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The Vine Inter-Church Primary School Year 6 spelling rules Spelling rules Example words Prefixes A prefix is a letter or group of letters that can be added to the beginning of a word to make a new word. They can tell us useful information about a root word. trans (means across, beyond or through) bi (means two) transfusion / transaction / transcribe bicycle / biannual / bilingual tri (means three) semi (means half or partly) triangle / tricycle / triangulate semi-circular, semi-colon aero (relates to the air) micro (means small) aeroplane / aerodynamic / aerospace microscope / microwave / microscopic tele (refers to distance) photo (refers to light) teleport / televise / telegram / telepathy photocopy / photosynthesis / photograph circum (means around or about) circumference / circumnavigate Prefixes with hyphens to avoid confusion with similar words or to separate vowels. re-sent (to send again) resent (begrudge) co-operate / re-establish / pre-install Suffixes A suffix is a letter or group of letters that can be added to the end of a word to make a new word. cious / tious / xious If the root words ends in ‘-ce’, the /shus/ sound is spelt ‘-cious) gracious / ferocious / conscious / spacious infectious / cautious / scrumptious / anxious / noxious cial / tial The ‘-cial’ spelling is common after a vowel. The ‘-tial’ special / social / artificial / commercial / crucial / glacial / facial spelling is common after a consonant. confidential / impartial / essential / influential / unsubstantial Words ending with the sounds ‘unt’, ‘unce’ and ‘uncy’ These suffixes sound similar and there is no particular rule, so the words just need to be learned. Here are some examples. observant / hesitant / inhabitant permanent / instrument / frequent observance / tolerance / substance / insurance patience / experience / intelligence / difference hesitancy / buoyancy / vacancy / tenancy currency / frequency / decency / absorbency able / ible The ‘-able’ spelling is common when a complete root reliable / applicable / justifiable / fashionable / word can be heard before it. The ‘-ible’ spelling is common when a complete root comfortable / questionable / reasonable word can’t be heard before it. incredible / visible / possible / terrible / edible / irresponsible / horrible The Vine Inter-Church Primary School ably / ibly These suffixes sound similar and there is no particular rule, so these words just need to be learned. Here are some examples. admirably / acceptably / forgivably / tolerably / favourably / regrettably / acceptably irresistibly / audibly / terribly / legibly / possibly / feasibly / credibly / forcibly Words ending in ‘fer’ When you add a suffix to a word end in ‘fer’, sometimes you double the ‘r’ but sometimes you don’t. There is preference / deference / preference / suffering / differed / transference / difference / no particular rule, so these words have to be learned. Here are a few examples. deferred / transferred / conferred / Confusing words ei and ie words Remember: ‘i’ before ‘e’ except after ‘c’ if the vowel rhymes with bee. ough words Words with this pattern have the sounds ‘or’ / ‘uff’ / ‘ow’ / ‘oo/ . field / science / wield / relieved / brief / believable receive / weight / neighbour / seize / freight bought / thought / although / rough / tough / thorough / bough / plough / drought through / breakthrough silent letters Try group silent letters together to help you learn groups of words. silent k: knee / knight / knife / knave silent u: guess / guard / guitar confusing nouns and verbs noun Some nouns and verbs sound the same or similar but mean different things and are spelt differently. advice / advise licence / license verb practice / practise homophones Words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings or spellings are called homophones. right / write altar / alter bridal / bridle draught / draft complimentary / complementary who’s / whose assistants / assistance lesson / lessen