Download GEOGRAPHYS The World and Its People Historical Atlas of Religions

The following information came from:
GEOGRAPHYS The World and Its People
Glencoe & McGraw-Hill
Historical Atlas of Religions
Karen Farrington

Introduction

History

Tenants

People
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Islam = Submission

Muslim = One who submits

Worlds second largest religion, 1.4
billion

Monotheistic, continuation of
Christianity
 Founded 622 AD in Mecca, Saudi
Arabia
 Birth of Muhammad 570 AD
 610 Muhammad, at the age of 40,
receives 1st vision from Allah through
the angel Gabriel: “Read, Recite, in
the name of God”

Visions are recorded
visions in the Qu’ran and
are considered the word
of God

610 – 622 Muhammad
preaches in Mecca, but
because of Islam’s
egalitarian views, he was
driven out by the
powerful tribe, the
Quraysh, in Mecca.

622 Hijira
 Muhammad was forced to leave and he went to
Medina and there he acquired many new
followers in his faith.

630 takeover Mecca, followers unite
 Muhammad and his followers made the
pilgrimage back to Mecca to retake their holy
land. They succeeded and followers of Islam
united.

632 Death of Muhammad


The Qur’an: the
word of God,
Egalitarianism
(social and
political message)
5 Pillars of Islam

Shahada (profession of faith)
▪ There is no God, but God, and Muhammad is the Prophet of God (central
doctrine to the Islamic faith).

Salat (prayer)
▪ Prayer must be pure (washing hands, having good intentions), prayer only
in Arabic, orientation towards Mecca, 5 times a day

Zakat (almsgiving):
 Community is generous to the poor giving Two and a half percent of their
income

Sawm:
 Fasting during the month of Ramadan (1st month the Qu’ran was revealed):
absence from food, drink from sunrise to sunset

Hajj (pilgrimage):
 Once in a lifetime take a pilgrimage to Mecca if you can afford it. Gives
common identity to all Muslims. It is common practice to kiss the Kabaa.
Jihad (Self struggle) – war against infidels until
the entire world is taken over for Islam
Non-Muslims have three options
• Convert
• Pay a tax and become a Kufr (cattle)
• Die

The Sharia
(Islamic Law)
 Covers things from
marriage and
divorce to what
women and men
can wear.

Ramadan – one month of fasting to commemorate the first
month that the first verses of the Quran were introduced to
Muhammad

Eid-ul-Fitr (Id-ul-Fitr)- The festival for the first day after
Ramadan. Lasting three days, it is a time for family and
friends to get together, for celebrating with good food and
presents for children, and giving to charity.

Eid-ul-Adha - The Festival of Sacrifice which occurs 70 days
after Eid-al-Fitr. Eid ul-Adha is the second most important
festival in the Muslim calendar. It is to remember the time
when Abraham was going to sacrifice his own son to prove
obedience to God and marks the end of the Hajj, the annual
pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca).