300 and a =
1.02 to obtain P = 300(1.02)t.
m33
m69
m74
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Understand the trigonometric properties of the unit circle
and sketch the graphs of basic circular functions (i.e., y =
sin x, y = cos x, and y = tan x) where the measure of the
angle x is expressed in radians.
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Understand the trigonometric properties of the unit circle
and sketch the graphs of basic circular functions (i.e., y =
sin x, y = cos x, and y = tan x) where the measure of the
angle x is expressed in radians.
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A3.1.3 Using the adapted general symbolic form,
draw reasonable conclusions about the situation
being modeled. In the example above, the exact
solution is 365.698, but for this problem an
appropriate approximation is 365.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m32
m69
m74
A3.1.4 Use methods of linear programming to
represent and solve simple real-life problems.
NA
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Graph the exponential function and understand its
characteristics.
Understand the trigonometric properties of the unit circle
and sketch the graphs of basic circular functions (i.e., y =
sin x, y = cos x, and y = tan x) where the measure of the
angle x is expressed in radians.
There is no essential skill which matches this benchmark.
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Math – Page 68
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STRAND 3: GEOMETRY AND
TRIGONOMETRY
STANDARD G1: FIGURES AND THEIR
PROPERTIES
Students represent basic geometric figures,
polygons, and conic sections and apply their
definitions and properties in solving problems and
justifying arguments, including constructions and
representations in the coordinate plane. Students
represent three-dimensional figures, understand the
concepts of volume and surface area, and use them
to solve problems. They know and apply properties
of common three-dimensional figures.
G1.1 Lines and Angles; Basic Euclidean and
Coordinate Geometry
G1.1.1 Solve multi-step problems and construct
proofs involving vertical angles, linear pairs of
angles supplementary angles, complementary
angles, and right angles.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m4
m32
G1.1.2 Solve multi-step problems and construct
proofs involving corresponding angles, alternate
interior angles, alternate exterior angles, and sameside (consecutive) interior angles.
m2
m4
m32
Understand the characteristics and terminology of angles,
e.g., degree measure, classification of angles by measure
(acute, right, obtuse, and straight), supplementary and
complementary angles, and vertical angles.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand the characteristics of parallel, perpendicular,
and intersecting lines.
Understand the characteristics and terminology of angles,
e.g., degree measure, classification of angles by measure
(acute, right, obtuse, and straight), supplementary and
complementary angles, and vertical angles.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
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G1.1.3 Perform and justify constructions, including
midpoint of a line segment and bisector of an angle,
using straightedge and compass.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
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Rank
m28
m32
G1.1.4 Given a line and a point, construct a line
through the point that is parallel to the original line
using straightedge and compass; given a line and a
point, construct a line through the point that is
perpendicular to the original line; justify the steps
of the constructions.
m2
m28
m32
G1.1.5 Given a line segment in terms of its
endpoints in the coordinate plane, determine its
length and midpoint.
G1.1.6 Recognize Euclidean Geometry as an axiom
system; know the key axioms and understand the
meaning of and distinguish between undefined
terms (e.g., point, line, plane), axioms, definitions,
and theorems.
m9
m38
m2
m6
m32
Use geometric methods (e.g., an unmarked straightedge
and compass) to complete basic geometric constructions
(e.g., perpendicular bisector of a line segment, angle
bisector, etc.).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand the characteristics of parallel, perpendicular,
and intersecting lines.
Use geometric methods (e.g., an unmarked straightedge
and compass) to complete basic geometric constructions
(e.g., perpendicular bisector of a line segment, angle
bisector, etc.).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Know how to compute the distance between two points
(i.e., length of a line segment) on a coordinate plane.
Know how to compute the midpoint of a line segment
between two points on a coordinate plane.
Understand the characteristics of parallel, perpendicular,
and intersecting lines.
