Download Choanocyte (collar cell)

Choanocyte
(collar cell)
,?::
Tentacles
-.
Cnidocytes
Coiled nematocysts in
cnidocyte cells are trigefed
by touch. Poison discharged
from the barb kills or ,
paralyzes the prey:
''*.
Barb
-. -
polyp
A polyp is shaped like
a cylinder. ,
Phylum Porifera
"pore bearer"
Sponges
laracteristics
3nly have specialized
!
= salt and fresh water
-organism that does not move
--filters food particles out of the water
lecialized cells
-Flagellated (catch
particles)
flowing through the sponge
-Create a current of
to flow into the internal cavity (incurrent pore)
cell: Allow
: move through the sponge's body
f w d particles
-Remove
-Budding
-Regeneration
: a mass of amebocytes that will grow into sponges when conditions are favorable
Sexual
-they can produce both egg and sperm
-Sponges are
1. Sperm are released into the water
2. Sperm flow into the
cells
take the sperm to the egg
3.
so it swims away from the parent sponge
4. Zygote has a
Phylum: Cnidaria
Coral, sea anemones,
Jelly-fish, hydra
Two adult forms
--
(hydra)
(jelly-fish)
-Three classes
-sea anemone, corals
-jelly-fish
-hydra (Portuguese man-of-war)
1.
2.
3.
Characteristics
--
, hollow central cavity
--They have cells that work together to form
like middle layer)
! (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoglea...jelly-
How do they eat?
poisonous
-capture prey with tentacles
(or cnidoblast) are cells that contain
used to capture prey)
(stinging
Reproduction
--
-Only some species (hydra)
...a new organisms grows off of the parent and then 'buds" off
--Sexual
-
(jellyfish)
forms exchange sperm or egg with each other (fertilization is in the water)
-Fertilization forms a
(free-swimming larvae)
-Planula settles down and attaches to the bottom and becomes a polyp
-Polyp develops a stack of medusa that bud off asexually and become free swimming jellyfish.
Phyluin PIatyhelminthes
Flatworms
Plat and flat.. .they rhyme
General Characteristics
--
--Only
--No body cavity
symmetry, front, back, head, tail
body opening
: a=no
coelom =
cavity or space
--Have
and
-simple muscle and nervous system
-Tissues:
-outer layer (skin)
-middle layer (muscle)
-inner layer (gut)
--Hermaphrodites (cannot
.. exchange
sperm)
--Asexual
L)iffi.re~lt classcs
1. Turbellaria--Example: Planaria
-circulatory or respiratory
--Excretory system
help move along wastes in excretory canals to
the excretory pores
-spots,.sense light
(like a vacuum
--Eat using a tube called a
hose)
--Nervous system
(bundles of sensory receptors)
--Can be over 1 meter long
-Can get them by eating uncooked infected beef
with sucker mouths
-They attach to the
---complex life-cycle that involves more than one host
--Latch on and ingests a host's cells and body fluids
-swelling, ulcers, liver damage
--Blood -(from poor sanitation,
unwashed hands)
Other:
I'
No body cavityacoelomate organisms
S
.
A false body cavity!.
I
2.
3.
--
.
4..
5.
I__-
--- -" I
True body cavitycoelomate organisms
Phylum Nemotoda Roundworms
Think..long o sound - round
Common Characteristics
--false body cavity...body cavity not completely
surrounded by mesoderm
filled body cavity
and an
...
III
--First group to have a
-separate
= sexual reproduction
--Get it from food or drink contaminated with the eggs
--The roundworms grow In the small intestine and cause intestinal
...OUCH!
Filariee
--Spread by
--Invade the lymphatic system (moves fluid) and blocks lymph vessels
--Causes swelling..,
-Page 691
--Hookworm..pinworm--Trichina worm-uncooked
--Heartworm-problem with animals
contamination
(Trichinosis)
d
Phylum: Annellda
Segmented worms,..earthworrns, leeches
Nutrition
--Earthworms eat dirt!
-Dirt goes in the mouth with the help of the
-Down the
(food tube)
-Into the
(storage organ)
-Then into the
for grinding
where the nutrients can be
-Then the
(the end literally!)
-Finally out the
(pulls dirt in)
...
