Download Sociology

Origins of Sociology
 Superstition
& Myth
 Religion
 Science
- Develop Theories and Test
Hypotheses
 Belief
in Science as Solver of
Problems
 French
and American Revolutions
Encouraged New Thought
 Sociology
Grew From Social Upheaval
in Industrial Revolution
Auguste Comte
Positivism
 Applying
the Scientific
Method to Social World
 Coined
the Phrase
“Sociology”
 Observe
Society to Uncover
Fundamental Laws
1798-1857
Herbert Spencer
Social Darwinism
Second
Founder of Sociology
Reform
Not Goal of Sociology
Lower
and Higher Forms of Society
Coined
Phrase “Survival of the Fittest”
Harriet Martineau
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1802-1876
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English philosopher
Society in America
(1837)
Darwinian connection
Laissez faire Capitalism,
Malthusian
Early Feminist,
Abolitionist
Translator of Comte
“First Female
Sociologist” -- Comte
Karl Marx
Class Conflict
 Engine
of Human History
is Class Conflict:
Thesis
Antithesis
Synthesis
 The
Bourgeoisie vs. The
Proletariat
 Marxism
not the Same as
Communism
1818-1883
Emile Durkheim
Social Integration
Got
Sociology Recognized
as Separate Discipline
Studied How Social
Forces Affect Behavior:
Suicide
Identified “Social
Integration” - Degree to
Which People are Tied to
Social Group (Anime)
1858-1917
Max Weber
The Protestant Ethic
 Religion
and the Origin
of Capitalism
 Protestant
Ethic and
Spirit of Capitalism
 Iron
Cage – The price of
Rational organization
1864-1920
Georg Simmel
 Salons—Out
Group
 Groups and
Group Dynamics
 The Stranger
1858-1918
Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)
 Hegemony
 Cultural
Production
 Role of Mass Media
 Memes
Jane Addams
Jane Addams
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1860-1935
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Hull House
Social Reform/Social
Work
Poverty
Immigration
Eugenics Movement
and Birth Control
Progressive Era
Nobel Peace Prize
W. E. B. Du Bois
Race Relations
 “The Negro
Question”
 “Talented Tenth”
 Versus Booker T.
Washington
 Versus Marcus Garvey
 Niagara Movement -NAACP

1868-1963
Chicago School
Ethnography
 Sociology of the Streets
(Negative Sociology)
 Great Depression
 Ethnicity
 Exploring “The
Stranger”
 Exploring difference
 Exploring social worlds
(commonality)

Talcott Parsons
1902-1979

The Social System
(1951)
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Functionalist –
General Systems
Approach

Outlined Roles &
Status on Grand
Scale
C. Wright Mills
Sociological Imagination
 Power Elite
 American Middle Class –
“White Collar”

1916-1962
Erving Goffman
 Dramaturgy
 Presentation
1922-1982
of Self
 Total Institutions
 Stigma
 Framing
Harold Garfinkel
 Parsons’
Student
 “Judgemental Dopes”
 “Accounts”
 Ethnomethodology
b. 1917 2011
Sociology since 1960s
 Professionalization
 Specialization
 Research
and Funding
 Theory v. theory
 Feminization
 Post-Modernism
A Few Sociologists since 1960s
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Pierre Bourdieu—symbolic violence
Anthony Giddens—strucutration (structure
and agency)
Daniel Bell—post-industrialism
George Ritzer—McDonaldization of
America
Amitai Etzioni—community
William Julius Wilson—underclass
Donna Harraway—cyborgs
Peter Berger—social construction of illness
Frances Fox Piven—poverty and
disenfrachisement
Arlie Hochschild—second shift and
managed heart
Historical Tension in Sociology
Social
Development
Social
Expansion
Studying Past
Studying Future
Functionalist
Conflict
Objectivity
Subjectivity
Scientific
Activism
Research
Everyday Life
Theory
Reform