Download AC103 Introducing LED Backlighting Solutions

June 14 - 16, 2009
Introducing LED Backlighting Solutions
AC103
Michael Jennings
Market Segment Manager – Display Products
TM
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
Contents
►Target
Applications
►LED Backlighting
►LED Advantages
►Technical Challenges
►Advanced Architectures
►Notebook/Medium Panel LED Solution
►Large Screen LED Solution
►Future Products
►Summary
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
2
Target Applications
Automotive – 2%
Picture Frame – 2%
Industrial – 2%
Portable DVD – 5%
Monitor – 39%
LCD-TV – 22%
Notebook – 27%
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
3
LED Backlighting Introduction
► LED
•
backlights dominate the smaller LCD display market
Cell phone, GPS, PDA
► Larger
display have traditionally used Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps
(CCFLs)
► LEDs
•
•
now penetrating larger LCD modules
Notebooks have largest adoption today
Monitor and TVs are emerging market
CCFL
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
LED
TM
4
LED Backlight Classification
►
The LEDs used in backlighting are characterized in two major
ways
1.
Current capability
•
•
•
Standard LED – drive current < 50mA
High current LED – drive current 50 – 150 mA
High power LED – drive current 150 – 1000mA+
Standard LED
Color
2.
•
•
White LEDs
Red, Green and Blue LEDs
ƒ
Combined to make white
Philips Luxeon K2
High Power LED
LED forward voltage depends on color
►
•
Red ~ 2V, Green ~ 3.5V, Blue/White ~3.5 – 4V
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
5
The LED Advantage
►LEDs
•
Point source characteristics enable more flexible backlight architectures
ƒ
ƒ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
have many advantages compared to CCFL
Enables thinner backlight designs
Enables advanced backlight architectures
Higher efficacy (more light at a give power) – White LEDs only today
Longer lifetime (50,000 hrs vs. ~20,000 hrs.)
Dimmable – accurate with infinite steps
Low voltage drivers reduces complexity
Environmentally friendly (CCFLs contain mercury)
Rugged – CCFLs are glass and can break easily
Reduced IR emission – no interference with remote devices
RGB specific advantages
ƒ
ƒ
Wider color gamut
Tunable white point
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
6
LED Driver Challenges – LED Connection
Each backlight consists of many LEDs – 3 to 1000+ depending on
display size
25V
► LEDs can be connected in series or parallel
►
Series
Perfect current matching
High voltage drivers are more expensive
Inefficient for high step up ratio
Parallel
Needs current matching circuits – less accurate
Enables lower voltage drivers
Needs many channels = expensive
5V
17V
Series/ Parallel
Compromise between high voltage and number of drivers
Best cost/ performance ratio
Most common approach for >8 LEDs
= 4S4P
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
7
LED Driver Challenges – Current Driver
► To
•
•
maintain backlight uniformity, all LEDs must be the same brightness
For LEDs, light output is dependent on current, not voltage
Therefore current needs to be matched
ƒ
•
Target for TV = ±1% matching, Target for monitors and notebooks = ±2%
Complicated by the fact that LED forward voltages (VF) vary by ±10-15%
► Assume
5V
the LEDs have a VF range of 3.0V to 3.6V (Mean = 3.3V) and we want 20mA
5V
5V
5V
5V
5V
Vx
R
Resistor current setting
R = (5 – 3.3)/20mA = 85Ω
ILED1 = (5 – 3.0)/85 = 24mA
ILED2 = (5 – 3.6)/85 = 16mA
> Low cost
> Poor matching ±20%
> Not suitable for backlight
Ideal current source
