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Stars
February 17, 2015
What's Going On?
It's a... Bear?
Life Cycle of a Star
HR Diagram
Learning Goal ­ I will be able to describe the birth and life cycle of a star.
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Stars
February 17, 2015
Homework Check
Show me all of the homework you have done this unit.
Pg. 267
Pg. 277
Pg. 288
1, 8, 9, 12
1, 2, 9, 10, 11
2, 3, 6, 7, 8
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Stars
February 17, 2015
Term Table Time
*Before we look them up, let's try and figure them out!
Constellation
Asterism
Astonomical Phenomenon
Protostar
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"Seeing" A Black Hole
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Burning Questions
1. What are stars made of?
2. What do stars look like up close?
3. What colour are stars?
4. If our star (the Sun) is 1.4 million km wide,
a. what is the size of the smallest star?
b. what is the size of the largest star?
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Stars
February 17, 2015
Burning Questions
1. What are stars made of?
Dust and Gas
dust and gas and plasma
dust and gas and plasma and electricity
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Burning Questions
2. What do stars look like up close?
Ball of plasma
immensely bright
fire ball
they have lumps
they have "solar flares""
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Burning Questions
3. What colour are stars?
every colour white
many different many same
all oragne and yellow
colour depends on distance from our eye
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Burning Questions
4. If our star (the Sun) is 1.4 million km wide,
a. what is the size of the smallest star?
a speck
1000 km
1 km
b. what is the size of the largest star?
100 000 000 000 000 km
(100 trillion)
Infinite
3 AU (350 million)
5 billion
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February 17, 2015
Star Types
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Star Sizes
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Milky Way Stars
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It's a ... Bear?
You have probably noticed, when looking at the sky at night, that some stars look as though they are grouped ____________________ into a distinct _____________________. Perhaps the best known star pattern in the northern hemisphere is the _________ ________________.
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It's a ... Bear?
The ______ ___________________ is actually just part of a larger star pattern known as ____________ ___________________, which is itself a _________________________.
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It's a ... Bear?
A constellation is a group of stars that, from Earth, have a recognizable form. Some other constellations are: Saggitarius
Ursa Major
Cancer
Ursa Minor
Hercules
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Stars
February 17, 2015
It's a ... Bear?
Though you may think that the Big Dipper is a astermism
constellation, it is actually an _______________, a smaller star pattern within a constellation.
Though star patters we see at night appear to be the same distance from Earth, they are actually not. When viewed from elsewhere these star patterns would not be visible.
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Stars
February 17, 2015
A Star is Born
_________ stars form inside a collapsing ____________________, a cloud of dust and gases. This collapse can be triggered by the _________________________________ attraction of a nearby star or the shockwave from an __________________________ star.
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A Star is Born
Inside a collapsing ________________, the region with the _________________ amount of matter will start to draw material towards it through ______________________.
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A Star is Born
The material falling inward to the _________ has excess ________________ that causes the central ball of material to begin to ________________. Extremely high _________________ build up inside the ball, which in turn causes tightly packed ___________ to heat up. As the ____________________ climbs, the core begins to glow. This is called a __________________, a star in its __________ stage of formation.
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February 17, 2015
A Star is Born
Eventually, the temperature of the spinning __________________ rises to ________________ of degrees Celsius. This is hot enough for ______________ reactions to start. Over tens of thousands of years, the ____________ from the core gradually reaches the star’s outside and the star “switches on” and begins to __________.
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Stars
February 17, 2015
The "Life Cycle" of a Star
The term "Life Cycle" is often used to describe the path that the life of an organism takes from birth to death, and beyond.
Can you think of any "Cycles" that you know?
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The "Life Cycle" of a Star
With a small group, try and map out the life cycle of a star.
NO PEEKING!
You did this last time.
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Your Star Cycles
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The "Life Cycle" of a Star
The way in which a star evolves in its lifetime depends on the ________ it had when it originally formed. Stars fall into __________ general mass categories: low, medium and high.
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The "Life Cycle" of a Star
Low Mass Stars
1. Use their ______________ much more ____________ than more massive stars
2. Can last for ______ ______________ years
3. With ________ gravity and __________ pressures than other stars, the ______________ reactions in the core happen at a relatively ________ rate
4. Shine ____________ as small red stars called ______ ____________
5. The light of a ______ ____________ stars dim and gradually grows ____________
6. As they burn out they ________________ under their own ______________
7. ______ ____________ eventually cool into smaller __________ ____________
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The "Life Cycle" of a Star
Medium Mass Stars
1.
Burn their fuel ____________ than low mass stars
2.
Use their ________________ up in about ____ ______________ years
3.
Eventually, the star will ________________ under its own gravity
4.
This process of ____________________ raises the ____________________ and ______________ inside the star, and the star actually __________________!
5.
As the star reheats, it expands rapidly into a ______ __________
6.
Eventually, even the ____________ fuel burns out and the star collapses again and slowly burns out
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February 17, 2015
The "Life Cycle" of a Star
High Mass Stars
1.
More than _____ times the mass of the Sun
2.
As ______________ pulls matter into the center of the star, the ______________ reactions accelerate making high mass stars ____________, ______________, and __________ than other stars
3.
Always come to a ______________ end in less than ______ ______________ years
4.
As the star collapses, it ______________into a ____________________
5.
When the ____________ fuel runs out the core __________________ again and continues to go through many cycles of ________________ and __________________ as new elements including ________ are formed in its core
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Going Supernova
Supernovas: The Violent End of High Mass Stars
When ________ fuses, it does not release __________. If too much of the ________ of a high mass star is made up of ________, the star will “turn off” over a period of ________________
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February 17, 2015
Going Supernova
With no ________ left to produce heat energy, the star ________________ one final time, so fast and intensely that the ________ of the star heats up to many hundreds of millions of degrees and explodes into a _________________.
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February 17, 2015
Going Supernova
The explosion releases enough ____________ to cause the ________ and other elements to fuse in various combinations. It is in this way that all of the ________________ of the ________________ __________ have been formed.
As the elements are sent out into space, some of the debris and elements from the old star create new ______________ out of which new star and planet systems may form.
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Going Supernova
The star’s remaining core after a supernova explosion will turn into either a ______________ star or a __________ ________ depending on the mass of the original star.
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Going Supernova
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The Hertzsprung‐Russell Diagram
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The Hertzsprung‐Russell Diagram
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The Hertzsprung‐Russell Diagram
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The Hertzsprung‐Russell Diagram
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The Hertzsprung‐Russell Diagram
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February 17, 2015
The Hertzsprung‐Russell Diagram
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The Hertzsprung‐Russell Diagram
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Homework!
Pg. 305
2 ­ 9, 11, 12
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Attachments
1 ­ Intro to Space ­ 1 ­ Contact Opening Scene.mp4
Intro to Space ­ The Beginning of the Universe.mp4
1 ­ Intro to Space ­ 1 ­ Celestial Objects.mp4
1 ­ Intro to Space ­ 2 ­ How Many.mp4
1 ­ Intro to Space ­ 4 ­ What Makes a Planet.mp4
1 ­ Z ­ Intro to Space ­ How Many Universes.mp4
A ­ Intro to Space ­ 1 ­ Contact Opening Scene.mp4
B1 ­ Stars ­ Star Size Comparison.mp4
B1 ­ (Stars) ­ Star Types.mp4
B1 ­ (Stars) ­ Massive Stars in the Milky Way.mp4
B1 ­ (Stars) ­ Tracking Stars Orbiting the Milky Way's Central Black Hole.mp4