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Transcript 
Cardiovascular Biomechanics 1 Cardiovascular
System
Cardiovascular System
•  Cardio = “heart”
•  Vascular = “vessels”
Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System
•  Made up of heart, vessels, and blood
Three Types of Blood Vessels
n Arteries -­‐ move blood away from the heart Three Types of Blood Vessels
n Arteries -­‐ move blood away from the heart n Veins -­‐ move blood toward the heart Three Types of Blood Vessels
n Arteries -­‐ move blood away from the heart n Veins -­‐ move blood toward the heart n Capillaries -­‐ ;ny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins Cardiovascular system components
•  Blood
–  liquid medium of transport
•  Heart
–  pump that generates pressure
•  Blood vessels
–  distribution tubes of varying diameters
Blood flow and its anatomy 03/10/15 Biomechanical Design of 9 Blood flow and its anatomy 03/10/15 10 Blood flow and its anatomy 03/10/15 Biomechanical Design of 12 Blood flow and its anatomy Veins – Carry deoxygenated blood Arteries – Carry oxygenated blood Pulmonary Arteries – Carry deoxygenated blood Pulmonary Vein – Carry oxygenated blood 03/10/15 13 Blood flow and its anatomy •  How many hearts do we have? The skeletal muscles aid the heart in the circula;on of blood. It is especially important in increasing venous return to the heart, but may also play a role in arterial blood flow. 03/10/15 14 Blood flow and its anatomy 03/10/15 15 03/10/15 Biomechanical Design of 16 BLOOD VOLUME, FLOW RATE AND PRESSURE 03/10/15 17 Blood Volume •  For Humans, the volume of blood is 77 mL /kg of BW •  A typical adult has about 5 liters of blood, with females having less blood volume than males. •  Blood volume is regulated by the Kidneys. 03/10/15 18 Blood flow rate Type of blood vessels Aorta
07/10/15 Mean diameter Blood velocity in (cm) cm/s Reynolds Number 2 – 3 cm 40 cm/s 3330 Pulmonary artery and vein ~ 2 cm 8 – 12 cm/s 670 Blood vessels ~ 1.5 cm 15 cm/s 750 Capillaries ~0.01 cm 0.03 cm/s 0.01 19 Body temperature Core (rectal, esophageal, etc.) Hypothermia <35.0 °C (95.0 °F) Normal 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F) Fever
>37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9 °F) Hyperthermia >37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9 °F) Hyperpyrexia >40.0 or 41.5 °C (104.0 or 106.7 °F) Different sources have different cuts offs for fever, hyperthermia and hyperpyrexia. The body temperature also changes when a person is hungry, sleepy, or cold. 03/10/15 20 Components of blood The main components of blood include •  Plasma •  Red blood cells •  White blood cells •  Platelets 03/10/15 21 Components of blood PLASMA Density 1035 kg/m3 Viscosity 1.3×10-­‐3 Pa s 03/10/15 WHOLE BLOOD 1056 kg/m3 3.5 × 10-­‐3 Pa s 22 Body Pressure 03/10/15 24
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