Download Final Exam Review Spring 2017

The Practice of Science:
Safety- Know basics of what to do and what not to do
Scientific Method (know the concepts and identify them in an example)• Identify Problems that start the scientific method
• Identify Questions that scientists have about the scientific method.
• Know that you develop a hypothesis using research of the topic.
• What does it mean to research your problem/question (see above).
• How do you make a valid conclusion? (Claim, evidence and reasoning). It musty be supported by
evidence
• What is a Test (independent) variable? What you are testing
• What is an Outcome (dependent) variable? What you are measuring
• What is/are Controlled variables? Variables that could change, but don't.
• When would you repeat an experiment? In order to verify your results. Be able to identify examples
• When would you replicate and experiment? In order to see if another scientist made any mistakes.
Be able to identify examples.
• Know that information and theories can be changed based upon new evidence.
• Know the difference between an observation (using only senses) and an experiment (testing).
• Why is technology used in science? To help verify information, collect data, organize information,
etc.
• Theories are explanations of things using evidence and Laws are generally accepted rules about
phenomena.
• Know why scientists use models. To represent things that are too expensive, too big, too small, etc.
The Dynamic Earth:
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Describe the layers of the earth including the lithosphere, the hot convecting mantle, and the
dense metallic liquid and solid cores
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Know the layers density in relation to each other and their general states of matter (solid,
liquid, gas, or semi-solid)
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Describe the scientific theory of plate tectonics and/or how the movement of Earth’s crustal
plates and the flow of heat and material cause various geologic events to occur.
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Recognize that heat flow and movement of material within Earth causes earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions, and creates mountains and ocean basins.
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Rock Cycle including what happens inside the earth (plate tectonics and mountain building) and
on the surface (weathering and erosion
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How the earth is built up and torn down from the rock cycle (physical and chemical weathering,
erosion and deposition)
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landforms (coastlines, dunes, rivers, mountains, glaciers, deltas, lakes, sinkholes, aquifers,
caverns, etc.)
Earth's History:
Earth Features- know how they form and some of the major examples listed
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Rift Valley- Great Rift Valley in Africa
Folded Mountains- Alps, Himalayas
Mid Ocean Ridges- Mid-Atlantic ridge
Trenches- Marianas trench
Hotspots- Hawaii, Galapagos
Earthquakes- How do they provide evidence for earth layers?
Volcanoes- Where do they typically form?
Know the differences in density between continental and ocean crust
Rock Classification-Know how they form and the examples given
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Sedimentary Rock-conglomerate, sandstone, limestone
Metamorphic- Gneiss, marble, Schist
Igneous
◦ Intrusive- granite
◦ Extrusive- obsidian, pumice
- Understand the difference between chemical and physical weathering (not covered much in class, but
you all did great on the Discovery Test on this. Ask if you have questions!)
Florida Land Features- How they form and what are the human impacts?
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Dunes
Aquifers
Sinkholes
Springs
Rock Dating
- Know what eras, periods, and epoch represent, but not specific ones. You need to know how you can see
them in layers of earth.
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Relative Dating
◦ Law of Superposition
◦ Know how old rock are in layers (diagrams will not have folding or faulting)
◦ Compare folding and faulting
Absolute Dating
◦ Radioactive Carbon Dating
◦ How long Carbon-14 can be used to date rocks
◦ Know what sub-atomic particle makes isotopes (proton, neutron, or electron)
Natural Selection
• Identify and/or explain ways in which genetic variation and environmental factors contribute to evolution
by natural selection and diversity of organisms.
• Explain how the complexity of organisms in the fossil record as you dig deeper in sedimentary rock.
• Explain why a species might go extinct in terms of environment change.
Items will NOT assess or address hominid evolution or primate fossils. • What do eras, epochs and periods represent?
• Identify what an index fossil is and it’s importance on dating rocks.
• Know what the Law of Superposition and Radioactive Carbon Dating are and their purposes.
Wallace’s Law.
• General information about what Darwin found in the different finch species in the Galapagos.
• Explain why some species are found in certain areas, but are not found in nearby areas. • Explain why some adaptations, like thick beaks, are selected for and others, like thin beaks, disappear in
an area.
• What happens to adaptations that are a disadvantage to an organism?
• What is the advantage of NOT having specialized adaptations including what an organism eats.
• Know how organisms are classified by kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi, archaea and bacteria).
• Understand that every organism requires a set of instructions for each trait that is carried on DNA and it
is in EVERY cell and is passed on from generation to generation.
• Determine phenotype probabilities using Punnett Squares of traits by knowing the parents genotypes.
• Compare/contrast sexual (meiosis) vs. asexual (mitosis) reproduction and the advantages of each.
• Compare/contrast symbiosis types (mutualism, parasitism, commensalism) and other relationships
(predation and competition).
• Know the roles of producers, consumers and decomposers in an food web
• Identify limiting factors in an ecosystem.
Interactions in the Biosphere
• compare and/or contrast relationships between organisms, such as mutualism, predation, parasitism,
competition, and commensalism.
• describe and/or explain the roles of and relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers in
the process of energy transfer in a food web.
• identify and/or describe various limiting factors in an ecosystem and their impact on native populations. Energy transfer
• Know the three types of energy transfer (radiation, conduction, convection)
•Know that electromagnetic energy waves go from the longest wavelength with least amount of
energy(radio-waves) to the shortest and most energy (x-rays) with the rainbow in the
middle (ROYGBIV)
•Know some uses for electromagnetic waves (x-rays, microwaves (to cook and for cell phones), radio
waves.
• Know that waves move at different speeds in different materials (sound is fastest in solids, slowest in
gases.
• light can be refracted (bent) or reflected (bounced)
• Pitch (high or low) is related to frequency, shorter is higher and longer is lower.
• Energy can be transformed from potential to kinetic energy and vice versa.
• All energy can be transformed from one type to another (such as chemical, electrical, electromagnetic,
mechanical, etc.)
• Heat flows from warmer to cooler temperature until they are equal (hint: like the oceans heat flow)
• Adding heat can change the state (solids, liquids, gases).