= perfect matching
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
Real world implementation
Active circuit maintains voltage across current
setting transistor - Vx
VF voltage difference drop across transistor
LED current set by Vx/R
Matching set by Vx accuracy
> Suitable for backlight driver
> Freescale has best in class current matching
±1% to ±2%
TM
8
LED Driver Challenges – Current Driver
► To
•
•
maintain backlight uniformity, all LEDs must be the same brightness
For LEDs, light output is dependent on current, not voltage
Therefore current needs to be matched
ƒ
•
Target for TV = ±1% matching, Target for monitors and notebooks = ±2%
Complicated by the fact that LED forward voltages (VF) vary by ±10-15%
► Assume
5V
the LEDs have a VF range of 3.0V to 3.6V (Mean = 3.3V) and we want 20mA
5V
5V
5V
5V
5V
Vx
R
Resistor current setting
R = (5 – 3.3)/20mA = 85Ω
ILED1 = (5 – 3.0)/85 = 24mA
ILED2 = (5 – 3.6)/85 = 16mA
> Low cost
> Poor matching ±20%
> Not suitable for backlight
Ideal current source
= perfect matching
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
Real world implementation
Active circuit maintains voltage across current
setting transistor - Vx
VF voltage difference drop across transistor
LED current set by Vx/R
Matching set by Vx accuracy
> Suitable for backlight driver
> Freescale has best in class current matching
±1% to ±2%
TM
9
LED Driver Challenges – Current Driver
► To
•
•
maintain backlight uniformity, all LEDs must be the same brightness
For LEDs, light output is dependent on current, not voltage
Therefore current needs to be matched
ƒ
•
Target for TV = ±1% matching, Target for monitors and notebooks = ±2%
Complicated by the fact that LED forward voltages (VF) vary by ±10-15%
► Assume
5V
the LEDs have a VF range of 3.0V to 3.6V (Mean = 3.3V) and we want 20mA
5V
5V
5V
5V
5V
Vx
R
Resistor current setting
R = (5 – 3.3)/20mA = 85Ω
ILED1 = (5 – 3.0)/85 = 24mA
ILED2 = (5 – 3.6)/85 = 16mA
> Low cost
> Poor matching ±20%
> Not suitable for backlight
Ideal current source
= perfect matching
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
Real world implementation
Active circuit maintains voltage across current
setting transistor - Vx
VF voltage difference drop across transistor
LED current set by Vx/R
Matching set by Vx accuracy
> Suitable for backlight driver
> Freescale has best in class current matching
±1% to ±2%
TM
10
LED Driver Challenges – Current Driver
► To
•
•
maintain backlight uniformity, all LEDs must be the same brightness
For LEDs, light output is dependent on current, not voltage
Therefore current needs to be matched
ƒ
•
Target for TV = ±1% matching, Target for monitors and notebooks = ±2%
Complicated by the fact that LED forward voltages (VF) vary by ±10-15%
► Assume
5V
the LEDs have a VF range of 3.0V to 3.6V (Mean = 3.3V) and we want 20mA
5V
5V
5V
5V
5V
Vx
R
Resistor current setting
R = (5 – 3.3)/20mA = 85Ω
ILED1 = (5 – 3.0)/85 = 24mA
ILED2 = (5 – 3.6)/85 = 16mA
> Low cost
> Poor matching ±20%
> Not suitable for backlight
Ideal current source
= perfect matching
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
Real world implementation
Active circuit maintains voltage across current
setting transistor - Vx
VF voltage difference drop across transistor
LED current set by Vx/R
Matching set by Vx accuracy
> Suitable for backlight driver
> Freescale has best in class current matching
±1% to ±2%
TM
11
LED Driver Challenges – Power Dissipation
► VF
•
•
•
•
•
variation between LEDs increases power dissipation/ heating
Typical white LED spec’d with VF = 3.0V min, 3.6V max.
