Download Hyperstigma large in 2 inserted irregularly over receptacle

BLUMEA
30
(1985)
417-423
Faika and Parakibara: Two new genera of Monimiaceae
from Malesia
W.R.
Department
of
Botany, University
Philipson
of
Canterbury, Christchurch,
Zealand
New
Summary
Two
new
of
genera
the
Monimiaceae
from
Halmahera,
those
of other members of the tribe.
are
described,
Tribe Mollinedieae of the
of the female
is well
family
receptacle becoming
fall into the
species
A
glands
as
as
a
calyptra
adjacent
four
next
two
pairs
hyperstigma
Irian
be
after
genera:
by
are
by
and Parakibara
compared with
the upper part
This tribe
pollination.
Kibara,
the
The great
region.
Wilkiea,
Steganthera
presence
or
absence
receptacle (hyperstigma, Endress,
is present in Kibara and Wilkiea,
can
Jaya
characters
East Australian
characterized
within the ostiole of the female
and Matthaea. All these four genera
from
and their
Monimiaceae is characterized
detached
of the
of swollen
cia,
single species,
represented
majority
1980).
a
in the Malesian and the
and Matthaea. These genera form
Faika
(Mollinedieae),
each with
but is absent in
recognized by
the
Steganthera
of their androe-
nature
indicated in table 1.
Table 1.
characters of the gynoecium
and androecium of the
1. Some characters
gynoecium and
principal
principal
Malesian
Malesian
of the Mollinedieae.
genera of the Mollinedieae.
genera
Genus
Genus
Hyperstigma
present
Kibara
+
+
Anthers dehisce
by
by
Stamens
Stamens
slit
+
+
large
outer
pairs
in 2
2 decussate
and up
to
4 smaller
smaller
inner
Wilkiea
Wilkiea
+
+
+
inserted
irregularly
irregularly
over
of
inner surface
surface of
receptacle
receptacle
Steganthera
Matthaea
—
-
-
+
+2
2
decussate
pairs
pairs
2
decussate
pairs
—
-
BLUMEA
418
salomonensis and
Steganthera
fit
not
tacle
is
(Philipson,
taken
without
VOL.
few
a
30,
species
into the definitions in
completely
these genera
-
No.
2,
1985
of Kibara with reduced
table 1,
as
1984, 1985). However, when the
into account,
the
species
nature
be allocated
can
androecia do
has been discussed in
to
accounts
of
of the female recep-
their
appropriate
genus
difficulty.
In addition,
a
number of
species
occur
which
are
so
distinct that
they
cannot
be
accommodated in any of these four genera without their definitions
being extended
beyond
reasonable limits.
genera. Two
sibly
not
occur
Four
of these have
in Queensland,
monotypic),
and
two
namely
already
in New Guinea,
namely
characteristics of Austromatthaea and Kairoa have
differs from
1980). Tetrasynandra
in the cohesion of its four
slits,
not
pers.
1899,
the
as
stated
and the
interpretation
Fig.
1.
Range
tromatthaea:
into
(1925) by
has
cannot
of these
species
Jaya
of
Perkins
specimens
Two further
is from Irian
by
Lauterbachia
comm.).
Steganthera
stamens
not
two
been
column;
horizontal slits
not
female
monotypic
Lauterbachia.
been discussed
subulate
stigma
distribtion
4.
(Endress, 1980; Foreman,
original
receptacles
discovery
were
found,
of
six
in
and
confirmation.
proposed
monotypic
Lauterbachia;
and
by single
as
new
genera, both
monotypic. One, Faika,
and the other, Parakibara, from Halmahera in the Moluccas
3. Kairoa;
The
(Philipson,
its anthers open
collected since its
Only
as
Tetrasynandra (pos-
Kairoa and
already
in the obtuse
central
be located.
requires
are now
a
been described
Austromatthaea and
5.
genera
Faika;6.
of
Mollinedieae.
