Download SG Earth Layers

STUDY GUIDE FOR TEST ON INTERNAL LAYERS OF THE EARTH
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atmosphere: the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet
pressure: continuous force applied to a gas, liquid, or solid by another gas, liquid, or solid
crust: solid, outermost layer of the Earth, lying above the mantle
continental crust: found under the land masses; made of less dense rocks such as granite
oceanic crust: found under the ocean floor; the outermost layer of Earth’s lithosphere that is made of dense
rocks such as basalt
mantle: dense layer directly below the crust; made of hot molten rock; divided into upper & lower region
outer core: only truly liquid layer of the Earth’s interior; made of mostly iron & nickel
inner core: extremely hot, solid sphere at center of Earth
lithosphere: part of mantle; slow moving plates of solid rock that hold the continents and oceans
asthenosphere: part of mantle; hot, semi-liquid layer that the lithospheric plates move on
earthquakes: a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of
movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
Seismology: the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the earth
Seismologist: a scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic waves
seismic waves: waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion
seismographs: an instrument that measures and records energy that travels through the earth in seismic waves
body waves: waves that travel through the Earth’s inner layers
surface waves: waves that develop when seismic waves reach Earth’s surface; move slow but produce larger
ground movements and greater damage
primary waves (P-waves): primary seismic waves that travel fast and are the first recorded after an earthquake;
“push & pull”; can travel through solids & liquids
secondary waves (S-waves): secondary seismic waves that travel slowly and arrive after P waves; travel by
moving side to side or up and down; travel only through solids
shadow zone: a region on the Earth’s surface where seismic waves are not recorded after an earthquake. An S
wave shadow zone does not record S waves, and a P wave shadow zone is the region where P waves are not
recorded.
Moho: boundary between the crust and the mantle
KNOW:
-about the internal structure of the Earth (Crazy Men On Ice… Crust-Mantle-Outer Core-Inner Core)
-how the temperature changes as you go from the surface toward the center of Earth
-how pressure changes as you go from the surface toward the center of Earth
-how deep we have drilled into the earth, relative to its size
-how evidence from seismic waves help scientists learn about Earth’s interior
-how to list the layers of the Earth’s interior from least dense to most dense
-what causes earthquakes
-how P-waves and S-waves move, their speed, and the materials they can move through
-that scientists concluded that the outer core was liquid because S waves could not travel through it
-why P waves bend when they travel into the outer core from the mantle
-the 4 major reasons we haven’t explored the inside of the Earth
-that the core creates Earth’s magnetic field
-why the Earth’s inner core is solid
-extra credit: What is a “Love Wave”