Download Energy Management - Environmental Health 2016

In the Name of Allah
International Conference on Environmental health and safety
October 24-25, 2016 Valencia, Spain
The Impacts of Energy Management and
Environmental Health on the Indexes of
Societies Progress and Sustainable Development
Ali Emami Meibodi (PhD)
Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran , IRAN
Introduction
For the most of the twentieth century, growing reliance on fossil fuels
was almost universally celebrated as a good, a symbol of society
progress.
nowadays, with the rise of environmental concerns, efforts are
mounting around the world to curtail and manage the consumption of
all fossil fuels, due to different pollutions such as air, land, water, noise
and the climate changes.
Since the second half of the twentieth century upon
revealing the environmental issues and problems,
fundamental principles of society’s advancement and
progress have been changed.
Following two important meetings, regarding
environmental issues, held in 1972 and 1992,
development Indexes and Measures of Progress of
society have been changed.
During 1920 to 1960, merely, the economic indicators were
used for measuring and comparing the progress of different
countries.
From 1960 to 1992, Economic Indicators + Social Indicators,
were used.
Global Stage: From 1992 until Now, Economic Indicators
+Social Indicators + Environmental Indicators, are used.
Chronological Evolution of Related Measures of Progress of Society

Economic Growth (GNP/GDP)


GNH
Gross National Happiness


Price Stability
ISH
ISEW
Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare

Sustainable Development

EIA
Index of Social Health


Full Employment
HDI
Human Development Index


Balance of Payments
ILS
Environmental Impact Assessment

Index of Living Standard



Consumer Utility Maximization
Physical Quality of Life Index

Profit Maximization
MEW
Measure of Economic Welfare
Economic Indicators
+ Social Indicators
Economic Indicators
1920
PQLI
1960
1992
SEA
Strategic Environmental Assessment