Understand the characteristics and applications of the
undefined terms of geometry (i.e., point, line, and plane).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
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H
H
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Math – Page 70
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High School
G1.2 Triangles and Their Properties
G1.2.1 Prove that the angle sum of a triangle is
180° and that an exterior angle of a triangle is the
sum of the two remote interior angles.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m14
m32
G1.2.2 Construct and justify arguments and solve
multi-step problems involving angle measure, side
length, perimeter, and area of all types of triangles.
m13
m32
G1.2.3 Know a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem
and use the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse
to solve multi-step problems.
m21
m32
G1.2.4 Prove and use the relationships among the
side lengths and the angles of 30º- 60º- 90º
triangles and 45º- 45º- 90º triangles.
m16
m32
Understand the angle relationships in triangles (i.e., acute,
obtuse, right, interior, and exterior).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Use the Pythagorean theorem to compute side lengths of
right triangles.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand the properties and classification of triangles by
sides (i.e., scalene, isosceles, and equilateral).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
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G1.2.5 Solve multi-step problems and construct
proofs about the properties of medians, altitudes,
and perpendicular bisectors to the sides of a
triangle, and the angle bisectors of a triangle; using
a straightedge and compass, construct these lines.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m28
m32
G1.3 Triangles and Trigonometry
G1.3.1 Define the sine, cosine, and tangent of acute
angles in a right triangle as ratios of sides; solve
problems about angles, side lengths, or areas using
trigonometric ratios in right triangles.
G1.3.2 Know and use the Law of Sines and the
Law of Cosines and use them to solve problems;
find the area of a triangle with sides a and b and
included angleusing the formula Area = (1/2) a b
sin.
G1.3.3 Determine the exact values of sine, cosine,
and tangent for 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and their integer
multiples, and apply in various contexts.
m18
m57
m54
m18
m57
Use geometric methods (e.g., an unmarked straightedge
and compass) to complete basic geometric constructions
(e.g., perpendicular bisector of a line segment, angle
bisector, etc.).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Know the basic trigonometric functions and ratios.
Understand the concepts of right triangle trigonometry and
solve right triangles using basic trigonometric ratios (sine,
cosine, tangent).
Perform the general solution of triangles by using the law
of sines and law of cosines to obtain the angle and side
length measurements of any triangle.
Know the basic trigonometric functions and ratios.
Understand the concepts of right triangle trigonometry and
solve right triangles using basic trigonometric ratios (sine,
cosine, tangent).
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G1.4 Quadrilaterals and Their Properties
G1.4.1 Solve multi-step problems and construct
proofs involving angle measure, side length,
diagonal length, perimeter, and area of squares,
rectangles, parallelograms, kites, and trapezoids.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m13
m26
m27
m32
G1.4.2 Solve multi-step problems and construct
proofs involving quadrilaterals (e.g., prove that the
diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular) using
Euclidean methods or coordinate geometry.
m27
m32
G1.4.3 Describe and justify hierarchical
relationships among quadrilaterals, (e.g. every
rectangle is a parallelogram).
m27
m32
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Understand the properties and classification of polygons
(e.g., triangle, quadrilaterals, pentagon, hexagon, etc.) as
well as knowledge of geometric shapes.
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
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G1.4.4 Prove theorems about the interior and
exterior angle sums of a quadrilateral.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m27
m32
G1.4.5 Understand the definition of a cyclic
quadrilateral, and know and use the basic properties
of cyclic quadrilaterals.
G1.5 Other Polygons and Their Properties
G1.5.1 Know and use subdivision or
circumscription methods to find areas of polygons
(e.g., regular octagon, non-regular pentagon).
m27
m13
m30
G1.5.2 Know, justify, and use formulas for the
perimeter and area of a regular n-gon and formulas
to find interior and exterior angles of a regular ngon and their sums.
m13
m26
m32
G1.6 Circles and Their Properties
G1.6.1 Solve multi-step problems involving
circumference and area of circles.
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Know how to measure circle quantities (e.g., area, angle
formed by two secants, circumference, length of segments,
etc.).
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Understand the properties and classification of polygons
(e.g., triangle, quadrilaterals, pentagon, hexagon, etc.) as
well as knowledge of geometric shapes.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
m10
Understand the properties of circles (e.g., radius, arc,
diameter, chord, secant, tangent, etc.)
m30
Know how to measure circle quantities (e.g., area, angle
formed by two secants, circumference, length of segments,
etc.)
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G1.6.2 Solve problems and justify arguments about
chords (e.g., if a line through the center of a circle
is perpendicular to a chord, it bisects the chord) and
lines tangent to circles (e.g., a line tangent to a
circle is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the
point of tangency).