VS
ƒ
Binning can be used to sort LEDs and reduce this variation
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Reducing this to a minimum, helps keep power dissipation down
However there is a trade off with current accuracy
Freescale products typically around 500mV
For a string of 12 LEDs, this means VF(total) = 36V to 43.2V
In reality, statistical distribution may give 2V - 3V variation
The linear drivers have to absorb this voltage difference (VVAR)
In addition, there is a minimum voltage in the drivers needed
for the current driver (VMIN)
•
PDiss = ((n – 1) x ILED x (VMIN + VVAR)) + ILED x VMIN
•
•
e.g. For 8 channels, driving 50mA LEDs with average variation of 3V
PDiss = ((8 -1) x 50.10-3 x (0.5 + 3)) + 50.10-3 x 0.5 = 1.08W
VVAR + VMIN
► Dynamic Headroom Control (DHC)
• To reduce power dissipation, the string voltage (VS) should be kept to a minimum
• As LED voltage is unknown, fixed output voltage must assume worst case (43.2V)
• DHC measures the voltage connected to the LED driver and adjusts the output voltage
(VS) to the minimum capable of driving the LEDs – 500mV for FSL drivers
• Delivers minimum possible dissipation/ highest efficiency for LED driver
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
12
LED Drivers – Linear vs. Switching
►Freescale products use linear current
►Alternatively can use switching driver
drivers
Linear Driver
Switching Driver
Single DC:DC
Linear driver absorbs string difference
= higher power dissipation
Fewer expensive external components
= lower cost
= smaller footprint
Separate DC:DC per string
Switcher absorbs string difference
= higher efficiency
Requires separate inductor+capacitors/ string
= higher cost
= large PCB area
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
13
LED Placement
►Edge
lit backlight
Backlight Driver
•
•
LEDs along edge of display
Generally used in smaller panels
ƒ
•
•
•
•
•
Backlight Driver Backlight Driver
30”+
Enables advanced architectures
ƒ
•
backlight
LED array behind LCD
Used in larger panels
ƒ
<2mm thick for notebook
Uniformity worst than direct
backlight
ƒ
Backlight Driver
Now in TV’s up to 40”
Enables super thin backlight
ƒ
►Direct
Scanning and local dimming
Good uniformity
Especially for larger displays
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
14
Advanced LED Backlight Architectures
►Advanced
LED backlight architectures are being
used to overcome drawbacks of the LCD technology
►One
►A
such drawback is contrast ratio
second is power consumption
►Local
•
•
Local Dimming
dimming improves both
Backlight is divided in to a number of zones
The backlight is then adjusted depending on the
picture content
ƒ
With
Contrast ratio improvements to >500,000:1 possible
–
ƒ
Without
Standard LCD ~ 5000:1
Reduces power dissipation up to 60%
–
The backlight consumes 30%+ of power in LCD-TVs
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
15
Advanced LED Backlight Architectures
►Another
►This
•
•
•
•
•
problem with LCD is motion blur
can be improved using scanned backlights
Backlight is divided into rows
Light is scanned down the display at frame rate
One or more rows can be illuminated at a time
Eye tricked in to seeing faster refresh
This removes the blur effect
►Often
With Scan
combined with local dimming
Without Scan
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
16
The Freescale Advantage
►Experience
• Assembled expert team with many years LED driver experience
• System group engaged with major LED backlight vendors for complete solution
approach
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Convert LCD panels to LED backlight
Understand all aspect of backlight design
Deep understanding of LED design challenges
►Technology
• Freescale SMARTMOS™ technology
• Enables integration of high density control
logic, with integrated power device and
accurate analog control circuits
►Proven Capability
• Our existing custom products are the highest performing LED drivers on the
market
• Standard products offer innovative features and differentiated performance to
stand out from the competition
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
17
Notebook and Mid-size Display LED Drivers
► Typically
► Edge-lit
► The
•
use white, standard LEDs (20 to 30mA)
is used in almost all these displays
number of standard white LEDs varies depending on the application
10 – 100 LEDs will be used depending on screen size
7” = 10-16 LEDs
ƒ 12” = ~40 LEDs
ƒ 14.1” = ~54 LEDs
ƒ 15.4” = ~60 LEDs
ƒ
•
Typical applications have a single driver
► Drivers
•
•
are powered from either
Internal 5V or 12V
Direct from battery
ƒ
7 to 20V in notebooks
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
