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Antelope Valley Union High School District
Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
Course Title: Physics
Date Adopted: June 9, 1999
Department: Science
UC/CSU Requirement: Yes
Pre-Requisite: Algebra II
Fulfills CSF Requirement: Yes
Length of Course: Two Semesters
Fulfills H/S Graduation Credit As:
Required ___ Elective __X__
Semester/Credits: 5
Grade Level: 10-12
I.
Course Description
Physics is a lab science course surveying motion and forces, energy and momentum, heat and
thermodynamics, waves and optics, and electronic and magnetic phenomena. The course is
designed to meet the need on a wide variety of individuals. It is a rigorous course for the college
bound individual pursuing a career in math, science or engineering. It may also be useful for
students intending to attend trade or technical school, or pursuing a career in a technical field
after graduation.
II.
Rationale
Physics is a necessary tool for individuals to be an active participant in our technological world.
Physics encompasses the concepts and tools utilized by the astronomer, engineer, athlete, builder,
soldier, pilot, doctor, housewife, and musician, and others. It is useful to everyone, but is
optimized by the scientist.
Note: A fundamental requirement of physics is that students be able to solve problems and most
problems require a mathematical solution. Students in problem solving situations are expected
to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Recognize the verbiage, symbols and equations
Make the appropriate equation selection
Select the appropriate units and unit systems
Substitute into the equation
Obtain a mathematical solution
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Antelope Valley Union High School District
Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
1. Energy - Conservation
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding that quantities including mass,
energy, momentum, and charge are conserved.
1.1
Understands Conservation Laws
The student will demonstrate understanding of the laws of conservation of energy and
conservation of momentum.
063
1.1.1
Explains Law Of Conservation Of Energy
The student will explain the law of conservation of energy. (Essential)
064
1.1.2
Explains Law Of Conservation Of Momentum
The student will explain the consequences of linear and angular momentum.
(Essential)
065
1.1.3
Explains Elastic/Inelastic Collisions
The student will explain the conditions for elastic and inelastic collisions
between two objects. (Essential)
1.2
Applies Concepts Of Heat
The student will apply the concepts of heat.
068
1.2.1
Analyzes Kinetic And Potential Energy
The student will analyze the differences between kinetic and potential
energy. (Essential)
069
1.2.2
Interprets Kinetic Theory Of Heat
The student will interpret the kinetic theory of heat and use it to explain the
difference between temperature and heat. (Essential)
071
1.2.3
Calculates Heat
The student will calculate heat through the use of a calorimeter. (Essential)
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Antelope Valley Union High School District
Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
072
1.2.4
Illustrates Laws Of Thermodynamics
The student will illustrate the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
(Essential)
1.2.5
Explains Entropy
The student will explain that entropy tends to increase in closed systems
(Second Law of Thermodynamics). (Essential)
1.2.6
Solves Problems Involving Heat Engines
The student will solve problems involving heat flow, work, and efficiency in
a heat engine. (Expected)
077
1.2.7
Analyzes Conductors/Insulators
The student will analyze the properties of conductors and insulators.
(Extended)
078
1.2.8
Contrasts Absorption/Radiation
The student will contrast the absorption and radiation of heat. (Extended)
2. Energy – Work
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding that energy can be transferred and
transformed to provide usable work.
2.1
Calculates Work
The student will use the definition of work to calculate work.
016
2.1.1
Calculates Work
The student will calculate work (W = Fs). (Essential)
017
2.1.2
Explains Input/Output Of Machines
The student will explain why the work output cannot be greater than the
work input. (Extended)
2.2
Explores Machines
The student will explore aspects of machines.
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Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
020
2.2.1
Determines Power, Efficiency And Mechanical Advantage
The student will determine the mechanical advantage and efficiency of
several simple machines and calculate the power and efficiency used.
(Extended)
2.3
Applies Principles Of Mechanical Energy
The student will explain the relationship of mechanical energy to the mass and
velocity of an object.
060
2.3.1
Explains/Measure Kinetic Energy
The student will explain and measure the kinetic energy associated with a
moving object. (Essential)
3. Energy – Gravity
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of the energy related to electricity,
magnetism, light, heat, and gravity.
