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Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT GUIDE
Energy Transformations ,
Background
Energy measures the ability to cause change within a system. Energy can
cause matte?ÿt6ÿc-ha--nge posi-----ti-0n, speed, or state. An underlying principle of
our understanding of force, motion, and energy is the Law of Conservation of
Energy which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyecl, it just
"chanÿJ f-ges form. Energy transformationÿiÿstems demÿ6nstrate the Law
of Conservation of Energy regularly in our lives.
When energy flow occurs in a system, measureable changes to parts of the system may occur
such as speeding up, slowing down and getting warmer or cooler. ___________________________
The total amount of energy
within
the system remains the same yet the forms of energy can change. A flashlight demonstrates
____________________________________________________________
energy
transformation when the energy in a battery changes from chemical energy to electrical
_
energy to light energy. A windmill demonstrates energy transformation when the kinetic energy of
wind turns the blades changing to mechanical energy, which is changed to electrical energy by the
generator it powers.
Forms of Energy
Recall that ÿ1 energy is the stored energy of position as compared to its usual position
(Examples: consider the base of a slide the usual position and a child at the top of the slide with
potential energy due to position, OR consider an undrawn bow the usual position and the drawn
bow with potential energy due to the position of the bowstring.) Kinetic energy is energy that is in
motion (happening).
The energy of motion or the ability to do motion that
can be categorized into the forms of potential and
Mechanical
#. Energy
] ÿ.ÿ fÿ kinetic energy. ÿ
....
Light energy that can be categorized as a form of
kinetic energy. It includes all electromagnetic waves,
a great range of wavelengths of different energies
including radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and
Radiant
Energy
x-rays. It can travel through empty space, air, or even
solid substances.
Please continue to the next page.
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A runaway skateboard,
pedaling a bicycle,
chewing food, water
rushing through a dam
Light bulbs, burning
candles, the light from
the Sun
Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT GUIDE
Background, continued
Sound
Energy
The energy of ÿs that produces
sound that can be categorized as kinetic energy. Your voice, whistles, whale
It requires a medium (air, water or solids) in
calls, the rattle of a train
order to travel. Sound waves travel slower than
passing on a track
light waves.
,:,:: ÿ,i:: ÿ:!iii iÿi :ÿi::ÿ:: !:'::i?ÿ-,i ÿ Theÿnergÿ:ÿihiÿhemiCÿi!ii ÿ: :!ÿi, ii.ÿi;: ÿi i::i:,:ÿ: ÿ!:iFood,: fossil fuels :: i '! ÿ:ÿ
:-ÿ ,ÿ;,:-. -- :: ¢ )oundsthat:canbe Categorized:as :potential::' ! :i i:i:(petroieum;coal;: natural::-"
Electrical
Energy
Thÿles through a
Electrical power generators,
conductor that can be categorized
static (the type that makes
as kinetic energy,
your hair stand on end)
• :• Nuclear •••-I The energy stored wÿiitse!f::that:;•:-: •:•::•:Power:Piants:(breakthe :•
' Energy,",.l" canbe classifiedasa:;formofpotentialenergy...: bonds ofuraniumtocreate::..
. e!ectiicitYaÿdilheat)ifusion :::i
Thermal
Energy
The energy related to the temperature of a
substance that can be categorized as kinetic
.'
energy. Thermal energy is a result of tiny
A fire, a hot stove, and a
particles of matter that move (kinetic). The faster pizza just removed from the
the mÿthe warmerÿ m--ÿr. All matter
oven
has thermal energy and although we can' t see
the motion we can feel or see its effects.
SOURCE:
Thermal Energy, Retrieved December 1,2012, from http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/
Answer the background questions in the Student Journal.
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Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT GUIDE
Background, continued
The Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed it just
changes form.