Resplration (breathing)
--Gas diffuses through the
--Circulation (blood)
-blood flows in vessels
--Dona1 vessel carries blood to heart.... 5 pain of
--Ventral vessel carries blood away from heart
Nervous system
--Organs in
-Brain Bundle of sensory nerves...
-Nerve Cord
senre the environment
Reprodudion
--
--Exchange sparm with other worms
--Form a slimy cocoon from thelr
--Band slides off and the babies are on their own
(band on thelr body)
Movement
--Very slow!
--
in each segment contract and relax
which help them grip the sol1
--Have bristles called
-Excretory
-like kidneys
-Remove
-Look like white stringy thlngs In each segment
True body cavitycoelomate organisms
I
Phylum: Mollusca
Examples: Snail, oyster, squid, octopus, slug, chiton
Characteristics
--Soft body (yummy part!)
--Muscular system:
--
(movement)
(contains organs)
--Most have a
-Produced by the
--Have a We bodv cavitv (
Re~roductlveSvstem:
Most reproduce
--Most have an
-Not all blood moves in vessels
--Excretory System: Nephridia
)
circulatorv system
Three Maln Classes
1. Gastropoda
foot"
-snails, slugs, conchs
-Respiratory system:
-have a tongue with teeth..
-eats plants
2, Bivalvia
U
shells"
-Clams, oysters, scallops, mussels
feeders
-Found in fresh and salt water
3, Cephlapoda
foot"
-Octopus, sauid, nautilus, cuttlefish
- ~ i g hdeveioged
i~
circulatorv svstem (blood runs in a system of vessels)
-Predators
-Can change color
-Squirt ink for protection
-Have
like us
-Tentacles with suction cups
'Squid =
*Octopus =
1'
-
Other:
External and Internal
Biology
~4
~araxntB T B C ~
Phylum: Arthropods
Insects, lobster, shrimp, millipedes,
centipedes, spiders, ticks
Arthropods: Characteristics
-made of chitin, periodically shcd
--jinted
-- -,-tubules Tot, excretion
................ ..
circulatory system
--Most have 3 body
(head, thorax, and abdomen)
--
Five Classes
1. lnsecta
eyes-see light and dark
.-eyes---..seemany images
..
..........................
- s
.........
*Complete: Egg, .
"
*
.........
.
"..".'.--
(caterpillal-), pupa (cocoon), adult. ..butterfly
:
Egg,
nymph
(immature adult), adult
--Reproduce in huge numbers
-Have
-breathing tubes (like straws) in the abdomen
....
.....
2. Crustaceail
--Lobster, shrimp
--Lose exoskeleton as they grow (molting)
-2 segn1ents..headithorax = ....................... .
. . . . . . . which is covered by a
hard cover called a
---excrete waste from below the eyes.
--Movable eye stalks
--Teeth are in the stomach
-- ......... -... ".-".....................-"............. under abdonlen..mama carries eggs
--Tail -and
..used for rapid backward
movement
--Front claws-- 10 pairs of
--- and antenule-sense structures
-.
circulatory systein
A
3. Diplopodti
---
......
.
"
.
.
P
pairs of walking legs per segment, move slow--herbivores
---
pair of legs per segment
--Carnivores, pair of fanglike claws
5. Arachnids
--Spiders, scorpions, t~cks,and mites
) and abdomen
--2 segments, head and thorax fused (
--pair of appendages modified into either pinchers or fangs
--8 legs
--Breathe ilslng
(folds of t~ssue)
----pair of appendages used to hold food
--paired structures, release s ~ l kfor web building
Phylum Echinodermilta
Sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, sea
urchins.. ..
General Characteristics
--Adultsymmetry, larvasymnnetry
-..
reproduction and
has a digestive, reproductive, and
--Each
nervous system (allows for
regeneration)
Water vascular system
--Allows them to eat, move, and exchange gases tlvough
--Works by way of tubes (
w/a suction cup end)
-Water enters an opening on the dorsal
side.. .
-Goes into the
and
each arm
-A nluscular sac (
water into the tube foot and then they
lift
**Like using a plunger
Other: Deilterostorne vs. protosome
-hollow
tube
in
) helps to force