G1.6.3 Solve problems and justify arguments about
central angles, inscribed angles and triangles in
circles.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m10
m32
m10
m30
m32
G1.6.4 Know and use properties of arcs and
sectors, and find lengths of arcs and areas of
sectors.
m10
m30
G1.7 Conic Sections and Their Properties
G.1.7.1 Find an equation of a circle given its center
and radius; given the equation of a circle, find its
center and radius.
m10
m86
G1.7.2 Identify and distinguish among geometric
representations of parabolas, circles, ellipses, and
hyperbolas; describe their symmetries, and explain
how they are related to cones.
m86
Understand the properties of circles (e.g., radius, arc,
diameter, chord, secant, tangent, etc.).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand the properties of circles (e.g., radius, arc,
diameter, chord, secant, tangent, etc.).
Know how to measure circle quantities (e.g., area, angle
formed by two secants, circumference, length of segments,
etc.).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Understand the properties of circles (e.g., radius, arc,
diameter, chord, secant, tangent, etc.).
Know how to measure circle quantities (e.g., area, angle
formed by two secants, circumference, length of segments,
etc.).
Understand the properties of circles (e.g., radius, arc,
diameter, chord, secant, tangent, etc.).
Know how to graphically sketch basic conic sections (e.g.,
circles and parabolas) using their equations, and
graphically solve systems of equations.
Know how to graphically sketch basic conic sections (e.g.,
circles and parabolas) using their equations, and
graphically solve systems of equations.
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G1.7.3 Graph ellipses and hyperbolas with axes
parallel to the x- and y-axes, given equations.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m23
m86
G1.7.4 Know and use the relationship between the
vertices and foci in an ellipse, the vertices and foci
in a hyperbola, and the directrix and focus in a
parabola; interpret these relationships in applied
contexts.
G1.8 Three- Dimensional Figures
G1.8.1 Solve multi-step problems involving surface
area and volume of pyramids, prisms, cones,
cylinders, hemispheres, and spheres.
G1.8.2 Identify symmetries of pyramids, prisms,
cones, cylinders, hemispheres, and spheres.
m86
m13
m17
m29
m55
STANDARD G2: RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN FIGURES
Students use and justify relationships between
lines, angles, area and volume formulas, and 2- and
3-dimensional representations. They solve
problems and provide proofs about congruence and
similarity.
G2.1 Relationships Between Area and Volume
Formulas
G2.1.1 Know and demonstrate the relationships
between the area formula of a triangle, the area
formula of a parallelogram, and the area formula of
a trapezoid.
m13
m26
Know the components and properties of the rectangular
coordinate system, (i.e., x - y axis, origin, quadrants,
abscissa (x-coordinate) and ordinate (y-coordinate), and
the general representation of a point (x,y)).
Know how to graphically sketch basic conic sections (e.g.,
circles and parabolas) using their equations, and
graphically solve systems of equations.
Know how to graphically sketch basic conic sections (e.g.,
circles and parabolas) using their equations, and
graphically solve systems of equations.
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Compute the volume of three-dimensional figures (solids).
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Understand the properties and classification of polygons
(e.g., triangle, quadrilaterals, pentagon, hexagon, etc.) as
well as knowledge of geometric shapes.
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H
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G2.1.2 Know and demonstrate the relationships
between the area formulas of various quadrilaterals
(e.g., explain how to find the area of a trapezoid
based on the areas of parallelograms and triangles).
G2.1.3 Know and use the relationship between the
volumes of pyramids and prisms (of equal base and
height) and cones and cylinders (of equal base and
height).
G2.2 Relationships Between Two-dimensional
and Three-dimensional Representations
G2.2.1 Identify or sketch a possible 3-dimensional
figure, given 2-dimensional views (e.g., nets,
multiple views); create a 2-dimensional
representation of a 3-dimensional figure.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m13
m27
m17
m29
m26
m29
m30
G2.2.2 Identify or sketch cross-sections of 3dimensional figures; identify or sketch solids
formed by revolving 2-dimensional figures around
lines.
G2.3 Congruence and Similarity
G2.3.1 Prove that triangles are congruent using the
SSS, SAS, ASA, and AAS criteria, and for right
triangles, the hypotenuse-leg criterion.
m29
m32
m49
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Understand the properties and classification of
quadrilaterals by orientation (e.g., parallelogram,
rectangle, rhombus, square, and trapezoid).