Parakibara.
1.
(fig. 1).
Tetrasynandra;
2.
Aus-
W. R.
In Faika
the
and
the female
,
upper
contain
ers
receptacle
anthers
tive
portion
(fig. 2).
opening by
detached
this respect
two
presence of
similar
are
The
second
new
in the female
those of
to
receptacle
genus
plant
dieae. The male
only.
an erect
of
stamens
(4
pairs),
were
and
carpella
masculi
of their
regularity
ovoidei; tepala 6;
numerosa,
Kaneh. &
Flowers
ed
by
dehiscentes.
stylis
sile,
dioecious.
anthers
with 2—3
with
as
a
a
c.
of
In
tepals.
1961
to
(fig. 3).
single slit,
a
In the
collection
single
stamens
any known
stamens
no
of Kibara
species
The
and
leave
in the Molline-
have
stamens
are
arranged
nine
example dissected,
in
a
pairs
excludes
the
assignment of this
nov.
gen.
turbinata, superiore
receptaculo
Stamens
villoso
at
pairs
its base
c.
sessilia.
24,
antherae
per duas
receptaculi calyptrata;
parte
stigma.
T
y p
-
u
s: Steganthera
1940 the
primary
Japanese
Royen
and
A small
ostiole surround-
surface,
outer
tree
Carpels
with
of female
Receptacle
inner swollen and
the
glandular)
upper part
numerous,
ses-
entire
ob-
opposite,
or
in the leaf axils.
Peninsula
to
the
Cyclops
Mts.
rain forest.
botanists Kanehira and Hatusima collected
they
described
as
Steganthera
villosa. Their
a
shrub
specimens
flowers. Since
generic
differences in the Mollinedieae
generic identity
of this
plant
no
floral characters the
the lower
on
large
the inner surface of the
filament short.
tepals (the
solitary
Jaya: Vogelkop
in
or
slits,
of
a
over
inner surface setulose.
villose leaves. Flowers
Understorey
24, inserted
c.
vertical
two
subulate stipe and
Manokwari which
Van
in
after anthesis,
bore clusters of achenes but
relate
a
placed
receptaculum dispersa,
per
feminei
5 decussate
of bracts
Distribution. Irian
Note.
be
of male flower ovoid, with
Receptacle
calyptra
long
Ecology.
Philipson,
Achenia
opening by
pairs
scurely dentate,
south
that genus.
whether the upper part of
must
than that of
arrangement
stamina
Flores
subulatis.
flower turbinate, with
abscissing
to
from
known
Hatus.
3 decussate pairs of
receptacle,
and
within the ostiole of the
conform
unknown
rows.
connec-
with Kairoa. The
incompatible
Kibara and
in four vertical
the
present. This number is much greater than in any species of Kibara
the
longitudinales
villosa
is
anthers with
bearing
by
in that genus. The
placed
of the very variable Central and
not
large
of the
However, the
Wilkiea.
to
Flores
The male flow-
Kairoa.
the characters of the
but
to
larger
FAIKA
rimas
do
therefore,
related
is
be
to
prominent glands
style
Parakibara,
It is,
is much
filament
that is,
manner,
within the ostiole
the inner surface
over
species
species
considerable number of
strap-shaped
decussate
species
a
419
calyptra.
Wilkiea and
receptacle
pollination,
closely
is
receptacle
and accommodates
proposed,
after
abscisses
doubt that this
irregularly
some
subulate
long
very
which bears male flowers
the
circumscissile
allow this
to
South American genus Mollinedia, but the
female flower and the
Malesia
vertical slits and with their locules well separated
hyperstigma
a
male flowers
in
glands (hyperstigma)
a
approaches
it
unlike those of Wilkiea
are too
Parakibara
as
distributed
stamens
In
and
has swollen
receptacle
becomes
numerous
Faika
Philipson:
Sleumer made
two
collections
was
of the
not
firmly
same
based. In
species
in
the
420
BLUMEA
Cyclops
Mts and
flowers.
