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Smile Esthetics and Vertical Dimension: An Update Title: Abstract: Smile esthetics is considered as the main obj ective to fulfill during our orthodontic treatment. In handling our patient’s list of problems, we ask frequently ourselves: Do we have to co nsider the incisor position ONLY in the sagittal plane or more and more in the vertical? Should we have to apply a SYSTEMIZED treat ment approach or must we INDIVIDUALIZE our treatment planning? Our orthodontic philosophy has to consider the initial vertica l position of upper and lower incisors at rest and during smiling in order to set up indi vidualiz ed treat ment obj ectives and to attain the best final esthetic result. Therefore, we have to appl y individuali zed mechanics depending on facial growth patter n, occlusal plane inclination and smile l ine position. Author: Joseph Bouserhal, DDS, MDS, DURCO, DUOLG, DUIT Joseph Bouserhal is Professor in the Department of Orthodonti cs at Saint -Joseph Uni versity and maint ains a private orthodontic practice in Beir ut. He is Research Associate at the University of Toulouse, France , member of the Angle -East Societ y of Orthodontists, member of the Executi ve Committee of the World Federation of Orthodontists and Fel low of the Tweed Foundation for Orthodontic Research and Education.