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Ybarra, Bio 221
Bacteria
Disclaimer: these questions are what have been asked of you during lecture
and or lab. The questions may or may not be quiz or test questions and should
be treated as quick concept reviews.
What is the average size, range, of bacteria?
o
_____________ m
How can bacteria be generally classified morphologically?
1.
2.
3.
What is the function of the periplasmic space?
o
Which organism(s), gram positive of gram negative, store hydrolytic enzymes
and endo toxins?
o
What is the major difference between gram positive and negative bacteria?
o
What does this dichotomous characteristic mean clinically?
o
What is the mode of action of penicillin?
o
What stage does penicillin work best on?
o
What is the beta lactam ring? What are beta lactamases?
o
What does NAM, NAG and DAP stand for, what structure is comprised of these
components?
o
o
o
NAM:
NAG:
DAP:
Be able to diagram the chemical lattice structure of the peptidoglycan.
Ybarra, Bio 221
Bacteria
Which organisms can penicillin not kill? Why?
o
What makes the glycocalyx and gelatinous sheath? What is the distinction
between the two features?
o
What are mesosomes? How do they form?
o
What is the function of mesosomes?
o
What are plasmids?
o
What is the difference between fimbriae and pili? Which of the two is used in
conjugation?
o
What is the difference between F+ and F- bacteria?
o
What is the difference between F+ and high frequency recombinant bacteria
(Hfr)?
o
What is High frequency conjugation?
o
What are the functions of the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells?
o
Define the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Monotrichous:
Amphitrichous:
Lophotrichous:
Peritrichous:
Ybarra, Bio 221
Bacteria
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes? What are
the sub units? What are the clinical implications (antibiotics)?
What is endosymbiotic theory? What organelles does it attempt to explain?
What is the evidence?
What is autogeny? What organelles does it attempt to explain? What is the
evidence?
How can bacteria be classified based off cytosine and guanine content?
What is the difference between guanine – cytosine bonds and adenine - thymine
bonds? What are the physiological implications?
What is the bacterial growth curve? What stage are your normally body flora
in?
Why doesn’t penicillin kill off your entire body flora?
What is selective media? Give examples
What is differential media? Give examples
What are selective and differential media? Give examples
How can isolation be achieved?
Which population counts only count live bacteria, which count live and dead
bacteria?
Can bacteria survive without a cell wall? If so how? Can you treat them with
penicillin, why or why not?
What does PPLO stand for?
Define the following terms. What group do they most commonly describe?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Methanogens
Halophiles
Thermophiles
Psychrophiles
Define the function of the following, what are they?
1. Hemolysis
2. Hemolysis
3. Hemolysis
Ybarra, Bio 221
Bacteria
In a microbiology lab, you serially diluted a sample of contaminated water. This
population count was unknown, therefore, you did a standard plate count to estimate
the bacterial population. From the sample, you serially dilute 0.1 ml into 9.9ml
into tubes A, B, and C, then pull 1.0 ml and 0.1 ml from each sample and streak
plate onto 6 plates labeled A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2 respectively. Look at the
table provided to estimate the original concentration.
Plate
Colony Forming Units
A1
599 CFU
A2
445 CFU
B1
319 CFU
B2
286 CFU
C1
28 CFU
C2
15 CFU
Estimated Population
Draw a gram positive, and gram negative cell. Compare the structures to one
in other.
Ybarra, Bio 221
Bacteria
Categorize the bacterial flagella according to quantity and location
A)
B)
C)
D)
What process is happening in the photo below?