That energy can be demonstrated, observed and
measured in a system can be stated because of the Law
of Conservation of Energy. Contributions of many
scientists over time and new discoveries about different
forms of energy have all supported the current
acceptance of the Law of Conservation of Energy by the
scientific community.
(---An
transformation ischange
the ofenergy
from form
in different
one to another,Energy
energy
parts of a system can increase and decrease, but the total amount of energy stays the same.
During transformation, energy can transfer from place to place, yet total ener£yremains the same
because there is a decrease in the available energy in the energy source and an increase in
available energy in the energy receiver.
" --
Complete the background questions in your Student Journal.
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Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
N a me: ÿ
Date:
Group:
STUDENT JOURNAL
i- --ÿ
( Energy Transformation)
--,.
....
Background
......
J"
-.
.... _ __.
i
1. What is energy?4
.
What are the two main forms of energy? Describe them.
/o
3. Match each form of energy to the correct description.
a. Chemicalÿ:_
& a. Energy of the movement of char#ed particles.
b. Electrical ÿ,
ÿb. Energy of the mÿrticles in an object.
c. Mechanical
& c. Energy stored within the matter of the element. ÿ ÿ/ÿ/ÿ;ÿ'h
d. Radiant ÿ,
,ÿd.
Energy ofÿ particles.
e. Sound
'ÿ e.
Energy that moves in electromagnetic waves
f. ThermallY__
g. Nuclear
f.
ÿ g.
4. What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? C
5. What is an energy transformation?
.
What happens to the amount of energy during an energy transformation? Use the terms energy
source and ene[gy[ÿceiver.ÿl
1 ÿ.ÿ ÿ'°"
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Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT GUIDE
Part I: Plan Your Investigation
You will complete an investigation to describe the energy transformations at seven stations.
Question of Inquiry:
With your class and teacher, discuss the Question of Inquiry and list the materials that you will
need to conduct your investigation.
Safety Precautions:
At stations: Carefully remove and insert electrical plugs in the outlets by grasping the plugs, not the
cords. Make sure your hands are completely dry before touching the plugs. Keep electrical
appliances away from water and water sources. Do not touch the light bulb with the spiral paper or
your body, it is very hot and can cause severe burns.
Procedure:
You will follow the instructions at seven stations to implement your investigation in Part II,
Complete Part I in your Student Journal.
Part I1: Implement Your Investigation
Procedure:
1.
At each station, follow the directions and record your observations in the Energy Transformation
Observation data table in your Student Journal.
2. Complete the analysis questions in your Student Journal after you have completed the seven
stations.
Station Procedures:
Hairdryer
1. Carefully plug the hairdryer into the electrical outlet.
2. Turn the hairdryer on.
3. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
4. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?
What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
5. Turn the hairdryer off and unplug it.
Complete Part I in your Student Journal.
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Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT GUIDE
Part I1: Implement Your Investigation, continued
Station Procedures, continued
Battery Powered Fan
,
Place the battery/batteries inside the fan and replace the battery cover. Turn on the fan.
2.
What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
3,
What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?
What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
,
Turn the fan off and take the batteries out of the fan.
!ÿLamp
1. Plug in the lamp and turn it on.
2. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
3. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?
What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
4. Turn the lamp switch off and unplug the lamp.
Solar Powered Tool
1. Turn the tool on. Cover the solar panel with your hand and observe what happens to the
display. Remove your hand from the panel and observe the display.
2. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
3. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?
What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
4. Turn the tool off.
Continue to the next page.
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Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT GUIDE
Part I1: Implement Your Investigation, continued
Station Procedures, continued
i.ÿ'ÿ @rumpling Paper
1. Use your hands to crumple the piece of butcher paper.
2. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
3. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?
What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
4. Place the paper in the recycle bin.
Iÿ ÿaper Spiral
1. Carefully plug the lamp into the electrical outlet and turn the lamp on.
2. Pick up the paper spiral by the end of the string and hold it 30 cm above the light bulb for 2
minutes. Be very careful to not touch the light bulb with the paper or your body.
