Download SECTION 2.3 = CARBON COMPOUNDS I. WHY CARBON? What

SECTION 2.3 = CARBON COMPOUNDS
I. WHY CARBON?
What makes carbon (C) the basis of all living things?

Carbon has ______ valence electrons

This means carbon (C) can bond with many elements including
___________________ (H), ________________(O), ____________________(P),
___________________ (S), and ____________________ (N).

Carbon can also bond to other carbon atoms giving them the ability to make
__________________________________________________

No other element has the ______________________ of carbon
Why Carbon (continued) - more characteristics of carbon
1.
2.
3. Carbon-carbon bonds can be
Draw:
single
Double
triple
Carbon compounds come in a _________________________________________ – like
chains, __________ and ____________.
II. MACROMOLECULES
Carbon is good at making _______________________________, which are
___________________________________.
Macromolecules are formed by joining ______________ numbers of
________________________ together.
The small units are called _______________________________.
The ___________________________ subunits may be identical or they may not be.
The giant molecules are __________________________________.
The process of connecting the little _________________into huge _________________
is called ________________________.
There are 4 groups of organic macromolecules:
1.
2.
3.
4.
III. CARBOHYDRATES
Carbo =
Hydrate =
______________ units, ratio is _________________________________________
Living things use carbohydrates as ____________________________________
________________ and some _______________ also use carbohydrates for
______________________________________
The monomers (small subunits) that make up large carbohydrates are called
__________________________________________
__________________________ are large carbohydrate macromolecules made up of
________________________________ monomers.
Two of the most important and common monosaccharides are
______________________ and ______________________.
Both have the _________________________ C 6 H 1 2 O 6 , but have different
_________________________.
IV. LIPIDS
Common categories of lipids are:
1.
2.
3.
Lipids can be used __________________________________________
Some lipids are important parts of ___________________________________
Lipids contain ______________________________________
Many lipids are formed when a ______________________ molecule combines with
____________________________ (see pg. 46 in text)

Saturated fats are those that contain the
_____________________________________ (think “saturated with H”).

Another way of thinking about saturated fats is that

Unsaturated fats are those that contain
_____________________________________________________________

Polyunsaturated fats are those lipids with
________________________________________________
OIL
Fat vs. Oil
FAT
IV. NUCLEIC ACIDS
Nucleic acids contain
Nucleic acids are __________________________ assembled from small monomer
units called ______________________________.
•
Nucleic acids store and transmit ______________________, or
____________________, information.
•
There are two kinds of nucleic acids:
1.
2.
DNA and RNA have different ______________ molecules at their core
(_________________________, _______________________).
Structure pg. 47
IV. PROTEINS
Proteins are macromolecules that contain
polymers of ________________________________
There are more than _____________________________________________ that can
be arranged in any order in a protein.
See pg. 47 for amino acid structures.
The varying part of amino acids is called the _________________________
Types of Proteins:
1. Some proteins control
2. Some are used to form __________________________________________
Others transport substances _____________ or ________________ cells or help to
_____________________________
Carbon
Compounds
include