Download Biology and Society, Exam III

Biology and Society, Exam III
Name ____________________________
There are 50 multiple choice questions. Answer A for true, B for false.
Write your NAME on the scantron and above, and ID NUMBER in the “identification number” blank on the scantron. Choose the best
answer to each question. Make sure that you fill in one and only one scantron bubble for each question. If you feel a question or the
answer options are ambiguous, please ask me to clarify during the exam. If you have objections following the exam, we can look at
your reasoning.
1. How does natural selection relate to evolution?
a. Populations evolve due to natural selection.
b. Speciation causes natural selection.
c. Natural selection is a direct consequence of
evolution.
d. Natural selection occurs due to common descent.
2. T/F: The theory of common descent states that
species have changed over time, but are NOT related
to one another.
3. Which of the following did NOT help Darwin
develop his own understanding of evolution in the
1800s?
a. The ideas of other evolutionists
b. Discoveries of fossils
c. Geological ideas that the earth was very old
d. Knowledge of the process of HIV transmission.
4. T/F: 2 species that share many DNA sequences in
common are probably more closely related than 2
species that have few DNA sequences in common.
5. T/F: According to the diagram below, gorillas are
more closely related to humans than they are to
orangutans. (Hint: think about most recent common
ancestor)
Orangutan Gorilla
Chimp
Human
pouch). Both species have skin flaps that let them
glide from tree to tree, although they are not closely
related to each other. This is an example of
a. Convergent evolution
b. Divergent evolution
c. Vestigial structures
d. Homologous structures
8. T/F: A fish fin and a whale flipper are homologous.
9. If an element has a half-life of twenty million years,
and there is 25% of it remaining in a rock, how old is
the rock?
a. 10 million years
b. 20 million years
c. 40 million years
d. 60 million years
10. A scientist is radiometrically dating 3 different
rocks. Rock A is dated using element A (half-life = 50
years), rock B is dated using element B (half-life =
100 years), and rock C is dated using element C (halflife = 1000 years). If each rock contains 50% of the
radioactive element, and 50% of the daughter element,
which rock is oldest?
a. Rock A
b. Rock B
c. Rock C
d. Impossible to tell
11. T/F: Fossil evidence refutes the static model of
evolution.
6. Vestigial structures (such as a tailbone) demonstrate
which of the following?
a. Exaptation
b. Convergent evolution
c. Analogy
d. Homology
7. North American flying squirrels are placental
mammals (their young develop within the womb).
Australian sugar gliders are squirrel-like marsupial
mammals (their young develop inside an external
12. Which of the following specifically supports the
idea that we share a common ancestor with other
animals?
a. Fossil evidence indicates that species have changed
over time.
b. Radioactive dating indicates that the Earth is over 4
billion years old.
c. We have the same bone structure as other
organisms.
d. Individuals of different sexes from the same species
can look different from one another.
13. What do scientists think is the most likely reason
that human ancestors had forward-facing eyes instead
of eyes on the sides of their head (like a deer)?
a. They helped to see long distances in a non-forested
prairie environment.
b. They helped sense predators more easily.
c. They provided an ability to see very small objects.
d. They provided depth perception for moving
through tree branches in a forest.
14. T/F: Apes are different than monkeys in that apes
have no tails.
15. Lucy was an important fossil find, because
a. She refuted hypotheses regarding the evolution
of bipedalism and brain size.
b. Scientists did not know that humans and apes were
related before finding her.
c. She had a large brain and walked on two legs.
d. She was shorter than modern humans.
16. T/F: Scientists have discovered fossils of Homo
sapiens that are more than 1 million years old.
17. Why do scientists think that female birds often
prefer males with extravagant ornamentation (such as
peacocks with long tails)?
a. The ornamentation makes males more susceptible
to predators, and therefore any males that are alive
have good survival genes.
b. The ornamentation is expensive to maintain,
meaning that males have the ability to secure
energetic resources.
c. Only parasite-free birds have extravagant
ornamentation.
d. All of the above.
18. Which of the following is a reason why males and
females of the same species often have different
secondary sexual characteristics?
a. They have similar predators.
b. They need different food resources to survive.
c. They have different strategies to maximize
reproductive success.
d. They are looking for the same thing in a mate.
19. T/F: In many animal species, males compete for
breeding opportunities or display for females. This is
because the males typically invest more in their
offspring than the females.
20. A biological species is defined as a
a. group of visually indistinguishable organisms.
b. group of organisms that look similar and share a
high proportion of genes.
c. group of organisms that share a recent common
ancestor.
d. group of organisms that can interbreed to
produce fertile offspring.
21. T/F: 2 individuals within a species can look more
different from each other than 2 individuals from
different species.
22. T/F: A mutation that leads to changes in a
population’s reproductive biology (mating rituals,
timing, or equipment) is more likely to cause
speciation than a mutation that has nothing to do with
reproduction.
23. A series of rivers separates 3 groups of insects
from each other. Over time, the insect populations
diverge so that they are genetically distinct from one
another but still look the same. In addition, when the
populations are brought back together, they can still
interbreed and produce fertile offspring. We could
consider these 3 insects different species under which
species concept?
a. Biological
b. Genealogical
c. Morphological
d. Psychological
24. The Monterey and Bishop’s pine inhabit some of
the same areas of central California. The Monterey
pine releases pollen in February, while the Bishop’s
pine does so in April. Since pollen carries plant
sperm, this is an example of __________ reproductive
isolation.
a. Behavioral
b. Temporal
c. Spatial
d. Mechanical
25. T/F: A mountain range divides a snail species into
2 isolated populations. Scientists eventually bring
these populations together again, but when the
different snails mate, the resulting hybrid offpsring are
all sterile. These 2 populations have NOT yet
speciated.
