Download Chapter 9 Plants with Seeds

Chapter 9 Plants with Seeds
I.
Structure of seed plants
A. Vascular plants
1. Xylem carries water and minerals from roots
2. Phloem carries food throughout plant
a. Upward
b. Downward
B. Have true roots, stems, leaves
1. Roots
a. Characteristics
1.) Anchor plant
2.) Absorb water and minerals
3.) Store food
b. Two types
1.) Fibrous roots
2.) Taproots
c. Structure
1.) Epidermis
a.) Have hair like extensions
b.) Increase surface area to absorb water and nutrients
2.) Cortex stores food
3.) Root cap
a.) Protects tip of root
b.) Growth tissue just behind cap
d. Uses
1.) Food
2.) Spices
3.) Medicines
4.) Dyes
5.) Insecticides
2. Stems
a. Contain transportation system
b. Hold leaves up
c. Vary in size and shape
d. Two types
1.) Herbaceous
a.) Green
b.) Soft
2.) Woody
II.
a.) Rigid
b.) Strong
e. Uses
1.) Food
2.) Medicines
3.) Dyes
4.) Paper
5.) Buildings
3. Leaves
a. Vary in size and shape
b. Composed of
1.) Stalk
2.) Blade
c. Classification
1.) Simple
2.) Compound
d. Photosynthesis occurs here
e. Structure of leaf
1.) Epidermis
a.) Outermost layer
b.) Waxy, waterproof
2.) Mesophyll layer
a.) Palisade layer
b.) Spongy layer
3.) Stoma (stomata)
a.) Openings in epidermis
b.) Allow carbon dioxide to enter
c.) Allow oxygen and water to leave
d.) Transpiration, loss of water
e.) Surrounded by guard cells
f. Uses
1.) Food
2.) Drugs
Reproduction in seed plants
A. Do not require water to reproduce
B. Seed plants encased in structure
C. Fertilization
1. Pollination occurs
a.) Female structures are ovules
b.) Male structures are grains of pollen
III.
2. Angiosperms, seeds contained in vessels (ovary)
3. Gymnosperms, seeds not covered
D. Seeds
1. Structures
a. Seed coat
1.) Tough, protective covering
2.) Develops from ovule wall
b. Young plant
c. Stored food
E. Seed dispersal
1. Wind
2. Humans and animals
3. Water
4. Natural explosion
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
A. Four phyla of gymnosperms
1. Cycads
a. Tropical plants
b. Uses cones to reproduce
2. Ginkgoes
a. Maidenhair tree
b. Reproduce by seeds with bad odor
3. Conifers
a. Found worldwide
b. Cone-bearers
c. Most are evergreens
d. Uses
1.) Paper
2.) Lumber for building
3.) Turpentine
4. Gnetophytes
a. Have characteristics of gymnosperms and angiosperms
b. Include tropical vines
B. Angiosperms
1. Largest of plants
2. Produce flowers
a. Contain reproductive organs
b. Parts of flower
1.) Sepals
2.) Petals
IV.
3.) Stamens
4.) Pistils
5.) Stigma
6.) Style
3. Pollination
a. Pollen fertilizes egg in ovule
b. Ripened ovary (fruit)
Patterns of growth
A. Annuals
1. Complete life cycle in one growing season
2. Most have herbaceous stems
Ex: marigolds, petunias
B. Biennials
1. First growing season, sprout and grow roots, stems, leaves
2. Second growing season, produce flowers and seeds
Ex: carrots, celery
C. Perennials
1. Live for more that two growing seasons
2. Most have woody stems
D. Tropisms
1. Response
a. Positive
b. Negative
2. Stimulus
a. Change in environment
b. Produces a response
3. Kinds of tropism
a. Phototropism
b. Gravitropism
Name ________________________
Date ________________
Vocabulary Quiz Chapter 9
1. xylem
2. phloem
3. root
4. stem
5. leaf
6. photosynthesis
7. cone
8. flower
9. ovule
10.pollination
____ reproductive structure of a seed plant
____ contains female sex cells of seed plant
____ carries water and minerals through plant
____ transfer of pollen from one part to another
____ anchors the plant and absorbs water, minerals
____ contains reproductive organs of angiosperm
____ photosynthesis occurs here
____ carries food down the plant
____ structure that connects the roots and leaves
____ process, uses energy from sun to make food
Name ________________________
Date ________________
Vocabulary Quiz Chapter 9
1. xylem
2. phloem
3. root
4. stem
5. leaf
6. photosynthesis
7. cone
8. flower
9. ovule
10.pollination
____ reproductive structure of a seed plant
____ contains female sex cells of seed plant
____ carries water and minerals through plant
____ transfer of pollen from one part to another
____ anchors the plant and absorbs water, minerals
____ contains reproductive organs of angiosperm
____ photosynthesis occurs here
____ carries food down the plant
____ structure that connects the roots and leaves
____ process, uses energy from sun to make food
Name ________________________
Date _____________________
Vocabulary Quiz Chapter 9
1. sepal
2. petal
3. stamen
4. pistil
5. fruit
6. annual
7. biennial
8. perennial
9. tropism
10.leaf
____ plant structure where photosynthesis occurs
____ ripened ovary of an angiosperm
____ encloses flower when still a bud
____ plant that lives for many years
____ male reproductive organ in flowers
____ movement toward or away from a stimulus
____ completes life cycle in one growing season
____ female reproductive organ in flowers
____ completes life cycle in two years
____ colorful leaflike structure
Name ________________________
Date _____________________
Vocabulary Quiz Chapter 9
1. sepal
2. petal
3. stamen
4. pistil
5. fruit
6. annual
7. biennial
8. perennial
9. tropism
10.leaf
____ plant structure where photosynthesis occurs
____ ripened ovary of an angiosperm
____ encloses flower when still a bud
____ plant that lives for many years
____ male reproductive organ in flowers
____ movement toward or away from a stimulus
____ completes life cycle in one growing season
____ female reproductive organ in flowers
____ completes life cycle in two years
____ colorful leaflike structure