Download Disaster Risk Management

SEMINAR ON RESULTS MANAGEMENT FOR PUBLIC
SECTOR EXCELLENCE
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
Session 6
Planning for Disaster Risk
Management (DRM) and Climate
Change Adaptation (CCA) Measures
Disaster Risk Management
The systematic process of using
administrative directives, organizations,
and operational skills and capacities to
implement strategies, policies and
improved coping capacities in order to
lessen the adverse impacts of natural
hazards and related environmental and
technological disasters, including reduction
and adaptation.
Disaster Risk Management Framework
HAZARD EVENT/DISATER
Source: Adapted from FAO. 2008. Disaster Risk Management Systems Analysis: A guide
book.
The Ties that Bind in DRM
The exposure of ADB loans to disaster risk reflects
the exposure of DMC development activities to
disaster risk
• Surface and Groundwater Resources
• Economic and Social Infrastructure
• Agriculture
• Potable Water and Sanitation
• Resettlement and Human Security
• Community Development
General Characteristics of
DRM and CCA
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DRM/DRR
Risk management approach
Engineering and natural science
basis plus humanitarian assistance
Traditional focus on hazard event
and exposure, and on technological
solutions
Shift from response & recovery to
awareness and preparedness (DRR)
Short-term perspective but
increasingly longer term
Local scale
Often community based
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CCA
Risk management approach
Strong scientific basis – origin and
culture in scientific theory
Environmental science perspective
Highly interdisciplinary
Long-term perspective
Global scale
Often directed from the top down,
but with dependence on local
actions
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Areas of Convergence
 CC adaptation specialists now
being recruited from
engineering, water/sanitation,
agriculture, health & DRR
sectors
 DRM increasingly forwardlooking
 Integration of scientific
knowledge and traditional
knowledge for DRM provides
learning opportunities
 Existing climate variability is an
entry point for CC adaptation
 CC adaptation gaining
experience through practical
local application
 DRM has a range of
established & developing
tools
 Increasing recognition that
more adaptation tools are
needed
 Climate-related disaster
events are now more likely
to be analyzed & debated
with reference to climate
change
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Climate-Sensitive Health Outcomes
Physical factors
• Climate
• Elevation
• Natural resources (i.e. water bodies, soil
moisture)
Biological sensitivity
• Concomitant diseases
• Acquired immunity
• Genetics
 Socioeconomic status
 Public health and health care systems
Key Messages
• Extreme weather risk is seen against the
backdrop of rising natural disasters.
• Varying understanding of hazards and risk
brings opportunities to develop robust
frameworks and applications.
• Risk management of climate hazards is part
of development, not an add-on or option.
• CCA can build on existing DRM tools, DRM
can use existing CCA approaches and both
are applicable to the health sector.
Disaster Risk Reduction
The concept and practice of reducing
disaster risks through systematic efforts to
analyze and mange the causal factors of
disasters, including through reduced
exposure to hazards lessened vulnerability
of people and property and wise
management of land and the environment
(prevention and mitigation), and improved
preparedness for adverse events (UN
ISDR, 2009)
What is Adaptation?
• Adaptation, simply, is the response to climate change
impacts, to minimize losses and take advantage of
opportunities.
• Adaptation can be spontaneous or planned.
• To plan for adaptation, one must understand potential
impacts of climate change and vulnerabilities, and their root
causes.
What is DRR?
Interconnected actions to minimize disaster
vulnerability by avoiding and limiting the impact of
hazards in the context of sustainable development
Overlap between DRR and
Climate Change Adaptation
Source: DFID. 2008. Convergence of Disaster Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
Risk Reduction including Adaptation
Strategies
Levels of Intervention:
• Institutional and technical strengthening
• Structural adjustments
• Land use planning, codes and use permits
• Community-based climate risk reduction
• Environmental management and ecosystem
protection
• Risk transfer
• Retreat (i.e. migration)
Disaster Risk Reduction
Assessment Summary
• What are the solutions which might
address both current and future
vulnerabilities?
• What are the costs, benefits, risks and cobenefits of each option to the community,
to the investment?
• What are the preferred options in the
context of the project?
• Who should be involved in identifying
options?
Disaster Risk Reduction
Examples
• Drinking water – new/retrofitted community
sources with sustainable provision
• Water quality- community surface and ground
water pollution controls
• Food security – crop rotation with native species
• Flooding and drought – improved water
management for human consumption, agriculture,
ecosystem function
• Coastal erosion – stabilization, land use planning
Important Lessons from ADB DRM
Experiences for DRR and CCA
1. Strategies should be comprehensive.
2. Establish clear linkages between international
agreements, national strategies, local actions,
and partner support
3. Community consultations are invaluable,
especially for livelihood and community
infrastructure projects
4. Institutional capacity building in project design
at the local government and community level is
needed.
Communication
Cooperation
Coordination
Horizontal
and vertical
integration
Methods for Assessing Vulnerability
• Environmental and social assessments
• Consultations with disaster prevention focal
points
• Community based consultations
• Monitoring records of existing trends
• Basis on current climate trends
• Base on current challenges to ensure
relevance and sustainability
Key Components of a
Results-Based Strategic Approach
• Natural hazard including climate change hazard,
vulnerability and risk assessments
• Selection of intervention type – policy, investment,
capacity
• Selection of risk management option - financial,
economic, physical
• Core results attributes – planning, budgeting,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation
• Focus on common results
• Interdependency – top down, bottom up and linked
• Horizontal and vertical linkage – across agencies in
all sectors at all administrative levels
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The Key Indicator is the
HFA Expected Outcome
“The substantial reduction of disaster losses, in
lives and in the social, economic and
environmental assets of communities and
countries.”
This indicator is:
S
M
A
R
T
specific
measureable
achievable
relevant
Time-bound
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Identifying DRR Actions
Action
Focus
• What can be done about
the hazard, vulnerability
or risk?
• Who is the population or
what built or natural
environment is involved?
• By whom?
• What is the specific
natural hazard involved?
• Where?
• When?
• At what cost?
• Who pays?
• Who benefits?
• What is the geographic
setting involved?
• What are the sectors
involved?
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Use of Risk Information
Results-Based PSM
Planning
Budgeting
Implementation Results
Monitoring
IDRM
Policy, Investment and
Capacity Interventions
in order to address the needs of
Risk assessments (financial,
economic, physical)
Evaluation
Reducing risk (structural
and non-structural)
Where are the key points
in each feature of the
Framework to use
information?
Managing Residual Risk
(passive and active)
What is the information to
be used ?
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What are the DMCs’ experiences
with planning for DRM and CCA?
Vulnerable Elements and Natural Hazards
Impacted Elements
Floods
Population
Poor
Children
Women
Elderly
Sectors
Education
Health
Transportation
Water and Sanitation
Geomorphologic
Settings
Coastal Areas
High Mountain Valleys
River Basins
Plains and Steppes
Typhoons
Tsunami
Natural Hazards
Earthquakes Landslides
Avalanches
Drought
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Thank you