Download File - CMS Health Homepage

BODY
SYSTEMS
Body Systems
• Is a group of
• Keep you
organs that work
healthy & alive
together to
• Some organs
perform certain
belong to more
tasks
than 1 system
• Perform things
that no other
system does
Cells
• Smallest living • Muscle is
part of the
made of
body
muscle cells
• Many different • Bones are
kinds in our
made of bone
body
cells
Tissues
• A group of like • Ex.- Skin cells
are flat & thin.
cells that work
They make up
together
skin which has a
• Tissue cells
flat & thin
appearance!
are shaped for
• Bone cells have
the task they
a
tough
outer
perform.
coating…. They
form__________
______________
Organs
• A group of
tissues that
work together
• There are many
organs in the
body that
perform specific
tasks
• What are some
examples of
organs?
The Nervous System
• The body system
for control &
communication
• Includes the brain,
spinal cord, &
nerves that branch
off the spinal cord
Neuron
• Is a mass of nerve cells
• Basic building block of the
nervous system
• Carry nerve impulses to
and from the body to the
brain…
• Cannot divide & multiply
like other body cells
• When neurons die, they
are not replaced
Brain
• Organ that is the
control center of the
body
• Has several key parts!
• Brain cells die after 5
min. without oxygen
Cerebrum
• Part of the brain
where thinking
takes place
• Divided into 4
parts or ‘lobes’
• Forms the bulk of
the brain
Cerebellum
• Part of the
brain that
helps muscles
work together
• Balance
Brain Stem
• Lowest part of
brain
• Messages are
sent between
brain & body
through it
• Controls inner
organs,
heartbeat, etc.
• Controls other
critical life
functions!
Spinal Cord
• Thick band of nerve
cells through which
messages enter &
leave the brain
• Soft
• Protected by spine
(column of bones in
the back)
• Only about 2 cm thick
Spinal Cord
• Connects the brain w/
nerves in the body
• Nerves send
messages to the brain
via the spinal cord
*Stops growing at age 45!
• Sometimes the spinal
cord works without
the brain’s help---- this
is called a
___________________
*An adult spinal cord =17 cm
!
REFLEX ACTION!
Involuntary response to
dfdfdfdfd something; requires no
thought
Ex.- Removing your hand from a hot
stove!
-To speed up the response, neurons
bypass the brain
-The message goes straight to the
spinal cord which processes it
-Your brain ‘feels’ the pain
milliseconds later
How to take care of your
Nervous System
• Wear a seatbelt
• Wear a safety
helmet for sports
• Follow safety rules
at all times
• Avoid alcohol,
drugs, & poisons
• Get plenty of rest
& sleep
The Circulatory System
• The system that transport oxygen, nutrients, &
waste (CO2) through the body
• Includes our blood, blood vessels, & heart
The Circulatory System Fact!
• You have about 60,000
miles of blood vessels in
your body!!!!–
that’s enough to stretch
around the world twice!
Blood
• We have about _____ of
blood in our bodies
• All tissues receive a
blood supply---even
bones!
• 4 main parts to our blood
*There are 4 main
blood groups: A, B, AB,
&O
Red Blood Cell
Platelets
White Blood Cell
*Oxygen binds w/
hemoglobin in red
blood cells to make
blood red
(1) Plasma
• Liquid part of
blood
• Contains red blood
cells, white blood
cells, and platelets
(2) Red Blood Cells
• Carry oxygen &
nutrients to body
cells & carbon
dioxide away
• Are shaped to fit
through the
narrowest blood
vessel– the
capillary
RED BLOOD CELLS SORT OF WORK LIKE THIS BUS IN THE CITY!!
(3) White Blood Cells
• Fight germs
that cause
infection &
illness
FACT: 8 MILLION BLOOD
CELLS DIE EVERY
SECOND! The same # are
born every second too!
(4) Platelets
• Blood cells that
help blood clot
B- These platlets stick
together & form a type of
‘web’
• A ______ is a
dried clot
C- Red blood cells get
trapped in this ‘web’ &
form a clot
•
A- Damaged
tissue release a
chemical to
attract platelets
Heart
• Muscular organ
that pumps blood
to the body
*In 70 years, the
average heart is at rest
for 40 of those years!