3. What is the energy source in this system? What is the energy form of the source?
4. What is the energy receiver in this system? What transformation of energy can be observed?
What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
Complete Part II and the Reflections and Conclusions in your Student Journal.
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Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT GUIDE
Part I1: Implement Your Investigation, continued
Station Procedures, continued
Two Diagrams of Natural Settings
(iÿ_
. Observe the first illustration set of sunlight being transferred to a plant and then
the plant shown again after time passes.
2. What is the energy source in the Diagram #1 system? What is the energy form of the source?
3. What is the energy receiver in the Diagram #1 system? What transformation of energy can be
observed? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
•
Observe the second illustration set of the deer eating the plant and then the deer
',ÿ shown again running.
5. What is the energy source in the Diagram #2 system? What is the energy form of the source?
6. What is the energy receiver in this Diagram #2 system? What transformation of energy can be
observed? What is your evidence that energy has been transformed?
Complete Part II and the Reflections and Conclusions in your Student Journal.
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Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET
Diagram #1
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Energy Transformations
STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET
Force, Motion, and Energy
Diagram #2
A deer grazing
A deer running
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Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT JOURNAL
Part I: Implement Your Investigation
Collect, Record, and Organize Your Data
1. Data Table: Energy Transformation Observations
,,ÿiÿ !•4:•i: :ÿ-i:,i:i(:'i; ÿ
• ,::h• •.:.•,, :
Lamp
Crumpling
Paper
Diagrams
of Natural
Settings
#1
: Of NatUral
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Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT JOURNAL
Part I1: Implement Your Investigation
Analyze Your Data
°
Describe the energy transformations that occur in a hairdryer.
.
Describe the energy transformations that occur in a battery-powered fan.
(_
<
Electerical
.
Describe the energy transformations that occur after you turn on a lamp.
4. Describe the energy transformations that occur in a solar powered calculator.
,
Describe the energy transformations that occur when you crumple paper. >ÿ
tQ ¢
.
,
c<t;
<--'
Describe the energy transformations that occur when turning on a lamp and holding a paper
Describe the energy transformations that occur when energy is transferred from the Sun to
plants and to a deer.
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Energy Transformations
Force, Motion, and Energy
STUDENT JOURNAL
Part II1: Implement Your Investigation,
continued Analyze Your Data
,
g,
Use your data from any station of the investigation to support the Law of Conservation of
Energy: Energy cannot be created or ;troyed it can only change form.
Use your data from the investigation to support the following statement: In energy
transformations, energy decreases in some parts of the system, and increases in other parts,
but the total amount of energyremains the same.
.4
7
10.
''"
............
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-"
Identify the energy transformations occurring in the following situations.
A. A hot oven
ÿ /ÿ &ÿ
B. Aburning match
to
C ÿ[ÿ,'H
C. Playing a guitar
D. Melting snow
E. Exploding fireworks ÿ, ÿ,'I ÿ ÿ-ÿ
11.
°P
/
7ÿ"/'ÿ ÿÿ' ÿ" ÿ,t ÿ,,,ÿ;'ÿ
to
-Fÿ ÿ" r-,ÿ and
ÿ'.,'ÿ Jÿfÿ
to
S U ÿ ÿ,- ÿiÿ..
/
to
"T'C ÿ- ¢ ÿ'ÿ cÿL
to jOc/ÿLÿ/ and ÿ¢,;,...,I and /_ k ÿ;ÿ.ÿ.ÿ
The illustration below shows a wind turbine system. Identify the energy transformations that
are occurring in the wind turbine system.
WIND TURBINE SYSTEM
,/
1
4
Wind
turns blades
o{ wind turbine
3
Enersy moves
Enersy moves throush
power lines
t'rom generator ____.ÿ
into power
lines
Enersy {tom
power lines
causes filaments
in toaster to
glow red
Power Lines
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