Download 7B Study Guide: Human Body System

7B Study Guide: Human Body System
1. System organization: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
2. Muscle types and where they can be found:
a.
Smooth: digestive system
b. Cardiac: heart
c. Skeletal: enables bones to move
3. Five main parts of cardiovascular system: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood
4. Four main components of blood: white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), platelets,
plasma
5. Parts of respiratory system: See #6
6. The Big 8 Body Systems:
a. Digestive: breaks down food so that it can be used in the body (mouth/teeth,
esophagus, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, liver, gall bladder and large intestine)
b. Cardiovascular/Circulatory: collection of organs that transports blood throughout the
body (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries)
c. Nervous: sends electrical signals throughout the body and found in the brain and
sensory organs (brain, spinal cord, and nerves)
d. Respiratory: the process by which the body takes in oxygen (O2) and releases carbon
dioxide (CO2) (Organs: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli,
diaphragm
e. Skeletal: organ system whose primary function is to support and protect the body
and allow the body to move (bones) Inside of bones – spongy and compact bone, marrow
and cartilage
f. Muscular: the) organ system whose primary function is movement and flexibility
(muscles, tendons, and ligaments
g. Integumentary: organ system that forms a protecting covering on the outside of the
body (skin)
7B Study Guide: Human Body System
h. Immune: cells and tissues that recognize and attack toxins, pathogens, unknown
substances (tonsils, spleen, lymphatic system
7. Function of the Big 8: See #6
8. Function of the diaphragm: dome shaped muscle beneath the lungs. When you inhale the
muscle contracts and the lungs fill with oxygen. When the muscle relaxes you exhale and
release carbon dioxide.
9. Pulmonary Circulation: Definition and function: the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs
and back to the heart
10. Systemic Circulation: the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body system and
back to the heart
11. Know blood types. A, B, AB, and O
12. Describe each of the following:
a.
Cells: smallest unit of life
b. Tissue: group of similar cells that perform a common function
c.
d.
13.
Organ: collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
Organ system: organs that work together make up an organ system.
What is a nerve made of? A collection of axons bundled together with blood vessels
and connective tissue
14. What is the outside layer of the skin called? Epidermis
15. List three functions of bones. Help support and protect parts of your body, work with
muscles to help you move, store minerals and make blood cells
16.
How does the integumentary system (skin) Helps keep you alive (4 facts)?protects you
by keeping water in the body and foreign particles out, keeps you in touch with the
environment (touch), helps regulate body temperature, rids the body of wastes (sweat)
17. What are the main functions of blood? Supplies cells with oxygen and nutrients, helps
regulate body temperature
7B Study Guide: Human Body System
18. Which system works with the cardiovascular/circulatory system to return excess fluid back to
your body?
19. Which organ passes oxygen to the blood?
20. Which side of your heart pumps blood that needs oxygen? Right side of the heart
21.
What is the purpose of nerves? A collection of nerve fibers where impulses travel
between the central nervous system and other parts of the body
22. What does the immune system do for you? Fights pathogens, toxins and foreign substances
(keeps you well)
23. What is the function of the kidneys? Filter water and wastes from the blood and excretes
urine
24. What is the function of the endocrine system? A collection of glands and groups of cells that
secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis
25. What is the function of the urinary system? The organs that make, store, and eliminate
urine
26. What is the job of each of the following organelles?
a. Lysosome
b. Nucleus – “brain” and command center of the cell
c. Mitochondria – power source of the cell
d. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
e. Cell membrane – the protective barrier surrounding the cell allowing some things to
enter and some to exit