3.1
Explains Gravitational Forces
The student will explain the type and range of gravitational forces.
005
3.1.1
Solves Problems Using Law Of Universal Gravitation
The student will solve problems using Newton's law of universal gravitation.
(Essential)
006
3.1.2
Applies Inverse Square Law
The student will apply the inverse square law to gravitational situations.
(Essential)
008
3.1.3
Demonstrates Applications Of Gravity
The student will demonstrate applications of gravity. (e.g., plumb line bob,
finding center of gravity, water siphon). (Extended)
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Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
4. Evolution
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of the conversion of mass to
energy and energy to mass.
4.1
States Einstein's Postulates
The student will state Einstein's postulates of special relativity.
155
4.1.1
States Examples Of Einstein's Postulates
The student will state examples of Einstein's first and second postulates of
special relativity and cite evidence that supports the postulates. (Expected)
156
4.1.2
Discusses Concepts Of General Relativity
The student will discuss concepts of Einstein's theory of general relativity.
(Expected)
4.2
Explores Relative Motion
The student will explore relative motion.
159
4.2.1
Determines Frame Of Reference
The student will determine how the frame of reference influences the
perception of motion. (Extended)
5. Patterns Of Change
The student will demonstrate an understanding of how to use models of transverse and
longitudinal waves to interpret wave phenomena.
5.1
Investigates Waves
The student will investigate aspects of waves.
082
5.1.1
Uses Sine Curve Diagram
The student will use a sine curve diagram to represent the components of a
wave (crests, trough, wavelength and amplitude). (Expected)
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Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
083
5.1.2
Determines Relationships
The student will determine the relationship between the frequency and
period of a wave and the relationship between speed, frequency, and
wavelength. (Essential)
084
5.1.3
Differentiates Types Of Waves
The student will differentiate between transverse and longitudinal waves,
compare mechanical and electromagnetic waves, and discuss how energy is
transferred by waves. (Essential)
085
5.1.4
Discusses Interference
The student will discuss constructive and destructive interference.
(Essential)
086
5.1.5
Illustrates Standing Wave
The student will illustrate a standing wave and explain how it occurs.
(Essential)
087
5.1.6
Describes Reflection/Refraction/Diffraction
The student will describe reflection, refraction, and diffraction of waves.
(Essential)
5.2
Studies Characteristics Of Sound
The student will study the characteristics of sound.
091
5.2.1
Describes Sound Travel
The student will describe how sound travels through different media and the
factors that affect the speed of sound. (Essential)
092
5.2.2
Relates Pitch To Frequency
The student will relate the pitch of a sound to its frequency and show how
this relates to the Doppler Effect. (Essential)
5.3
Studies Characteristics Of Light
The student will study the characteristics of light.
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Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
101
5.3.1
Explains Dual Nature Of Light
The student will explain the dual nature of light and the need for two
explanations of the behavior of light. (Expected)
105
5.3.2
Describes Uses Of Electromagnetic Waves
The student will describe uses of electromagnetic waves (e.g., TV, radio, Xrays, microwaves, etc.). (Essential)
108
5.3.3
Illustrates Reflection
The student will illustrate and provide examples of reflection of light using
mirrors. (Essential)
108
5.3.4
Illustrates Refraction/Diffraction
The student will illustrate and provide examples of refraction and diffraction
of light using lenses. (Essential)
108
5.3.5
Illustrates Polarization
The student will illustrate and provide example of polarization using filters.
(Essential)
109
5.3.6
Contrasts Virtual/Real Images
The student will contrast virtual and real projected or reflected images and
compare converging and diverging lenses. (Expected)
111
5.3.7
Contrasts Coherent/Incoherent Light
The student will contrast light from a laser source and light from a lamp and
will explain how holographs are produced. (Expected)
6. Systems and Interactions - Field Concept
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of how to use the field concept to
describe the effects of electric, magnetic, light, and gravitational forces.
6.1
Explores Electricity And Magnetism
The student will explore concepts in electricity and magnetism.