Compute the volume of three-dimensional figures (solids).
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Understand the properties and classification of polygons
(e.g., triangle, quadrilaterals, pentagon, hexagon, etc.) as
well as knowledge of geometric shapes.
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Know how to measure circle quantities (e.g., area, angle
formed by two secants, circumference, length of segments,
etc.).
Know the classification and properties of solid figures
such as prisms, rectangular solids, pyramids, right circular
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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H
H
H
Math – Page 77
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High School
G2.3.2 Use theorems about congruent triangles to
prove additional theorems and solve problems, with
and without use of coordinates.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m23
m32
m49
G2.3.3 Prove that triangles are similar by using
SSS, SAS, and AA conditions for similarity.
m32
m49
G2.3.4 Use theorems about similar triangles to
solve problems with and without use of
coordinates.
m23
m32
m49
Know the components and properties of the rectangular
coordinate system, (i.e., x - y axis, origin, quadrants,
abscissa (x-coordinate) and ordinate (y-coordinate), and
the general representation of a point (x,y)).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Know the components and properties of the rectangular
coordinate system, (i.e., x - y axis, origin, quadrants,
abscissa (x-coordinate) and ordinate (y-coordinate), and
the general representation of a point (x,y)).
Use direct proof and indirect proof sequencing techniques
to reach a conclusion. Direct proof uses the Laws of
Reasoning to create an orderly arrangement of steps
leading to a conclusion. Indirect proof uses an initial
assumption that the conclusion is false, and through a
series of logically sound reasoning steps the statement may
be proved otherwise.
Apply transformation concepts to understand and create
congruent and similar figures.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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H
H
H
Math – Page 78
Michigan Mathematics
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High School
G2.3.5 Know and apply the theorem stating that the
effect of a scale factor of k relating one two
dimensional figure to another or one three
dimensional figure to another, on the length, area,
and volume of the figures is to multiply each by k,
k2, and k3, respectively.
STANDARD G3: TRANSFORMATIONS OF
FIGURES IN THE PLANE
Students will solve problems about distancepreserving transformations and shape-preserving
transformations. The transformations will be
described synthetically and, in simple cases, by
analytic expressions in coordinates.
G3.1 Distance-preserving Transformations:
Isometries
G3.1.1 Define reflection, rotation, translation, and
glide reflection and find the image of a figure under
a given isometry.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m13
m17
m33
m55
m75
G3.1.2 Given two figures that are images of each
other under an isometry, find the isometry and
describe it completely.
m55
m75
G3.1.3 Find the image of a figure under the
composition of two or more isometries, and
determine whether the resulting figure is a
reflection, rotation, translation, or glide reflection
image of the original figure.
G3.2 Shape-preserving Transformations:
Dilations and Isometries
G3.2.1 Know the definition of dilation, and find the
image of a figure under a given dilation.
m55
m75
m55
Compute the perimeter and area of two-dimensional
figures.
Compute the volume of three-dimensional figures (solids).
Use the technique of dimensional analysis to convert units
of measure (e.g., convert km/hr to m/min) including
drawing to scale and applying ratios. Understand and use
various techniques for estimating, making and converting
measure; and using these to perform dimensional analysis.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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M
M
M
Math – Page 79
Michigan Mathematics
Standards/Benchmarks
High School
G3.2.2 Given two figures that are images of each
other under some dilation, identify the center and
magnitude of the dilation.
G3.2.3 Find the image of a figure under the
composition of a dilation and an isometry.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m55
m55
m75
STRAND 4: STATISTICS AND
PROBABILITY
STANDARD S1: UNIVARIATE DATAEXAMINING DISTRIBUTIONS
Students plot and analyze univariate data by
considering the shape of distributions and
analyzing outliers; they find and interpret
commonly-used measures of center and variation;
and they explain and use properties of the normal
distribution.
S1.1 Producing and Interpreting Plots
S1.1.1 Construct and interpret dot plots,
histograms, relative frequency histograms, bar
graphs, basic control charts, and box plots with
appropriate labels and scales; determine which
kinds of plots are appropriate for different types of
data; compare data sets and interpret differences
based on graphs and summary statistics.