EPI
Environmental Performance Index

Eco- Efficiency and GP
Economic Indicators
+Social Indicators
+ Environmental Indicators
2016
The major progress indexes:
• ISEW
• Sustainable Development
• EPI
• Eco-efficiency and Green Productivity
Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW)
The Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW)
develops MEW (Measure of Economic Welfare) by
adjusting GDP further by taking into account a wider
range of harmful effects of economic growth.
In order to explain the necessity of environmental
considerations in Measuring the Progress of society
and shortcoming of GNP/GDP, it is referred to Robert
Repetto statement as follows:
“A country could exhaust its mineral resources, cut
down its forests, erode its soils, pullet its aquifers, and
hunt its wildlife and fisheries to extinction, but
measured income (GNP/GDP) would not be affected as
these assets disappeared.”
Sustainable Development
Development that meets the needs of the present
generations without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
EPI ranks countries performance on high-priority
environmental issues in two areas:
• Protection of Human Health
• Protection of Ecosystems
Complete report, data, and results for current year (2016), available : www.epi.yale.edu.
Efficiency and Productivity
The Main reason for using efficiency and productivity analysis
in all areas of economy is the resources constraint.
Human efforts have been always focused on obtaining the
maximum results of the available facilities and inputs.
This can be called desire to achieve higher efficiency and
productivity.
Environmental efficiency and
Green productivity
Nowadays, new types of efficiency and productivity are
realized, which is considered both desirable and undesirable
(pollution) outputs in the process of efficiency and
productivity measurements.
That is, environmental efficiency and Green productivity.
These have important policy implications for Environmental
Health and Sustainable Development.
The Economics of pollution and
theoretical backgrounds
In Economics, the environment is viewed as a composite
asset that provides a variety of services.
Several sub disciplines of the Economics deal with
interactions between the economy and the environment.
These sub disciplines include resource economics, ecological
economics and Environmental Economics.
Environmental Economics
Environmental Economics provides a framework for evaluating
alternative technologies and public policies for reducing
environmental pollution.
Much of the new environmental economics is concerned with
issues of pollution and the design and administration of
pollution control programmes.
Environmental Economics Solutions
We shall lay the foundation for understanding the policy
approach to controlling the pollution.
In the next diagrams, theoretical, and the policy approaches
to controlling the pollution have been shown:
Environmental
protections and all
Solutions
(Coase Theorm,1960)
through
Property-Rights and
Bargaining
Policy Solutions
GNP per capita progress
EKC
(Environmental Kuznets Curve)
Policy Solutions
National Externalities
Market
Based
Instruments
Command
and Control
Instruments
International Externalities
Other
Instruments
International
Cooperation
(Based on Conventions
and protocol)
Regional
Cooperation
(Game Theory)
The National or Government policies
In the case of the national externalities, the Instruments that
governments are using to improve the environmental indicators are:
• Market Based Instruments (MBI): The taxes, subsidies and
Marketable Pollution permits
• The Command and Control Instruments (C&C): Different standards
• Other approaches: Education, training, Zooning, International Trade
and etc.
The International Policies
For the governments, in the case of the international externalities,
there are various opportunities for cooperation to improve their
environmental indicators:
• International Cooperation
Based on Conventions and Protocols
• Regional Cooperation
Based on Game Theory
For instance, since Acid Rain and Dust Phenomenon are the Regional
Environmental Externalities; Regional Cooperation Based on Games
Theory is needed. Games Theory is a useful Method for the analysis of
these issues
Good Governance
Environmental policies and energy management, through
with, the National and International Solutions are expected by
Good Governance.
Indicators of Good Governance
Indicators of Good Governance are key factors in Energy Management,
environmental health and Sustainable Development.
The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), measuring six dimensions
of governance starting in 1996.
Indicators of Good Governance
• Voice and Accountability
• Political Stability and absence of violence/Terrorism
• Government effectiveness
• Regulatory Quality
• Rule of Law
• Control of Corruption
Energy Management
and Environmental Health
• Energy and Environment Issues Addressed Simultaneously.
• Energy-use is a major cause of atmospheric pollution.
• The extensive use of exhaustible resources to meet energy demand
worsens the level of Green House Gases (GHG) emissions.
Energy Management
Energy management includes planning and operation of energy production
and energy consumption units, while the users have permanent access to
the energy they need.
Objectives:
• Resource Conservation
• Climate Protection
• Cost Savings
Energy management is a critical response to the pressing Climate Change,
Sustainable Development and energy security challenges facing many
countries.
Energy efficiency and Energy Management
A rapid change in energy technology and industrial patterns could
permit a continuation of economic growth, but oriented strongly
towards Energy Efficiency.
Energy efficiency is “using less energy to provide the same service”.
Energy Efficiency is part of a process that is called:
Energy Management.
Energy Efficiency Governance
More articles have been written on the role of energy management in
delivering energy efficiency.
However, much less is known about the legal, institutional, and
coordination arrangements needed to scale-up energy efficiency,
that is, Energy Efficiency Governance.
Core elements of
Good energy efficiency Governance
• Enabling frameworks
• Institutional arrangements
• Co-ordination mechanisms
These elements are the major indicators of Good Governance
There is general agreement on Good Governance which will
provide a great deal for Sustainable Development, especially
in natural resource-rich economies.
In the other words, Good Governance is a key factor in the
Energy Management and Environmental Health.
Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
We have been able to look at the economics of pollution within
the criteria of society’s progress.
Given our findings regarding the importance of indicators
contributing to progress of the society, the following
suggestions are recommended:
Prospects for international cooperation
International Co-operation is by no means a foregone conclusion.
For instance, it can be referred to the Kyoto Protocol.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the flexibility
mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol, The other ones are: emissions
trading and Joint Implementation.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
The CDM is the only mechanism involving developing countries
without any obligation to reduce the GHG emission.
Thus, developing countries receive capital for investments in projects
and clean technologies to reduce their emissions and enhance socioeconomic well-being.
Prospects for National or
Government policies
Energy management in a sustainable Development prospect,
through with, Good Governance, makes possible that the use of
fossil fuels to meet present needs do not adversely affect the
environment or the economy’s ability to produce goods and services
in the future.
Only the economic progress is not sufficient.
A society which is able to address basic human needs,
equip citizens to improve their quality of life, protect
the environment, and provide opportunity for its
citizens is succeeding.
It is recommended to widen the understanding of the
success of societies beyond economic and social
indicators.
Moreover, the environmental indicators are also
important.
Energy management and Environmental Health,
through Good Governance, is able to improve the
Indexes of Societies Progress and Sustainable
Development.
Thanks for
your kind attentions