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Essentials of Geology Structure and composition of Earth Solid Earth Bilingual group Faculty of Education, UCM Contents Earth’s interior structure Lithosphere vs crust Seismic waves Earth’s interior Density (g/cm3) <3.0 3.4 10.5 16 -Ni alloy http://ed.ted.com/on/a9ogBrc3 Lithosphere vs crust The crust and the lithosphere both are names for the outermost part of the solid earth, but they are defined in different ways. http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/inside.h tml The crust and the next layer down, the mantle, are defined by their composition (chemical properties). How to study the composition of the different layers? Using the speed of earthquake waves (or manmade seismic waves from explosions, etc.). See next slide. The lithosphere in defined by physical properties, rather than chemical properties. Confusingly, these can also be measured by the speed of earthquake waves. The lithosphere includes all of the crust and some of the upper mantle as well. Below the lithosphere is another part of the mantle, known as the asthenosphere, which behaves like plastic. Seismic waves http://ed.ted.com/on/d1VqoQY3 http://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/L abs/SeismicWaves/seismic.swf Essentials of Geology Solid Earth Credits: TED-Ed videos http://ed.ted.com/on/a9ogBrc3 http://ed.ted.com/on/d1VqoQY3 USGS http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/inside.html University of Utah http://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/Labs/SeismicWaves/seismic.swf Bilingual group Faculty of Education, UCM Please send your comments and suggestions regarding this presentation to [email protected]