18
MC34845 Introduction
►MC34845
is a 6-channel, fully integrated white LED driver
Target panel sizes from 10” to 17”
• Can drive max.96 LEDs from a single device (16S6P)
•
ƒ
Single chip solution in many applications
►Targeted
Notebook
Applications
Industrial/
Instrumentation
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
Picture Frame
Portable DVD
Medical
TM
19
MC34845 Advantages
►Advantages
•
60V boost output capability supplies more LEDs in series
ƒ
•
Drives 96 LEDs from single device using standard 6-pin interconnect
Small BOM to minimize footprint and cost
ƒ
Includes integrated boost FET
PWM up to 25kHz to remove audible noise concerns
• Advanced dynamic headroom control to reduce power dissipation in IC
and improve backlight efficiency
• High speed drivers provides for improved PWM range even at 25kHz
•
ƒ
ƒ
Minimum input pulse down to 200ns
Linear range from 0.4% to 100%
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
20
MC34845 Notebook LED Driver
►Features
Input voltage range 5V to 21V
• 2.0A Integrated boost
•
ƒ
600kHz or 1.2MHz
Output Voltage up to 60V
• 6 channel LED driver
•
ƒ
ƒ
•
ƒ
ƒ
•
•
•
•
•
VDC1
VDC2
SLOPE
SW
Regulators
Boost
Controller
PWM frequency up to 100kHz
30,000:1 dimming range
200ns minimum pulse
OVP
DHC /
Fault Detector
OVP
VOUT
I0
EN
I1
PWM
6 channel
30mA
current
driver
WAKE
Dynamic Headroom control
LED open/short protection
User programmable OVP
OTP, OCP, UVLO fault detection
Shutdown to <1μA
24-Ld QFN 4mm x 4mm x 0.65mm package
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
SW
COMP
Direct PWM input control
ƒ
•
Up to 30mA LED current
±2% current matching
VIN
OCP/OTP/UVLO
I2
I3
I4
I5
ISET
DGND
GNDA
PGND
TM
21
Monitor and TV LED Drivers
►For
monitors and TVs both white and RGB LEDs are used
►Can
use all types of LED from standard to high power (50mA to
350mA)
►Edge-lit
is most popular today with direct backlight in high end
models only
►The
LED
•
•
•
number of LEDs depends on the size of panel, and the type of
Can use 2000 – 4000 standard LEDs
For high power LEDs, a few hundred units are used
Requires multiple drivers per system
►Power
typically comes from a 24V supply
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
22
MC34844 Introduction
►MC34844
is a 10-channel, fully integrated
white LED driver
Target panel sizes from 14” to 27”
• Can drive max.160 LEDs from a single device
(16S10P)
•
ƒ
Single chip solution in many applications
►Targeted
Monitors
Applications
TVs
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
24” white LED monitor driven using
single MC34844
Industrial/
Instrumentation
Medical
TM
23
MC34844 Advantages
►Advantages
•
10-channel, 60V drivers support up to 160 LEDs
ƒ
•
One chip supports monitors up to 24”
Small BOM to minimize footprint and cost
ƒ
Includes integrated boost FET
PWM up to 25kHz to remove audible noise concerns
PWM synchronizing capability to remove visual noise artifacts
Advanced dynamic headroom control to reduce power dissipation in IC
and improve backlight efficiency
• High speed drivers provides for improved PWM range even at 25kHz
•
•
•
ƒ
ƒ
•
•
Minimum pulse down to 200ns
Linear range from 0.3% to 100%
Supports I2C/SM-Bus/PWM control inputs
Temperature/optical sensor inputs
ƒ
ƒ
Closed loop control for improved uniformity over lifetime/temp
Ambient backlight control for improved battery life
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
24
MC34844 White LED Driver
► Features
•
•
ƒ
•
•
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
COMP
Boost
Controller
SW
VOUT
PGND
Clock/ PLL
PGND
REG 2
CK
VDC2
V sense
M/~S
PWM
PWM
Generator
SCK
I2C/ SM-Bus
interface
SDA
FAIL
I0
10 channel
50mA
current
mirror
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
A0/SEN
PWM synchronizing capability
ƒ
REG 1
EN
Up to 50mA LED current
±2% current matching
8-bit programmable for each channel
100Hz to 25kHz
8-bit resolution
SW
VDC1
OVP
Internal PWM generator
ƒ
•
150kHz to 1.2MHz
Output Voltage up to 60V
10 channel LED driver
ƒ
•
VIN
Input voltage of 7V to 28V
3.0A Integrated boost
100Hz to 25kHz
I7
Current DAC
I8
ISET
PIN
NIN
I2C/ SM-Bus interface
Dynamic headroom control
Temperature/optical compensation loops
LED short detection
User programmable OVP
OTP/OCP/UVLO lockout
32-Ld QFN 5mm x 5mm x 1mm package
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
I6
I9
Temp/Opto
loop control
GND
OCP/OTP/UVLO
GND
TM
25
Road Map
50”
40”
Local dimming
direct backlight
chipset solution
Edge-lit
LED Driver
Multiple
devices
Television
60”
Notebook
Netbook
Monitor
30”
20”
MC34844
10-channel
Driver + DC:DC
MC34845
6-channel
Driver + DC:DC
10”
Next gen. Mon.
