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Chapter 23: Texans and World War II
1.
2.
3.
Name
Significance
Dwight Eisenhower
Born in Dennison, TX, he commanded all Allied forces
in Europe during WWII.
Oveta Culp Hobby
Born in Killeen, TX; Commander of the Women’s
Army Corps (WAC). Wrote policies, designed uniforms, and helped recruit women all over the country.
Samuel Dealy
Born in Dallas, he was the “most decorated sailor” in
the U.S. Navy
4.
Doris “Dorie” Miller
Born in Waco, he was an African-American sailor who
distinguished himself during the attack on Pearl Harbor by manning an anti-aircraft gun aboard the USS
West Virginia
5.
Admiral Chester Nimitz
Born in Fredericksburg, TX; the commander of the
U.S. Forces in the Pacific
6.
Franklin Roosevelt
President of the United States at the beginning of
World War II. He made military equipment available
to the Allies before the U.S was involved in the war
through the Lend-Lease Act
7. Why did dictators come to power in some European countries during the 1930s?
Because many nations suffered economic downturns during the 1930s
8. What countries made up the Allies during World War II?
England, China, France, Russia, United States
9. What countries created the Axis Powers? What did the treaty they signed with each other say?
Germany, Italy and Japan; they agreed not to attack each other
10. Why did they call themselves the Axis powers?
They believed that the world would revolve around them
11. When did Japan attack Pear Harbor? What did it mean for the Americans?
December 7, 1941; The United States was officially at war
12. In his speech to the joint session of Congress, President Roosevelt called December 7, 1941, a
“day that will live in
infamy
.”
Cause
Effect
Japan cuts off the supply of rubber
from Southeast Asia to the U.S.
U.S. scientists discover ways to
make synthetic rubber from petroleum.
Japan eliminates the U.S. supply of
tin from Southeast Asia.
The U.S. constructs the world’s
largest tin-smelting facility in Texas
City.
German subs sink tanker ships carrying fuel from Texas to the East
Coast.
U.S. engineers build underground
pipelines for petroleum products.
Area of Texas
Dallas-Fort Worth
Wartime Production
Airplane production
Daingerfield and Houston Steel production
Port Arthur, Orange Beau- Ship production
mont, Houston, Brownsville and Rockport.
Texas coast from the
Brazos River to Sabine
River
Gasoline, aviation fuel and petrochemicals
What are 5 ways in which Texans at home during the war made sacrifices for the war effort?
1. Sugar, meat, gasoline, tires, and other scarce items were rationed to Texans according to need
and the item’s value.
2. planted victory gardens
3. collected scrap iron for use in manufacture of war supplies
4. contributed to the Red Cross and other agencies that served people in uniform
5.
In 1945 the long war finally came to an end. As Allied forces entered Germany, they discovered horrors beyond imagination. Millions of innocent people, especially Jews, had been killed in concentration camps.
These camps were established to advance the Nazi government's idea of a superior race. The efforts to destroy these people is known as the Holocaust. Many Texas Jews lost relatives during this time.
Topic
Changes brought about by the topic
Demobilization
Plants that produced ships and airplanes began to produce consumer
goods such as refrigerators and automobile; Female factory workers were
fired; Agriculture became more mechanized and required fewer workers
The Supreme Court ruled that all-white primaries in Texas were illegal.
Supreme Court Case:
Smith vs. Allwright
Herman Sweatt, an African-American applied to the University of Texas
Supreme Court Case: law school and was rejected because of his race. The supreme court ruled
that university had to admit him
Sweatt vs. Painter
Helped returning servicemen by paying for the veterans to attend college,
and lead to the economic prosperity that the United States has enjoyed
GI Bill of Rights
Baby Boom
Communism and the
Cold War
After the war, many veterans return and got married and started raising
families. Large numbers of babies were being born in the United States,
leading to a growth in population
Communism is an economic system in which property is owned by the
government rather than individuals. The United States was committed to
containing or stopping the spread of communism.
The Cold War was a time of smaller, localized hostilities. In 1950 the Cold
War lead to the Korean War.
1. Dictators came to power around the world
1930s
1939
2. Axis powers united
3. Germany invades Poland and World War II begins in Europe
4. Many European countries enter the war
1941
5. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor on December 7
6.U.S. enters World War II against Axis Powers
7. Texans move to cities in large numbers to work in factories
1942
8. More women and African-Americans began working in factories
9. Oveta Culp Hobby organizes the WAAC
1943
1944
10.Ration boards register all over Texas
11. Congress passes the GI Bill of Rights
1945
12. World War II end in May in Europe and in August in the Pacific
1946
13. The “Baby Boom” begins
1950
14. U.S. enters the Korean War to fight Communism