Download volcano

SCUOLA MEDIA VOLTA - BOLOGNA
A. S. 2012-2013
Content and language integrated learning
SUBJECT: CONTINENTAL DRIFT AND
PLATE TECTONICS
CLASS: 3°A – 3°C - 3° D – 3°H
PLATE TECTONICS
VOLCANOES
A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust. It allows hot
magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface.
TYPES OF VOLCANO
There are two types of volcano, composite and shield.
Composite volcanoes are steep-sided and cone-shaped,
made up of layers of ash and lava and containing sticky
lava which doesn’t flow very far.
Composite volcanoes are steep and made from layers of
ash and lava.
Fujiyama, Giappone
Vesuvio, Italia
Etna, Italia
Mount St. Helens, Rocky Mountains, Washington, U.S.A.
Mount Etna in Italy is a composite volcano.
MOUNT PINATUBO EXPLOSION, PHILIPPINES, 1991
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WecgO8cBcZY&NR=1&feature=endscreen
Shield volcanoes have gently sloping sides and
runny lava that covers a wide area. Gases escape
very easily from shield volcanoes.
Shield volcanoes are very gently sloped and made
from layers of lava.
Mauna Loa in Hawaii is a shield volcano.
Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano in the world.
At 1:30 a.m. on March 25, 1984, it woke up suddenly
CASE STUDY: MOUNT NYIRAGONGO ERUPTION
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTXG-ahu120
Mount Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of Congo
The world's most dramatic example of a lava flow
through a major town.
17 January 2002
Nyiragongo is part of the East African Rift Valley, an area
of many faults where the plates are being stretched as
they move away from each other.
Cause of the eruption
The eruption happened on 17 January 2002. The volcano
has a lava lake in its crater. Fissures opened up to the
south side of the volcano and three streams of lava from
the lake drained through the fissures. The lava reached
speeds of 60 km/h. There was little warning as the lava
reached the city of Goma. The unrest in the country has
made it difficult to monitor the volcano and put emergency
responses in place.
Social impacts of the eruption (effects on people)
• Homes were destroyed by ash and lava.
• 45 people died in the first 24 hours.
• The lava flow made it difficult to travel around Goma as it
filled the roads.
• Aid agencies were unable to access some areas of
Goma.
• Cholera spread because of lack of sanitation in areas
that people fled to.
• 14 nearby villages were destroyed in the lava flow.
Economic impacts of the eruption (effects on money
and jobs)
• People returned to Goma hoping to find aid.
• One month after the eruption, 350,000 people were
dependant on aid.
• People lost their businesses and jobs.
Environmental impacts of the eruption
Lava covered 15 per cent of the city of Goma and
destroyed 30 per cent of the city.
Nyragongo lava entering lake Kivu
ACTIVITY
Magma chamber – large underground pool of magma
Lava – magma, once it reaches the surface
Crater – bowl-shaped basin in the top of the volcano
Vent – central tube which magma travels through
Secondary cones – eruptions from other vents may build
up secondary cones on the flanks
Ash, steam, lapilli and gas – material thrown out by the
volcano
Volcanic bombs – larger material thrown out by the force
of eruption
Write in column B the right words from column C
Column A
English
words
Column B
Italian words
Column C
Choice
Magma
chamber
Cratere
Main vent
Ceneri
Lava
Condotti secondari
Crater
Fumo
Secondary
vents
Serbatoio magmatico
Gas
Strati del cono
Rock layers
Lava
Lapilli
Lapilli
Ash
Coni secondari (parassiti)
Pyroclastic
layers
Gas
Steam
Rocce
Secondary
cones
Camino vulcanico (condotto
principale)
ACTIVITY – COLOUR VOLCANO
Magma
chamber
main vent
secondary
vents
rock layers
Pyroclastic
layers
lava
lapilli
gas
ashes
Secondary
cones
Fill in the blanks, then write your text on your copybook.
.gas – main vent - crater – steam - magma chamber–– lava – secondary vents – ashes – lapilli –
ash and lava- opening
A volcano is an _____________________ in the Earth’s crust.
Below the volcano there is a ____________________________________________________
deep inside the Earth. Colour it yellow.
The main outlet for the magma to escape is _______________________________________.
Colour it orange.
Hot magma is forced up the main vent, towards the ______________________ at the top of the
volcano.
Colour magma chamber red and let it rise through the main vent. Eruption starts!! Colour lava
flows.
Magma is also forced out through smaller outlets at the side of the volcano,
called_______________ ____________________________. Colour them light orange
Magma reaches the top of the volcano moving through layers of different rocks.
Colour rock layers grey.
Volcanic cone is built step by step, made from layers of _________________and
_______________. Colour pyroclastic layers different brown.
When volcano explodes to the surface it allows hot magma, ___________________________,
__________________________________ and ______________________________ to
escape.
Find them on the picture and complete with right colours.
ACTIVITY
1980, MOUNT ST. HELENS
(U.S.A., Rocky Mountains, Washington)
THE EXPLOSION
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UK--hvgP2uY
Describe
1980, U.S.A. Washington, Rocky Mountains, Mount St.
Helens disintegrates in enormous landslide.
1
2
3
4
Mount St. Helens before and after the explosion
Look at the pictures and find the differences.
Before the explosion
Volcanic
cone shape
Gas plume/
steam plume
Vegetation
Snow
landscape
After the explosion
Multiple choice test
1. What are the characteristics of a composite volcano?
Steep sides
Covers a wide area
Runny lava
2. What are the characteristics of a shield volcano?
gently sloping sides
cone-shape
sticky lava
3. Why did cholera spread following the eruption of the
Nyragongo volcano?
New people moved into the area bringing the disease
with them
There was a lack of sanitation in areas that people fled
to
All of the doctors in the country were killed
Question.
Write the difference between composite volcanoes and
shield volcanoes?
Write in column B the right words from column C
Column A
English words
Column B
Italian words
Column C
Choice
Composite volcano
Fianchi digradanti dolcemente
Fianchi dolcemente digradanti
Shield volcano
Lava colante
Lava colante
Steep-sided
Raggiungere la velocità di
Raggiungere la velocità di
Cone-shaped
Mancanza di
Mancanza di
Sticky lava
Impatto sociale
Impatto sociale
Gently sloping sides
stratovulcano
stratovulcano
Runny lava
Flusso di lava
Flusso di lava
Faults
Dai fianchi ripidi
Dai fianchi ripidi
Lava lake
Diffondere, diffondersi
Diffondere, diffondersi
To reach speed of
Faglie, spaccature
Faglie, spaccature
Social impacts
Lava vischiosa
Lava vischiosa
Economic impacts
bruciare
bruciare
Environmental impacts
A forma di cono
A forma di cono
Lava flow
Impatto economico
Impatto economico
Unable to access
Vulcano a scudo
Vulcano a scudo
To burn
Lago di lava
Lago di lava
Lack of
Impossibilitati a raggiungere
Impossibilitati a raggiungere
To spread
Impatto ambientale
Impatto ambientale
Hoping to find aid
La gente ha perso
La gente ha perso…
People lost…
Dipendevano dagli aiuti
dipendevano dagli aiuti
were dependant on aid
Sperando di trovare aiuto
Sperando di trovare aiuto