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Basic Electricity & Magneto Ignition In order to understand the operation of the Ignition system on a small engine, we must understand Basic Electricity! What is electricity ? The movement of free electrons through a conductor ! What are Electrons ? Electrons are part of a Atom! What is an Atom ? Atoms are everything around you! Atoms consist of : Protons – positively charged Neutrons – neutral charge Electrons – negatively charged Basic Electricity & Magneto Ignition Simple Circuits, Conductors, and Insulators Simple Circuits! – must have a Power source, conductor and a load. Conductors ! - are materials that allow the flow of “free electrons” to move from atom to atom easily! Examples of conductors: gold, silver, copper, aluminum Insulators ! - are materials that do not allow the flow of “free electrons” Examples of insulators: air, plastics, silicon, porcelain Basic Electricity & Magneto Ignition Methods of producing Electricity Heat Light Static Chemical Magnetism Laws and Rules of Magnetism #1 Unlike Poles (North, South) attract !, Like Poles Repel ! #2 A moving magnetic passing a wire in a complete circuit creates electron movement within that wire (Electricity) Factors that determine amount of electrical current created - Speed of the moving magnetic field - Strenght of the magnetic field - Size and type of conductor #3 Electron flow in a wire creates a magnetic field around that wire (Electro Magnets) Basic Electricity & Magneto Ignition Electricity Terminology Voltage: -electrical pressure or force behind the electron movement, -measured in Volts ( V or E ) Amperage: -measurement of electron flow -measured in Amps ( A or I ) -6.28 x 10(18th) electrons past a single point in one second = 1 Amp Resistance: Ohms Law: -opposition to current flow -measured in Ohms ( R or ) Basic Electricity & Magneto Ignition Creating the Magneto Ignition ! Important Measurements and Adjustments ! ! !Breaker !Armature Spark Plug Point AirGap Gap Gap!!! Basic Electricity & Magneto Ignition The Complete Magneto Cycle a) – Magnet approaches the armature, lines of force cut across the windings , causing current flow in the primary circuit. b) – Electron flow creates a magnetic field around the windings. c) – Piston arrives at TDC on the compression stroke, breaker points open d) – Primary circuit is broken causing the magnetic field to collapse very FAST! e) –Collapsing lines of force cut across the secondary winding, causing HIGH electrical current to be induced in the circuit f) – High electron current causes a spark to jump across the spark plug gap. Basic Electricity & Magneto Ignition Other discussion topics High Spark Tension PlugsFlywheel leads – reach, – solid, Key temp carbon, rating silicon