Download Section 2: The Rise of Greek City States LEQ: How did government

Section 2: The Rise of Greek City States
LEQ: How did government and Culture develop as Greek city states grew
Vocab
• Polis
• Acropolis
• Citizen
• Monarchy
• Aristocracy
• oligarchy
• Phalanx
• Sparta
• Athens
• Democracy
• Tyrant
• legislature
Geography Shapes Greece
• Landscape Defines Political Boundaries
• Greece was divided into separate city states surrounded by mountains
• The Greeks fiercely defended the independence of their city-states, and endless
rivalry led to war
• Life by the Sea
• Importance of the sea
• Vital link to the outside world
• Became skilled sailors
• Trade impacted Greek culture
• Governing the City-States
• Polis
•
made up of a major city or town and its surrounding countryside
• Built on two levels
• On the top level was the acropolis or high city with great marble
temples dedicated to the gods and goddesses
• The bottom level was the walled city
• Types of Government Evolve
• At first the city state was ruled by a king (monarchy)
• Power then shifted to a small class of noble landowners (aristocracy)
• As trade expanded power shifted to a small class of the wealthy elite (oligarchy)
• New Warfare Shapes Greece
• 650 B.C iron weapons replaced bronze
• Phalanx: new method of fighting requiring large numbers of heavily armed foot soldiers
and long hours of tactical training
• Led to a decrease in class differences and the rise of two main city states
• Sparta
• Daily Life Ruled by Discipline
• Preparation for life in the military started young for the males of Sparta
• Women of Sparta
• Expected to produce healthy sons for the army
• Took on more responsibilities when the men were away at war
• Athens
•
Demands for Change
• Athens moved towards a democracy
• Solon Reforms Government
• Outlawed debt slavery and freed those who had already been sold into slavery
for debt
• Granted more rights to citizens
• Despite his efforts citizenship remained limited which led to the rise of tyrants
• A Limited Democracy
• Only citizens could participate in government, citizenship was limited to
landholding men
Section 3: Conflict in the Greek World
LEQ: How did war with invaders and conflicts among the Greeks affect the city-state?
Vocab
• Alliance
• Pericles
• Direct democracy
• Stipend
• Jury
• ostracism
• The Persian Wars
• Athenians win at Marathon
• A small group of Athenians were victorious over Darius the First’ Persian Army
• The Persian Wars
• Greek City-States Unite
• The Greek city-states worked together to defeat the great Persian Army
• Persian Wars
• Athens Leads the Delian League
• Athens emerged from the wars as the most powerful city-state and formed an
alliance with the other Greek city-states known as the Delian League
• Quick Check
• What factors led to the Persian defeat?
• Quick Check
• What factors led to the Persian defeat?
• Athenian assistance in the Ionian revolt
• Unification of the Greek City States
• Greek preparation
• The Age of Pericles and Direct Democracy
• Athenian Democracy
• Direct democracy: the citizens took part directly in the day to day affairs of
government
• Men who served on the assemble received a stipend so that poor men could serve
as well
• Athenians served on juries
• Public figures could be ostracized
• Culture Thrives in Athens
• Rebuilt the Acropolis
• Turned Athens into the cultural center of Greece
• Encouraged the arts and building projects
•
• Created jobs for Athenians
• Check Point: Describe Pericles influence on Athens
The Peloponnesian War
• Sparta Defeats Athens
• Athens was weakened by geographic disadvantages
• Sparta was inland, therefore Athens could not use its powerful navy to attack
• Pericles tried to protect his people by moving them all to the city which led to
overcrowded conditions and plague that killed many Athenians, including
Pericles himself
• Greek Dominion Declines
• Checkpoint…How did conflict lead to the decline of Athens?