• The average
person’s heart
beats 30,000,000
times a year!
*About the size of your
fist
•
Beats about 70
times per minute
Artery
• A blood vessel
that carries
oxygenated blood
away from the
heart & toward
body cells
• Typically carry
bright red blood
Shown in the
red is your
system of
arteries
carrying
oxygenated
blood to your
body cells…
Shown in the
blue is your
system of
veins
carrying deoxygenated
blood back to
your lungs
You should not
use your
thumb when
looking for a
pulse because
__________!
IMPORTANT!
CAPILLARIES
…are narrower than a human hair!
Vein
• A blood vessel
that returns
oxygen-poor
blood to the heart
• Typically carry
blood back to the
heart
• Typically carries
deoxygenated
blood which
appears _______
*Carry blood under
lower pressure than
arties
*Have thinner walls
than arteries
DIFFUSION
*Oxygen leaves red blood cells & enters
body cells
*CO2 leaves body cells & enters R.B.C. to
be transported to the lungs to be exhaled!
THE CORONARY ARTERIES
-The heart itself
needs a blood
supply.
L & R Coronary
Arteries feed the
heart w/ blood &
branch into
capillaries all
over the surface
of the heart
What is Heart Disease?
*Includes conditions affecting the heart such as:
-Coronary heart disease
-Heart attack
-Congestive heart failure
-Congenital heart disease.
Steps to Avoiding Heart
Disease
*Maintain a healthy weight
*Do not smoke
*Avoid high blood pressure
*Exercise!
*Low Fat / Low Cholesterol Diet
Heart
disease is
the #1
killer of
Americans
How to take care of your
Circulatory System
• Keep arteries clear
by choosing fewer
fatty foods
• Do not smoke to
keep your heart
from working too
hard
• Maintain a
healthful weight
• Exercise regularly
• Keep stress low to
keep blood
pressure normal
The Respiratory System
• Body system
that allows
us to use
oxygen
inhaled & get
rid of carbon
dioxide
Trachea
• Windpipe through
which air travels
to the lungs
• Divides into the 2
bronchial tubes
• Bronchial TubesShort tubes
where air enters
lungs
Alveoli
• Inside the lungs
the bronchial
tubes branch into
smaller tubes
• Small air sacs
that allow oxygen
to enter
capillaries & CO2
to enter the lungs
*Then red blood cells
carry the oxygen to body
cells & pick up carbon
dioxide
Cilia
• The quality of the
air you breathe is
vital!
• The hairs in your
nose help to trap
particles
• Mucus in your
nasal passages
traps germs &
particles
*Cilia= Tiny hairs
that line the nasal
passages
GAS EXCHANGE
SHORT VIDEO ON GAS EXCHANGE!!
*Oxygen enters through the alveoli to the blood stream
*CO2 exits the body from the bloodstream through the alveoli
to be exhaled
How to take care of your
Respiratory System
• Avoid polluted air
• Do not smoke or
breathe tobacco
smoke
• Maintain a
healthful weight
• Exercise to
strengthen the
muscles used in
breathing
The Skeletal System
• Body system
that is the
support
framework of
the body &
helps us to
move
• This includes
bones, joints,
& connective
tissue
Bones
• Bones help the
body move
because they
are almost all
connected to
another bone
-Living structures
that function as
storage centers for
minerals such as
calcium.
-Produce blood
cells in MARROW
(Soft tissue that is
the center of some
bones)
Bones & Joints
• Different types
of joints allow
different
amounts of
movement….
• There are 4
types of joints!
*Joint= Point where
2 bones meet
Cartilage
• Soft material at the end of bones
• Protects them by keeping them from
rubbing together
Healthy
Bone
Osteoporosis
What is a bone growth plate?
• It is an area of
developing tissue
near the ends of
long bones.
• They are found
between the
widened part of
the shaft & the
end of the bone.
• It is an area of
developing tissue near
the ends of long
bones.
• Growth plates help
regulate the shape &
length of the bone.
• Long bones grow from
ends by the growth
plates, not from the
middle.
What is a bone growth plate?