S1.1.2 Given a distribution of a variable in a data
set, describe its shape, including symmetry or
skewness, and state how the shape is related to
measures of center (mean and median) and
measures of variation (range and standard
deviation) with particular attention to the effects of
outliers on these measures.
m5
m15
m36
m5
m15
m36
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the concepts of symmetry and transformations
and graphically apply line reflections, rotation,
translations, and dilation.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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M
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H
Math – Page 80
Michigan Mathematics
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High School
S1.2 Measures of Center and Variation
S1.2.1 Calculate and interpret measures of center
including: mean, median, and mode; explain uses,
advantages and disadvantages of each measure
given a particular set of data and its context.
S1.2.2 Estimate the position of the mean, median,
and mode in both symmetrical and skewed
distributions, and from a frequency distribution or
histogram.
S1.2.3 Compute and interpret measures of
variation, including percentiles, quartiles,
interquartile range, variance, and standard
deviation.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m5
m15
m5
m15
m36
m42
S1.3 The Normal Distribution
S1.3.1 Explain the concept of distribution and the
relationship between summary statistics for a data
set and parameters of a distribution.
m36
m42
S1.3.2 Describe characteristics of the normal
distribution, including its shape and the
relationships among its mean, median, and mode.
m5
m15
S1.3.3 Know and use the fact that about 68%, 95%,
and 99.7% of the data lie within one, two, and three
standard deviations of the mean, respectively in a
normal distribution.
S1.3.4 Calculate z-scores, use z-scores to recognize
outliers, and use z-scores to make informed
decisions.
m36
m36
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Understand the concepts and applications of quartiles (i.e.,
distributing groups into four equal frequencies) and
percentiles (i.e., distributing individuals into one-hundred
groups of equal frequency).
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Understand the concepts and applications of quartiles (i.e.,
distributing groups into four equal frequencies) and
percentiles (i.e., distributing individuals into one-hundred
groups of equal frequency).
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of central
tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode).
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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H
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M
H
M
M
Math – Page 81
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High School
STANDARD S2: BIVARIATE DATA –
EXAMINING RELATIONSHIPS
Students plot and interpret bivariate data by
constructing scatterplots, recognizing linear and
nonlinear patterns, and interpreting correlation
coefficients; they fit and interpret regression
models, using technology as appropriate.
S2.1 Scatterplots and Correlation
S2.1.1 Construct a scatterplot for a bivariate data
set with appropriate labels and scales.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m5
S2.1.2 Given a scatterplot, identify patterns,
clusters, and outliers; recognize no correlation,
weak correlation, and strong correlation.
S2.1.3 Estimate and interpret Pearson’s correlation
coefficient for a scatterplot of a bivariate data set;
recognize that correlation measures the strength of
linear association.
S2.1.4 Differentiate between correlation and
causation; know that a strong correlation does not
imply a cause-and-effect relationship; recognize the
role of lurking variables in correlation.
S2.2 Linear Regression
S2.2.1 For bivariate data which appear to form a
linear pattern, find the least squares regression line
by estimating visually and by calculating the
equation of the regression line; interpret the slope
of the equation for a regression line.
m36
S2.2.2 Use the equation of the least squares
regression line to make appropriate predictions.
m5
m5
m5
m5
m5
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristics of measures of dispersion
(i.e., range, mean deviation, variance, and standard
deviation).
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
MEAP
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H
H
H
H
H
Math – Page 82
Michigan Mathematics
Standards/Benchmarks
High School
STANDARD S3: SAMPLES, SURVEYS, AND
EXPERIMENTS
Students understand and apply sampling and
various sampling methods, examine surveys and
experiments, identify bias in methods of conducting
surveys, and learn strategies to minimize bias. They
understand basic principles of good experimental
design.
S3.1 Data Collection and Analysis
S3.1.1 Know the meanings of a sample from a
population and a census of a population, and
distinguish between sample statistics and
population parameters.
S3.1.2 Identify possible sources of bias in data
collection and sampling methods and simple
experiments; describe how such bias can be
reduced and controlled by random sampling;
explain the impact of such bias on conclusions
made from analysis of the data; and know the effect
of replication on the precision of estimates.
S3.1.3 Distinguish between an observational study
and an experimental study, and identify, in context,
the conclusions that can be drawn from each.
S3.1.4 Design simple experiments or investigations
to collect data to answer questions of interest;
interpret and present results.