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Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
119
6.1.1
Describes Electrical Forces
The student will describe electrical forces between objects and will
differentiate between positively and negatively charged particles. (Essential)
120
6.1.2
Studies Coulomb's Law
The student will demonstrate an understanding of Coulomb's law and
compare it to the law of Universal gravitation. (Essential)
121
6.1.3
Contrasts Conductors/Insulators
The student will contrast conductors, semiconductors, superconductors, and
insulators. (Extended)
122
6.1.4
Identifies Charging Insulators/Conductors
The student will identify how friction, contact, charge polarization, or
induction can charge an insulator, a conductor, or a capacitor. (Expected)
126
6.1.5
Recognizes Conditions For Current
The student will recognize Ohm’s law, the conditions for the flow of
current, and describe methods for controlling current, considering the factors
determining resistance to the flow of current. (Essential)
131
6.1.6
Discusses Magnetic Poles
The student will discuss magnetic poles and important elements of the
theory of magnetism. (Essential)
132
6.1.7
Understands Electric And Magnetic Fields
The student will demonstrate understanding that electric and magnetic fields
contain energy and act as vector force fields. (Essential)
6.1.8
Explains Static Electric Fields
The student will explain that static electric fields have as their source some
arrangement of electric charges. (Extended)
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Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
6.1.9
Understands Force On Moving Particles In Magnetic Fields
The student will demonstrate understanding that a force on a moving
particle (with charge q) in a magnetic field is qvB sin (a) where a is the
angle between v and B (the magnitudes of the respective vectors) and the
students use the right hand rule to find the direction of the force. (Extended)
6.1.10
Applies Concepts Of Electrical And Gravitational Potential Energy
The student will apply concepts of electrical and gravitational potential
energy to solve problems involving conservation of energy. (Extended)
133
6.1.11
Illustrates Electromagnetic Induction
The student will illustrate that magnetic materials and electric currents
(moving electric charges) are sources of magnetic fields and experience
forces due to magnetic fields of other sources. (Essential)
128
6.1.12
Compares Direct/Alternating Current/Transformers
The student will compare a direct current and an alternating current and
describe how transformers work. (Essential)
7. Systems and Interactions - Electrical Circuits
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of how to diagram and construct
basic electrical circuits and will explain the function of circuit components.
7.1
Investigates/Understands Electrical Circuits
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of how to diagram and
construct basic electrical circuits and will explain the function of circuit components.
127
7.1.1
Uses Kirchhoff’s Law
The student will learn voltage, current, and resistance relationships in series
and parallel circuits (Kirchhoff’s law). (Essential)
7.1.2
Understands Transistors
The student will demonstrate understanding of transistors and how they
function in electric circuits. (Essential)
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Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
129
7.1.2
Calculates Electric Power
The student will calculate electric power and relate electric power to
mechanical power, work, and energy. (Essential)
8. Force and Motion – Interrelationships
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships among
mass, distance, force, and time through mathematical and experimental processes.
8.1
Illustrates Vectors
The student will illustrate the use of vectors for forces and velocities.
012
8.1.1
Distinguishes Vector/Scalar Quantity
The student will distinguish between a vector and a scalar quantity and use
the parallelogram or trigonometric method to find the resultant of two
forces, velocities or momentums that are in different directions. (Essential)
013
8.1.2
Explains/Solves Balance Of Forces
The student will explain and solve situations where forces are put into a
state of equilibrium. (Essential)
9. Force and Motion - Newton’s Laws
The student will investigate and demonstrate an understanding of Newton’s laws.
9.1
Explains Newton's Laws Of Motion
The student will explain Newton's laws of motion.
024
9.1.1
States Newton's First Law
The student will state examples of Newton's First Law of Motion and
explain the properties of inertia. (Essential)
025
9.1.2
States Newton's Second Law Of Motion
The student will state examples of Newton's Second Law of Motion and
show the relationship between acceleration, net force, and mass. (Essential)
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Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
9.1.3
Discovers Acceleration Due To Gravity
The student will discover the acceleration due to gravity as 9.8 m/s 2 .