• Growth plates
are prone to
fractures
because they
are the last part
of the bone to
ossify (harden)
How to take care of your
Skeletal System
• Exercise to make
bones thicker &
stronger
• Wear comfortable
shoes w/ good
arches
• Use good posture
to support the
spinal column
• Eat foods w/
calcium,
phosphorus, and
Vitamin D
The Muscular System
• Body system
that helps
you move &
keep posture
The Muscular System
• 3 types of muscles:
A- Voluntary- Those you
control
Ex.- Those in your back
when you lift something
& all skeletal muscles
• B- InvoluntaryThose you do not
control
-Also called smooth
muscles
Ex.- Internal muscle
organs, blood
These move w/o you
vessels
being aware of it!
C- CARDIAC
The Heart Muscle
Ex.- Heartbeat
These move w/o you
being aware of it!
HERE ARE 2 TYPES OF
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
IN OUR BODIES!
• Some muscles
stretch across
joints.
• Tendons- Tough
tissues that
connect muscles
to joints/bones
-Ligament- Hold bones together at
joints
Ex.- Knees & ankles
How Muscles Work
• Work in pairs to move bones
• When one contracts (works), it’s
partner muscle relaxes (stretches
out)
Taking Care of Your Muscular System
• Lift objects by bending your knees &
keeping back straight to prevent injury
• Choose exercises to work different
muscle groups
• Warm-up before hard exercise
• Protein in diet
The Integumentary System
• Body system
made up of
parts that
cover &
protect the
body
Hair / Skin / Nails
The Integumentary System
• Body
system
made
up of
parts
that
cover &
protect
the
body
Introductory Video!
IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF OUR
SKIN
• Protects us from injury
• Protects us from infection
• Regulates temperature
through sweat glands
MELANINA substance that protects skin &
gives it color.
The more melanin it contains, the
darker the skin
It protects the skin from the sun’s
ultraviolet rays
Caring for the Integumentary
System
*Bathe or shower daily to remove germs,
dirt, and oil
*Keep hair clean
*Use at least 15 s.p.f. sunscreen
Caring for the Integumentary
System
*Bathe or shower daily to remove germs,
dirt, and oil
*Keep hair clean
*Use at least 15 s.p.f. sunscreen
The Digestive System
• Body system
that breaks
down food
so that it can
be used by
the body
Steps to Digestion
1- Begins in
the mouth.
Salivary
glands
soften food
for
swallowing
2- Food then
passes to
the
esophagus
(tube
which
leads food
to the
stomach
3- Once in the
stomach,
digestive
juices break
down food
& slowly
empties the
liquidy mixture
into the
????_____
4- It then passes
into the small
intestine.
Most digestion
occurs here w/
a little help from
its 3 friends
(liver, pancreas,
& gall bladder
It spends up
to 4 hrs. in
the S.I>.
Now the
nutrients
can pass into
the blood!
VilliFingerlike
projections
on the inside
of the small
intestine.
PeristalsisInvoluntary
wave-like
contractions
of the
digestive
system that
move ‘food’
through it
5- Digestive juices from glands help w/
digestion
Pancreas- Organ that secretes
insulin & juices to help break
down food
InsulinChemical
that helps
your body
use sugar
6- The liver produces
bile which helps to
break down fats
Liver- Organ that performs many
functions—including making bile &
filtering toxins from blood.
Gall BladderOrgan that
stores bile,
which helps
to break
down fats
7- Food that is broken down
enters the blood through the
capillaries in small intestine
Food that is
not broken
down passes
to the large
intestine
8- Large intestine stores food
until it leaves the body.
Food that is
not broken
down passes
to the large
intestine
Here the
wastes are
solidified
9- The colon is the part of the large
intestine where most of the water
left in the waste is absorbed into the
blood.
It gets harder & harder as
it makes its way to the
end of the L.I.
The wastes stay here
until you are ready to go
to the bathroom…
How to care for the digestive
system:
1- Chew food thoroughly
before swallowing
2- Eat fresh fruits & vegetables
daily
What To Know About Diabetes
*What is the difference between Type 1 &
Type 2 Diabetes?
*How can a person reduce their risk of
Type 2 diabetes?