The
Van
by
Fig.
d.
Royen
2. Faika
same
in
villosa
5729) (For figure
Steganthera
c.
5—6
base
mm
or
one
No.
30,
2,
1985
of these bore male flowers and the other
derived from the river
Philipson.
e.
of
stamen,
Female
a.
x
20
leafy shoot,
(Kaneh.
villosa
A shrub
is
VOL.
Faika, where specimens
&
b
Bot.
see
flower,
van
tree
Hatus.,
to
3
Bot.
m
x
6½;
Royen
female
collected
&
b.
same
Sleumer
apex
apiculate,
comb.
Mag. Tokyo
high,
acute,
in
section;
6082;
c,
d
male
c.
van
flower,
Royen
x
6½;
& Sleumer
Mag. Tokyo 56, 1942, 259).
Hatus.) Philipson,
Kaneh. &
small
(a,
shoots
nov.
56
-
(1942)
densely
bristly along
Fig.
2.
259.
villose. Leaves
long, villose; blade oblong-elliptic, 240—440
cordate,
were
and Sleumer.
section;
Faika villosa
fortunately
name
-
x
opposite; petiole
65—130 mm,
the veins and
on
both
chartaceous,
surfaces,
but
W. R.
the
upper surface
55
c.
the
stamens
mm,
vertical
with
glabrous,
decussate
carpels
pairs,
to c.
30
sessile,
mm,
slit,
2—3
the
numerous,
tescence
10
a
3
c.
& Sleumer 5729
smooth
with
long, sessile,
Jaya:
Vogelkop
Kostermans &
with
villose
pale
in
masculi
dehiscentes.
Receptacle
serted
bark.
grey-brown
ripe
Flores
feminei
8
5
surface setulose;
inner
and stigma.
style
achenes
miles
male
south
ovoid,
of
Infruc15
c.
x
Manokwari,
of Sukarna-
town
Mayr 334;
Faika
River,
Royen
van
& Sleumer 6082.
between
flowers
100—1250
The
conspicuous.
Philipson,
-
18
c.
T y p
u
are
altitude.
m
older branches
the
yellowish,
are
female
(?)
nov.
(9 pari decussata),
with
antherae
per rimam
singu-
clavigera Philipson.
4. Stamens
anthers
receptacle,
tree
gen.
Parakibara
s:
obovoid, tepals
of the
Flowers in
maturity.
6
Royen
forest,
are
stamina
ignoti.
of male flower
base
van
The
flowers and fruits unknown. A small
glabrous
x
c.
c.
achenes black.
obovoidei; tepala 4;
towards the
at
7
base, tepals
turbinate,
above the
subulate
Peninsula,
rain
leaves
PARAKIBARA
Flores
long
anthers, each locule
two
the
base;tepals 6,
the inner surface of
flowers
at or
Peninsula,
Ormoe,
primary
and
stems
flowers orange, and the
larem
a
the
near
over
Soegeng 328; Cyclops Mts,
between Ifar and
Undergrowth
The
Female
pairs swollen and glandular,
,
Note.
the
separating
long.
mm
Hatusima 13150; Wandammen
Ecology.
usually
irregularly
the up-
on
flowers obovoid,
hirsute.
(Hollandia),
pura
1
c.
midrib; the midrib, lateral
surface, impressed
diam., woody, setulose, margin revolute;
mm
Distribution. Irian
Kanehira &
distributed
421
sessile. Male
±
bracts
triangular
Malesia
the
of small deltoid bracts
pairs
mm
for
in
the lower
solitary,
connective
anthers
inner 3
Parakibara
on
flowers
(c. 24)
numerous
filament terete,
receptacle,
opening by
raised
1—2 small
long, glabrous,
mm
and
glabrous, except
prominently
Inflorescence axillary,
surface.
triangular;
±
becoming
veins and reticulation
per
Faika
Philipson:
18,
c.
in decussate
opening by
a
single
opposite irregularly
pairs,
in-
slit. Female
dentate
leaves,
fascicles.
axillary
Distribution. Moluccas: Flalmahera.
