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Historical Overview of European Integration EMMANUEL BRUNET-JAILLY [email protected] The European Union – today EU 28 Member States of the European Union Candidate countries and potential candidates Historical Overview of European Integration 1945-59 Peaceful Europe/starting cooperation 1960-69 – Economic growth 1970-79 – A growing community – first enlargement 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers 2000-09 – Further expansion 2010 – today – A decade of challenges Six_Member states - 1951 Historical Overview of European Integration 1945-59 Peaceful Europe/starting cooperation The IIWW Council of Europe/six want to go further 1950 Robert Schuman proposes deeper cooperation (May 9 Europe Day) 1951 - Coal and Steel communities 1957 – expand cooperation in Atomic energy and other economic sectors – Treaty of Rome creates the Common Market (European Economic Community) Free movement of people, goods and services Historical Overview of European Integration 1960-69 – Economic growth 1962 – Common Agriculture Policy – to grow enough food across the members to be self sufficient 1963 – Partnership with Africa, Caribbean and Pacific – links development and human rights 1968 – Custom duties – world largest trading group Historical Overview of European Integration 1945-59 – A peaceful Europe – Starting cooperation 1960-69 – Economic growth 1970-79 – A growing community/first enlargement 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers 2000-09 – Further expansion 2010 – today – A decade of challenges 9_Member states -1973 Historical Overview of European Integration 1970-79 – A growing community/first enlargement 1972 – Single Currency – Le ‘Serpent Monétaire Européen’ – or European Rate Mechanism (ERM) (baby euro) 1973 – Denmark, Ireland and UK join-in 1974 European Regional Development Funds 1979 European Parliament directly elected (first panEuropean groups: socialist, conservative, liberal, greens) Historical Overview of European Integration 1945-59 – A peaceful Europe – Starting cooperation 1960-69 – Economic growth 1970-79 – A growing community – first enlargement 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers 2000-09 – Further expansion 2010 – today – A decade of challenges 10_Member states - 1981 12_Member states - 1986 Historical Overview of European Integration 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall 1981 Greece – a new member 1984 – first research and development programs 1986 – Portugal and Spain join-in 1986 – Single European Act –takes-on the weaknesses of the EEC (Common Market) to further integration: core institutions are empowered. 1987 – Erasmus policies – 2 million students study away from home 1989 – fall of Berlin wall – East and West Germany join Historical Overview of European Integration 1945-59 – A peaceful Europe – Starting cooperation 1960-69 – Economic growth 1970-79 – A growing community – first enlargement 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers 2000-09 – Further expansion 2010 – today – A decade of challenges 15_Member states - 1995 Historical Overview of European Integration 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers 1992 Treaty of European Union (Maastricht): single currency (EURO), foreign and security policy, justice and home affairs. The European Union exists: Anthem: http://europa.eu/about-eu/basicinformation/symbols/anthem/index_en.htm Moto Flag The EU symbols The motto: United in diversity The euro The European anthem The European flag Europe Day, 9 May Historical Overview of European Integration 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers 1993 - Single market: four freedoms: goods, services, people and money 1995 – Austria, Finland and Sweden 1995 – Schengen - no passports 1997 – New reforms of EU with Amsterdam – employment and human rights 1999 – the Euro is introduced Historical Overview of European Integration 1945-59 – A peaceful Europe – Starting cooperation 1960-69 – Economic growth 1970-79 – A growing community – first enlargement 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers 2000-09 – Further expansion 2010 – today – A decade of challenges 25_Member states - 2004 27_Member states 2007 Historical Overview of European Integration 2000-09 – Further expansion 2002 - Euro notes and coins arrive 2003 - Expansion of EU citizen rights (freedom, security and justice) 2004 – eight new countries join-in – EU 25! 2007 – two additional countries join-in – EU 27! 2007 – Lisbon treaty – enhances democratic principles and regroup all treaties – a ‘failed’ constitutional treaty. 2008 – economic crisis! Historical Overview of European Integration 1945-59 – A peaceful Europe – Starting cooperation 1960-69 – Economic growth 1970-79 – A growing community – first enlargement 1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall 1990-99 – Europe without frontiers 2000-09 – Further expansion 2010 – today – A decade of challenges Historical Overview of European Integration 2010 – today – A decade of challenges 2011 – EU adopts Euro Plus Pact / economic coordination / ability to lend up to 500 billion (Greece 65 billion) 2013 – Croatia joins-in – EU 28 2014 – New president Jean Claude Junker and all commissioners are former elected officials of E members – first time ever! 2014 – New commission proposes a 315 billions growth plan to create 1.3 million jobs EU population compared with World Population in millions, 2014 1537 1252 506 316 EU China India 127 144 Japan Russia United States 119 Belgium 83 80 76 75 75 74 72 68 67 67 Slovenia Czech Republic Slovakia Portugal Greece Lithuania Estonia Poland Hungary Latvia Bulgaria Romania 47 54 61 86 Cyprus Croatia 87 95 Spain Malta 98 Italy 106 124 Germany United Kingdom 125 Denmark 108 126 Ireland France 127 Sweden 112 127 Netherlands Finland 129 Austria Luxembourg 264 GDP per inhabitant in EU 2013 GDP per inhabitant Index where the average of the 28 EU countries is 100 EU BUDGET 2015 2015 EU budget: €145.3 billion = 1.02 % of gross national income Global Europe: including development aid 6% Security and citizenship, justice 2% Sustainable growth – natural resources: agriculture, environment 40 % Other, administration 6% Smart and inclusive growth: jobs, competitiveness, regional development 46 % 2014-2020: €352 billion invested in infrastructure, business, policy environment Solidarity in practice: the EU cohesion and training of workers for the benefit of poorer regions and citizens • Regional fund • Social fund • Cohesion fund Less-developed regions: GDP per capita under 75% of the EU average Transition regions: GDP per capita between 75% and 90% of the EU average More-developed regions: GDP per capita over 90% of the EU average EU investment in Research Spending on research and development in 2012 (% of GDP) 3.3% 3.0% 2.7% 2.1% 1.8% EU EU objective 2020 China Japan United States Federalism or Empire? Past EU president Barroso talks about what the EU is; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-I8M1T-GgRU&feature=channel