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Research Paper Outline «Last» i IV) Primitive Invertebrates (Unit 9) 11%, 28 Questions A. Sponges -- Phylum Porifera • Simplest animals • Sessile • Anatomy -- Draw water to act as a circulatory fluid -- Filter feeders • -- Ingest through incurrent pore to the excurrent pore Amoebocyte • Excrete skeletal structure (specules) that provide skeletal structure • Reproduction -- Sperm released and caught by another sponge (collar cells) -- Fertilization • -• Attach to new surface / mature into new sponge Calcium -- • Larvae swim away Sponges --> spicules of calcium Silicon spicules -- “glass sponges” Research Paper Outline «Last» ii -- Venusʼ Flower Basket B. Cnidarians -- Phylum Cnidearia • Cnidocytes -- • • Stinging cells (nematocysts) Two body forms -- Polyp (asexual) --> sessile -- Medusa (sexual) --> swims Taxonomy -- Class Hydrozoa • -- -- -- Dominant polyp stage Class Scyphozoa • True jellyfish • Dominant medusa stage Class Anthozoa • Only polyps • Sea anemone + coral Class Cubozoa • Box jellies C. Flatworms -- Bilateral symmetry • Cephalization Research Paper Outline «Last» iii -- Has mesoderm -- Three Classes • • Planarians --> Class Turbellaria -- Feed with pharynx -- No circulatory fluid or anus -- Ganglia is sensory center (brain-like) -- Hermaphrodites but have to cross fertilize Flukes --> Class Trematoda -- No eyespots • • Types -- Sheep liver fluke -- Chinese liver fluke -- Schistosomiasis Tapeworms --> Class Cestoda -- “Super parasite” -- Degenaration • Only has ʻhook and suckerʼ • Just absorb nutrients D. Roundworms -- Phylum Nemotoda • Evolutionary advancements -- 1st body cavity --> pseudo coelom Research Paper Outline «Last» iv -- One way digestive tract • Found everywhere • Ascaris -- Collect in an organismʼs intestines after ingestion -- Animal parasite • Crawl through intestine walls to blood vessels, travel through blood stream, return to intestines by going up the lungs to the mouth and back to the intestines • Hookworms -- Animal parasites -- feeds on tissue in the intestines -- Life cycle similar to ascaris but enter the body by penetrating the skin • Pinworm -- Goes right to organismʼs rectum and fees on already digested food • • Trichonosis -- Infected by ingesting another carnivore / omnivore -- Form cysts in an organismʼs muscles and tissues Filarial Worms -- Insect vectors • Heart worm --> mosquito vector Research Paper Outline «Last» v • Elephantiasis --> mosquito vector • River Blindnes (Onchocerciasis) --> bitany fly vector • Guinea Worm --> water flea vector