Adv 8-channel
Driver + DC:DC
MC34846
6-channel
Driver + DC:DC
(TBD)
4-channel
Driver + DC:DC
2008
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
2009
2010
TM
26
MC34846 Introduction
►MC34846
is a 6-channel, advanced functionality white LED driver
Target panel sizes from 10” to 17”
• Integrates advanced features for audible/visual noise reduction
•
►Targeted
Notebook
Applications
Industrial/
Instrumentation
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
Picture Frame
Portable DVD
Medical
TM
27
MC34846 Advantages
►Advantages
•
52V boost output capability supplies more LEDs in series
ƒ
•
Drives 84 LEDs from single device using standard 6-pin interconnect
Small BOM to minimize footprint and cost
ƒ
Includes integrated boost FET
High speed PWM output up to 25kHz
• Reduced audible noise
• Simplified DC:DC design
• Improved efficiency
•
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
28
MC34846 Advanced White LED Driver
► Features
•
•
Input voltage range 5V to 24V
2.0A Integrated boost FET
ƒ
•
•
Output Voltage up to 52V
6 channel LED driver
ƒ
ƒ
•
VIN
VDC1
Regulators
F_BOOST
Boost
Controller
OVP1
100Hz to 25kHz
10-bit resolution = 1000:1 dimming range
100Hz to 75kHz
200ns minimum pulse
30,000:1 dimming range
OVP
DHC
I0
I1
EN
PWM
MODE
P_RST
Dynamic Headroom control
User programmable OVP
LED open/short detection
OTP, OCP, UVLO fault detection
Shutdown to <1μA
20-Ld QFN 4mm x 4mm x 0.65mm package
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
SW
SW
Direct PWM control mode
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
•
•
•
•
•
•
Up to 30mA LED current
±1.5% tolerance
Internal PWM generator
ƒ
ƒ
•
5V to 24V
300kHz to 1.5MHz
PWM_SET
6 channel
30mA
current
driver
Logic
Control
I2
I3
I4
I5
ISET
PWM
Generator
OCP/OTP/UVLO
GNDA
PGND
TM
29
LED Backlight Controllers
►For
RGB color control, simple 8-bit MCU is sufficient
Freescale solution based on 68HC9S08AW60
• Patented color control system architecture
•
Package : 44/64LQFP
UART
LCD TV main
Processor Interface
60K Flash
FPGA
Board Interface
User
Control Interface
Color sensor inputs
System
Monitoring
BDM
interface
VSS
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
VDD
VSSa
VDDa
TM
30
Freescale Color Management Control System
Auto calibration is possible in the manufacturing stage !
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
31
Small Panel Solutions
►White
•
LEDs dominate small panel backlighting
Cell phones, DSC, smart phone, PDA, MID, GPS…
►Historically
have used separate LED driver
►Majority applications now moving to integrated solutions
►Freescale supports this market through integrated solutions only
PMIC for portable products
Integrates LED driver
Future IC
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service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
32
Summary
►Freescale
highly focused on LED backlight market
►Leverage
system expertise and Freescale advanced technology to
provide differentiated, enabling products
►Freescale
►Future
products in volume production today
road map to cover all types of LED backlight requirements
Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2009.
TM
33
Q&A
► Thank
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answer session.
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