Parakibara
Folia
lata,
c.
x
A
mm
6
mm,
tepala 4,
longa, perberula;
ignoti.
-
180
oblongo-elliptica, c.
margine irregulariter
9.5
mm
clavigera Philipson,
T yp
small
long,
u
s:
tree
blade
obtusa.
anthera
Taylor
(?),
x
dentata.
80 mm,
Stamina
or
Fig.
chartacea,
3
c.
basi
cuneata,
longa,
mm
c.
unicam
glabrous
shortly
c.
when
180
x
apiculate,
mm,
Flores
18, quadriparia,
dehiscens.
Pasir
Flores
Putih,
Leaves
mature.
80
obtusa vel breve
apice
fasciculatae.
axillares,
rimam
per
3.
(BO), Moluccas, Halmahera,
oblong-elliptic,
cuneate, apex obtuse
—
Inflorescentiae
deltata,
2835A
shoots
nov.
spec.
22
masculi
erecta; filamenta
feminei
May
et
base
10—12
broadly
dentate in the
upper
part, midrib and lateral veins prominent. ? Monoecious. Inflorescence axillary,
densed
cyme
forming
a
fascicle
of
a
few
flowers
arising
2
fructus
1979.
opposite; petiole
stiffly chartaceous,
margin irregularly
apicu-
ovoidei,
from
a
short
a
con-
peduncle;
BLUMEA
422
Fig.
3. Parakibara
flower,
x
4;
peduncle
c.
20
Male
mm
clavigera
same
2—3
in
mm
long,
ments
pairs
long,
c.
x
5;
fleshy,
x
4
opening
2
by
Leafy
closely
but
6
rows
c.
a.
d. stamen, x 8
with
9.5
forming
broad and
triangular,
Philipson.
section,
slender below
flower ovoid,
decussate
long,
c.
VOL.
-
a
shoot
only
2,
1985
with
male
imbricated bracts,
below the
tepals 4, obtuse;
inserted
on
the
inflorescence,
single
x
12;
b.
male
sparsely pubescent;
stamens
from the type.
3
mm
lower part of the
A-shaped split.
pedicel
flower, sparingly pubescent.
long, sparingly pubescent,
seen.
Distribution. Known
No.
(Taylor 2835A).
thickening
mm,
mm
30,
long,
anthers erect,
Female
18 in
c.
receptacle,
flower
and
c.
1
fruit
filamm
not
W. R.
and
Parakibara
in
Malesia
423
No information.
Ecology.
Vernacular
Note. The
and
Faika
Philipson:
numerous
name.
0 morihuhuku.
refers
specific epithet
anthers
are
to
the
in four
arranged
large club-shaped
regular
and
male flowers. The
closely packed
large
ranks.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I
Latin
wish
thank
to
Elizabeth
Dr.
Edgar
of
Botany Division, D.S.I.R.,
for
with
assistance
the
diagnoses.
REFERENCES
ENDRESS,
P. K.
1980.
Monimiaceae.
PERKINS,
26:
Ontogeny,
Syst.
W. R.
1980.
Kairoa,
function
134:
Evol.
1925. Ubersicht liber
J.
PHILIPSON,
Pl.
a
die
and
evolution
of
extreme
floral
construction
in
79-120.
Gattungen
new
genus
der Monimiaceae.
of Monimiaceae
Englemann, Leipzig.
from
Papua
New Guinea.
Blumea
367-372.
1984.
A
synopsis
of the
A
synopsis
of the
Malesian
species
of
Steganthera (Monimiaceae). Blumea
species
of Kibara
29: 481-
497.
1985.
Malesian
(Monimiaceae).
Blumea
30:
389-415.