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Download 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity
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18-1 FINDING ORDER IN DIVERSITY WHY CLASSIFY? To study the diversity of life, biologist use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner WHY CLASSIFY? •In the discipline of taxonomy, scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ASSIGNING SCIENTIFIC NAMES Assigning Scientific Names • Common names of organisms vary, so scientists assign one name for each species. • Because 18th century scientists understood Latin and Greek, they used those languages for scientific names. • This practice is still followed in naming new species. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ASSIGNING SCIENTIFIC NAMES Binomial Nomenclature •Carolus Linneaus developed a naming system called binomial nomenclature. •In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a twopart scientific name. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE 5 rules to writing a scientific name • • • • • Must be in greek or latin Must be italicized Capitalization of first letter of first word ONLY Second word is all lower case Made up of Genus and Species ASSIGNING SCIENTIFIC NAMES A genus is a group of closely related species. The species part of the name often describes an important trait or where the organism lives. Example = Ursus maritimus (the polar bear) LINNAEUS’S SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION Lineasus’s seven levels of classification are – from SMALLEST to LARGEST • • • • • • • Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Each level is called a taxon, or taxonomic category. Species and genus are the two smallest categories. Grizzly bear Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Black bear LINNAEUS'S SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION Genera that share many characteristics are grouped in a larger category, the family. Grizzly bear Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Black bear Giant panda LINNAEUS'S SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION An order is a broad category composed of similar families. Grizzly bear Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Black bear Giant panda Red fox LINNAEUS'S SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION The next larger category, the class, is composed of similar orders. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Class Mammalia Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Red fox Abert squirrel LINNAEUS'S SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION Several different classes make up a phylum. Grizzly bear Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Black bear Giant panda Red fox PHYLUM Chordata Abert squirrel Coral snake LINNAEUS'S SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION The kingdom is the largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel KINGDOM Animalia Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Coral snake Sea star LINNAEUS'S SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION Grizzly bear Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Black bear Giant panda Red fox Coral Abert squirrel snake Sea star Example of a pneumonic device: (you cannot use this one) Kingdom King Phylum Phillip Class Came Order Over Family For Genus Grandma’s Species Spaghetti Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
