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ally 同盟 tóngméng a nation that joins another nation in some effort, such as winning a war Charles Cornwallis (1738 - 1805), a British Army officer and colonial administrator. In the United States and the United Kingdom he is best remembered as one of the leading British generals in the American War of Independence. His surrender in 1781 to a combined American and French force at the Siege of Yorktown ended significant hostilities in North America. George Washington (1732 - 1799), one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, serving as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War and later as the new republic's first President. He also presided over the convention that drafted the Constitution. guerrillas 游擊隊 yóujíduì soldiers who operate on their own and are not part of a regular army mercenaries 雇傭兵 gùyōngbīng professional soldiers who fight for anyone who will pay them Revolutionary War 獨立戰爭;革命戰爭 dúlì zhànzhēng; gémìng dúlì zhànzhēng the struggle of the former British colonies in America to gain their independence from the British strategy 策略 cèluè an overall plan for example, for winning a war tactics 戰術 zhànshù special ways of carrying out a strategy The (American) Crisis the Hessians a pamphlet series published by Thomas Paine in late 1776, to inspire the Americans in their battles against the British army. To inspire his soldiers, General George Washington had The American Crisis, first Crisis pamphlet, read aloud to them. 18th-century German soldiers hired through their rulers by the British Empire. About 30,000 German soldiers served in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolutionary War; nearly half were from the Hesse region of Germany; the others came from similar small German states. In the context of the British service. The American colonists called them mercenaries. the Treaty of Paris 巴黎合約 Bālí héyuē signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on one side and the United States of America and its allies on the other. treaty 條約 tiáoyuē a formal agreement between nations tyranny 獨裁;暴政 dúcái; bàozhèng cruel and oppressive government or rule; a nation under such cruel and oppressive government.