Download Gravity and circular motion review

Gravity and circular motion review
1. If the mass of one of two objects is increased, the force of
attraction between them will
A) decrease
C) remain the same
B) increase
Base your answers to questions 6 through 9 on the diagram
below which represents a 5.0-kilogram object revolving around
a circular track in a horizontal plane at a constant speed. The
radius of the track is 20. meters and the centripetal force on the
object is 4.0 × 102 Newtons.
2. A car rounds a horizontal curve of constant radius at a constant
speed. Which diagram best represents the directions of both the
car’s velocity, v, and acceleration, a?
A)
B)
C)
D)
6. In the position shown, the object's centripetal acceleration is
directed toward point
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
7. The object's centripetal acceleration is
3. The diagram below represents the path of a planet moving in an
elliptical orbit around a star. The orbital period of the planet is
1,000 days.
A) 0.012 m/s²
C) 80. m/s²
B) 20. m/s²
D) 1.0 × 102 m/s2
8. In the position shown, the object's velocity is directed toward
point
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
9. The object's speed is
A) 20. m/s B) 40. m/s
C) 60. m/s D) 80. m/s
10. The magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects is
20. Newtons. If the mass of each object were doubled, the
magnitude of the gravitational force between the objects would
be
According to Kepler's laws, how many days are required for the
planet to travel from the starting point to point X?
A) 400
B) 350
C) 300
D) 250
4. As the distance of a satellite from the Earth's surface increases,
the time the satellite takes to make one revolution around the
Earth
A) decreases
C) remains the same
B) increases
5. A satellite is moving at constant speed in a circular orbit about the
Earth, as shown in the diagram below.
A) 5.0 N
B) 10. N
C) 20. N
D) 80 N
11. If the distance between two masses were tripled, the
gravitational force between them would be
A) 1/9 as great
C) 3 times as great
B) 1/3 as great
D) 9 times as great
12. The weight of a 2.0-kilogram mass on planet A is 40 Newtons.
The acceleration due to gravity on planet A is closest to
A) 20 m/s2
C) 80 m/s2
B) 2.0 m/s2
D) 40 m/s2
13. The shape of the Earth's orbit is
A) circular
C) helical
B) elliptical
D) spherical
14. If the mass of one of two particles is doubled and the distance
between them is doubled, the force of attraction between the
two particles will
The net force acting on the satellite is directed toward point
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
A) decrease
C) remain the same
B) increase
Gravity and circular motion review
15. A space probe is launched into space from Earth’s surface. Which graph represents the relationship between the magnitude
of the gravitational force exerted on Earth by the space probe and the distance between the space probe and the center of
Earth?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the information
and diagram below.
19. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram
below which represents several satellites in orbit around a
planet.
The diagram shows a student seated on a rotating
circular platform, holding a 2.0-kilogram block with a
spring scale. The block is 1.2 meters from the center of the
platform. The block has a constant speed of 8.0 meters per
second. [Frictional forces on the block are negligible.]
Which satellite has the longest period?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
20. The diagram below shows the movement of a planet around the
Sun. Area 1 equals area 2.
16. Which statement best describes the block’s movement as the
platform rotates?
A) Its velocity is directed tangent to the circular path, with an
inward acceleration.
B) Its velocity is directed tangent to the circular path, with an
outward acceleration.
C) Its velocity is directed perpendicular to the circular path,
with an inward acceleration.
D) Its velocity is directed perpendicular to the circular path,
with an outward acceleration.
17. The reading on the spring scale is approximately
A) 20. N
B) 53 N
C) 110 N
D) 130 N
18. A 0.50-kilogram object moves in a horizontal circular path with
a radius of 0.25 meter at a constant speed of 4.0 meters per
second. What is the magnitude of the object’s acceleration?
A) 8.0 m/s2
C) 32 m/s2
B) 16 m/s2
D) 64 m/s2
Compared to the time the planet takes to move from C to D, the
time it takes to move from A to B is
A) less
C) the same
B) greater
21. As the distance between two objects increases, the gravitational
force of attraction between them will
A) decrease
C) remain the same
B) increase
Gravity and circular motion review
Base your answers to questions 22 and 23 on the information
and diagram below.
27. In the diagram below, a cart travels clockwise at constant speed
in a horizontal circle.
An athlete in a hammer-throw event swings a
7.0-kilogram hammer in a horizontal circle at a constant
speed of 12 meter per second. The radius of the hammer's
path is 2.0 meters
At the position shown in the diagram, which arrow indicates the
direction of the centripetal acceleration of the cart?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
28. The diagram shows two bowling balls, A and B, each having a
mass of 7.00 kilograms, placed 2.00 meters apart.
22. At the position shown, the centripetal force acting on the
hammer is directed toward point
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
23. If the hammer is released at the position shown, it will travel
toward point
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
24. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram
below which shows the path of an object moving
counterclockwise in a circle of radius 2.0 meters. The speed of
the object is 6.0 meters per second and the mass of the object is
0.2 kilogram.
When the object is at point P, the direction of the acceleration of
the object is toward point
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
25. A satellite weighs 200 newtons on the surface of Earth. What is
its weight at a distance of one Earth radius above the surface of
Earth?
A) 50 N
B) 100 N
C) 400 N
D) 800 N
26. Two bodies attract each other with a gravitational force of 10.0
Newtons. What will be the force of attraction if the mass of
each body is doubled?
A) 5 N
B) 10 N
C) 20 N
D) 40 N
What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by ball
A on ball B?
A) 8.17 × 10–9 N
C) 8.17 × 10–10 N
B) 1.63 × 10–9 N
D) 1.17 × 10–10 N
29. The diagram below shows the elliptical orbit of a comet around
the Sun
The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the comet is
greatest at point
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Gravity and circular motion review
30. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram
below. A planet, P. moves around the Sun, S, in an elliptical
orbit. The amount of time required for the planet to travel from
point A to point B is equal to the amount of time required to
travel from point C to point D.
As the planet moves from point B to point C, how do its kinetic
energy and potential energy change?
A) Its kinetic energy decreases, and its potential energy
decreases.
B) Its kinetic energy decreases, and its potential energy
increases.
C) Its kinetic energy increases, and its potential energy
decreases.
D) Its kinetic energy increases, and its potential energy
increases.
Answer Key
Gravity and circular motion review
1.
B
2.
C
3.
C
4.
B
5.
B
6.
D
7.
C
8.
A
9.
B
10.
D
11.
A
12.
A
13.
B
14.
A
15.
B
16.
A
17.
C
18.
D
19.
D
20.
C
21.
A
22.
A
23.
B
24.
D
25.
A
26.
D
27.
A
28.
C
29.
A
30.
C