26. Reproductive isolation can occur when individuals
in two populations of organisms
a. Can’t mate with each other because mating occurs
at different times.
b. Mate with each other but produce offspring that are
nonviable.
c. Use different types of behaviors to attract mates.
d. Have different anatomical features that make it
difficult to mate and transfer sex cells.
e. All of the above.
d. Fluctuating opposite temperature levels.
27. Which of the following is true about human races
based upon skin color?
a. There are many alleles unique to different races.
b. The percentage of any given allele tends to be
constant within a race.
c. Most of the genetic diversity is present between, not
within races.
d. None of the above.
35. The greenhouse effect is the term we use to
describe
a. The buildup of CO2 in the atmosphere due to fossil
fuel burning.
b. Atmospheric warming due to the ability of some
gases to trap heat radiating from the earth.
c. Atmospheric warming due to increased solar
radiation reaching the earth through the ozone hole.
d. The ability of clouds to cool the earth.
28. T/F: Skin color is a good indicator of most other
human genes.
29. Why have humans NOT diverged into different
species?
a. Homo sapiens is a relatively young species.
b. Human populations are highly stationary.
c. Geographic barriers, like mountains, are highly
effective at separating human populations.
d. None of the above.
30. Some people have lighter skin than others,
because they need to
a. Produce more folic acid.
b. Let more UV light in to make vitamin D.
c. Block harmful UV light from destroying vitamin D.
d. Protect folic acid from destruction due to UV light.
31. In a storm, a small group of birds is blown from a
larger population onto a small ocean island. What is
the most likely reason that the new population of
island birds would have different allele frequencies
than the original large population?
a. Genetic bottleneck
b. Natural selection
c. Founder effect
d. Convergent evolution
32. T/F: The fact that today’s temperature is colder
than normal means that global warming is NOT
occurring.
33. Where does the carbon dioxide released from
fossil fuels come from?
a. Plants that died 300 million years ago.
b. Volcanoes
c. Animal respiration
d. Forest fires
34. Which of the following describes the atmospheric
levels of CO2 within the past 400,000 years?
a. Stable with very little fluctuation.
b. Occasionally higher than current levels.
c. Variable, but never higher than current levels.
36. Which of the following best describes the
properties of water?
a. Water cools rapidly as hydrogen bonds are broken.
b. As water evaporates, it increases temperature.
c. Water’s temperature increases slowly, because it
takes a lot of energy to break hydrogen bonds.
d. Hydrogen bond formation causes a decrease in
water’s temperature.
37. If a plant and an animal are sealed in a clear
container and exposed to light, what will most likely
happen?
a. The animal will die due to a lack of CO2.
b. The plant will die due to a lack of O2.
c. The animal will produce O2 that the plant will
consume.
d. The plant will produce CO2 that the animal will
consume.
e. None of the above.
38. T/F: Many animals die if they don’t breathe
oxygen, because they can’t produce enough ATP.
39. How does ATP do work in the human body?
a. It adds phosphate groups to enzymes and other
molecules.
b. It is consumed by enzymes.
c. It generates sugar by accepting phosphate groups.
d. It lets you shoot firebolts out of your nostrils.
40. What is the source of the energy used to create
ATP?
a. The transformation of CO2 and H2O into sugar
b. The transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to other
molecules.
c. The breakdown of sugar into smaller molecules.
d. The transfer of electrons from oxygen to sugar.
41. T/F: Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than
anaerobic, because the sugar is NOT broken down as
much in aerobic respiration.
42. Why do yeast produce ethanol (alcohol) during the
process of beer brewing?
a. Yeast create ATP from breaking down ethanol.
b. Ethanol helps yeast break down sugar into ATP.
c. Ethanol is a waste formed when yeast create
ATP from sugar breakdown.
d. Yeast do not produce ethanol.
43. T/F: A piece of wood is composed mostly of
molecules that were once part of the air.
44. Which of the following is NOT a likely
consequence of increasing global temperatures?
a. Polar bears will become extinct in the wild.
b. More CO2 will enter the atmosphere through the
respiration of living organisms.
c. Sea level will rise, devastating some nations.
d. All of the above are likely consequences.
45. If a desert plant had a mutation that made it unable
to close its stomata, what would happen?
a. It would die due to a lack of CO2.
b. It would die, because it would take too much water
into its leaves through the stomata.
c. It would die due to a lack of O2.
d. It would die due to water loss.
46. T/F: Membranes are important in respiration and
photosynthesis, because they help transport electrons.
47. Where does photosynthesis occur?
a. Mitochondria
b. Nucleus
c. Chloroplast
d. Golgi body
48. T/F: Light energy causes chlorophyll molecules to
become excited and release electrons during
photosynthesis.
49. T/F: If we maintain current CO2 emission levels,
the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere will also
stabilize.
50. T/F: President Bush’s current policy on global
warming will results in a substantial net reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions from the U.S. over the next
ten years.