Download The Restless Earth Unit Study Guide 1. What is the outermost layer

The Restless Earth Unit Study Guide
1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?____________________________________________________
2. The layer made of solid rock that slowly flows.______________________________________________________
3. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by _________________________________.
4. What is used to map the deep interior of the Earth?_________________________________________________
5. What can tectonic plates form when they converge?_________________________________________________
6. The fact that similar fossils are found on both sides of the ocean is evidence of ___________________________.
7. How do fossils help prove that the continents move?_________________________________________________
8. What is the name of the giant continent that was once composed of all of the land on Earth?________________
9. What is it called when Earth’s magnetic poles switch places?__________________________________________
10. What have magnetic reversals helped to support?___________________________________________________
11. In sea-floor spreading molten material rises from the mantle and erupts where?__________________________
12. A force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume is called _____________________________________.
13. In a normal fault, where does the hanging wall move relative to the footwall?_____________________________
14. In a reverse fault, where does the hanging wall move relative to the footwall?____________________________
15. What type of stress produces a reverse fault?_______________________________________________________
16. What landform is made when normal faults cause valleys to drop down on either side of a block of
rock?_______________________________________________________________________________________
17. What type of mountains are formed by magma that reaches Earth’s surface?_____________________________
18. A large area of land elevated high above sea level is called a _________________________________________.
19. What type of seismic waves arrive at the surface first and move like an accordion?_________________________
20. S waves are known as _________________________________________________________________________.
21. Compared to P waves and S waves, surface waves move _______________________________________.
22. How can a volcanic eruption change the climate?____________________________________________________
23. If a volcano erupted and ash flew 80 km into the air, how do you think this eruption would affect the global
climate?_____________________________________________________________________________________
24. If the supervolcano at Yellowstone erupts, how will it affect Oklahoma’s climate?__________________________
25. A funnel-shaped pit near a volcano’s central vent.___________________________________________________
26. A wide, flat landform; usually covers a large area.___________________________________________________
27. A large, semicircular depression over a magma chamber._____________________________________________
28. Where do most active volcanoes form?___________________________________________________________
29. How are volcanoes created?____________________________________________________________________
30. Stress that squeezes a rock layer.________________________________________________________________
31. Stress that stretches a rock layer.________________________________________________________________
32. How do the tectonic plates move at a convergent boundary?__________________________________________
33. How do the tectonic plates move at a divergent boundary?____________________________________________
34. How do the tectonic plates move at a transform boundary?___________________________________________
35. A collision of two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary produces a ________________________.
36. Rift valleys form at ____________________________________ boundaries.
37. The process by which ocean floor sinks in a deep-ocean trench is called_________________________________.
38. The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquak e is called the _____
39. Which scale would most likely be used to tell how much earthquake damage was done to homes and other
buildings?____________________________________________________
40. Patrick and SpongeBob love to blow bubbles! Patrick found some Super Bubble Soap at Sail-Mart. The ads claim
that Super Bubble Soap will produce bubbles that are twice as big as bubbles made with regular bubble soap.
Patrick and SpongeBob made up two samples of bubble solution. One sample was made with 5 oz. of Super
Bubble Soap and 5 oz. of water, while the other was made with the same amount of water and 5 oz. of regular
bubble soap. Patrick and SpongeBob used their favorite bubble wands to blow 10 different bubbles and did their
best to measure the diameter of each one.
A. What is the independent variable?____________________________________________________________
B. What is the dependent variable?______________________________________________________________
C. What is the control?________________________________________________________________________
D. List a controlled variable.____________________________________________________________________