S3.1.5 Understand methods of sampling, including
random sampling, stratified sampling, and
convenience samples, and be able to determine, in
context, the advantages and disadvantages of each.
S3.1.6 Explain the importance of randomization,
double-blind protocols, replication, and the placebo
effect in designing experiments and interpreting the
results of studies.
S3.2.1 Explain the basic ideas of statistical process
control, including recording data from a process
over time.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m5
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
MEAP
11th Grade
Curriculum
Survey
Priority
H
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
m5
m5
m5
m5
m5
m66b
m5
H
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the concepts and theories of random
distribution.
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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H
H
H
H
Math – Page 83
Michigan Mathematics
Standards/Benchmarks
High School
S3.2.2 Read and interpret basic control charts;
detect patterns and departures from patterns.
STANDARD S4: PROBABILITY MODELS
AND PROBABILITY CALCULATION
Students understand probability and find
probabilities in various situations, including those
involving compound events, using diagrams, tables,
geometric models and counting strategies; they
apply the concepts of probability to make
decisions.
S4.1 Probability
S4.1.1 Understand and construct sample spaces in
simple situations (e.g., tossing two coins, rolling
two number cubes and summing the results).
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m5
m20
m25
S4.1.2 Define mutually exclusive events,
independent events, dependent events, compound
events, complementary events and conditional
probabilities; and use the definitions to compute
probabilities.
m20
m25
m56
Understand the best procedures for statistical data
collection, organization, and display including making
estimates and predictions and drawing inferences.
Understand the characteristic differences between
theoretical and empirical probability (e.g., the theoretic
probability of rolling a six and a die is 1/6; empirical
probability is derived from repeated experimentation or
accumulated statistics).
Determine the probability of single and compound events
using the basic premise that the probability of an event is
equal to the number of ways it can occur divided by the
total number of outcomes.
Understand the characteristic differences between
theoretical and empirical probability (e.g., the theoretic
probability of rolling a six and a die is 1/6; empirical
probability is derived from repeated experimentation or
accumulated statistics).
Determine the probability of single and compound events
using the basic premise that the probability of an event is
equal to the number of ways it can occur divided by the
total number of outcomes.
Use the Counting Principle to determine the probability of
events occurring jointly (e.g., if one activity can occur in
any of m ways and another in any one of n ways, then the
total number of ways both activities can occur is mn).
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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S4.1.3 Design and carry out an appropriate
simulation using random digits to estimate answers
to questions about probability; estimate
probabilities using results of a simulation; compare
results of simulations to theoretical probabilities.
Curriculum Survey of Essential Skills
National Rankings
Rank
m20
m25
S4.2 Application and Representation
S4.2.1 Compute probabilities of events using tree
diagrams, formulas for combinations and
permutations, Venn diagrams, or other counting
techniques.
m20
m25
m43
m66a
S4.2.2 Apply probability concepts to practical
situations, in such settings as finance, health,
ecology, or epidemiology, to make informed
decisions.
m20
m25
Understand the characteristic differences between
theoretical and empirical probability (e.g., the theoretic
probability of rolling a six and a die is 1/6; empirical
probability is derived from repeated experimentation or
accumulated statistics).
Determine the probability of single and compound events
using the basic premise that the probability of an event is
equal to the number of ways it can occur divided by the
total number of outcomes.
Understand the characteristic differences between
theoretical and empirical probability (e.g., the theoretic
probability of rolling a six and a die is 1/6; empirical
probability is derived from repeated experimentation or
accumulated statistics).
Determine the probability of single and compound events
using the basic premise that the probability of an event is
equal to the number of ways it can occur divided by the
total number of outcomes.
Know how to determine combinations (i.e., the various
grouping a set may be arranged in without regard to order).
Know how to determine permutations (i.e., arrangements
of a set where order matters).
Understand the characteristic differences between
theoretical and empirical probability (e.g., the theoretic
probability of rolling a six and a die is 1/6; empirical
probability is derived from repeated experimentation or
accumulated statistics).
Determine the probability of single and compound events
using the basic premise that the probability of an event is
equal to the number of ways it can occur divided by the
total number of outcomes.
Copyright © 2006 International Center for Leadership in Education
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11th Grade
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H
H
Math – Page 85