(Essential)
028
9.1.4
States Newton's Third Law
The student will state examples of Newton's third law of motion, identify the
reaction force when given the action force and note that forces always occur
in pairs. (Essential)
031
9.1.5
Calculates Momentum
The student will calculate linear momentum for objects with different
masses and velocities. (Essential)
9.1.6
Explains Momentum Conservation
The student will explain that momentum is conserved as a vector quantity,
where as energy is conserved as a scalar quantity. (Essential)
9.1.7
Demonstrates Change In Momentum
The student will demonstrate that an unbalanced force on an object produces
a change in its momentum. (Essential)
9.1.8
Understands Newton’s Laws Are Not Exact
The student will demonstrate understanding that Newton’s laws are good
approximations except when an object is moving near the speed of light or is
extremely small. (Expected)
9.2
Compares Units Of Motion
The student will compare the various units of motion.
034
9.2.1
Compares Speed/Velocity
The student will compare and give examples of speed and velocity using the
definitions for each. (Essential)
035
9.2.2
Defines Acceleration As Changing Velocity
The student will define acceleration, deceleration, and give examples of
units for acceleration. (Essential)
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Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
9.3
Analyzes Curvilinear Motion
The student will analyze curvilinear motion.
044
9.3.1
Describes Changes In Projectile Components
The student will describe the changes in the horizontal and vertical
components of a projectile's velocity. (Essential)
9.4
Studies Uniform Circular Motion
The student will study uniform circular motion.
049
9.4.1
Recognizes Circular Motion
The student will recognize that Newton’s laws of motion govern uniform
circular motion. (Essential)
050
9.4.2
Investigates Centripetal Force
The student will define centripetal force and investigate its various aspects.
(Essential)
052
9.4.3
Discusses Balance Of Torques
The student will discuss the conditions required for one torque to balance
another and will predict if a force applied to an object will produce rotation.
(Essential)
053
9.4.4
Investigates Properties Of Rotational Inertia
The student will investigate the cause and effect of rotational inertia and
rotational inertial change. (Extended)
10. Methods Of Science – Process
The student will investigate physics as an ongoing process of inquiry (past and present) and will
understand and utilize the scientific method.
10.1
Utilizes The Scientific Method
The student will utilize the scientific method to explore laws and relationships in
physics.
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Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
179
10.1.1
Designs/Conducts An Experiment
The student will design and/or conduct an experiment with a physics focus.
(Essential)
180
10.1.2
Demonstrate Proper Safety Procedures
The students will demonstrate proper safety procedures during science
experiments and be aware of safety equipment. (Essential)
10.1.3
Uses Dimensional Analysis
The student will use dimensional analysis in solving physics problems.
(Essential)
10.2
Demonstrates Scientific Literacy
The student will demonstrate scientific literacy.
188
10.2.1
Explores Significance Of Past Research
The student will explore the significance of past research in relationships to
the modern world. (Expected)
191
10.2.2
Discusses Ethical/Moral Issues
The student will discuss ethical and moral issues raised by current science
research. (Expected)
192
10.2.3
Identifies Current Technologies
The student will research current technologies in the field of physics.
(Expected)
11. Methods of Science - Notation And Precision
The student will demonstrate an understanding of scientific notation and the concepts of
precision.
11.1
Understands Scientific Notation/Precision
The student will demonstrate an understanding of scientific notation and the concepts
of precision.
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Science - Physics
Curriculum Outline
11.1.1
Uses Scientific Notation
The student will use scientific notation and significant figures in physics
problem solving. (Essential)
11.1.2
Solves Problems Using Mathematical Equations
The student will solve problems using quadratic equations, and simple
trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. (Expected)
12. Life Applications
The student will integrate physics and its technological applications to solve problems and make
rational decisions about contemporary life.
12.1
Relates Physics To Real Life
The student will integrate physics and its technological applications to solve problems
and make rational decisions about contemporary life.
12.1.1
Analyzes Situations
The student will analyze situations and solve problems that require
combining and applying concepts from more than one area of science.
(Essential)
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MCAD® is a registered trademark of NCS.
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