Download Cold War Freedom 1.2 - Harlan Independent Schools

THE COLD WAR BEGINS
For Tuesday, May 10, 2011:
Read Out of Many 931-39; 942-48 (top)
Juniors: Answer the starred (**) questions in writing. Due on Friday. Seniors will have an
assignment to do in class.
Study Questions (Make appropriate notes)
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As World War II drew to a close, why were American leaders concerned about
postwar trade and international markets? What role would the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank play in promoting economic rebuilding
and future peace? **
How did differences over the future of Europe end cooperation between the four
major Allies (U.S., Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union)?**
What new international organization came out of World War II? What provision of
its charter gave the five major Allies the ability to dominate its decision-making?
What was the UN’s greatest accomplishment in the early years of its existence?
What was the Cold War? What famous metaphor from a 1946 by Winston
Churchill was used to describe the division between East and West? Which side
was which?
What was the Truman Doctrine and under what circumstances was it created?
How did Truman justify this policy?
How did the U.S. assist European countries in recovering from the war? Why did it
worsen relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union? ID: Marshall Plan,
GATT**
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Why did Stalin impose a blockade on access to Berlin in 1948? How did the
Western allies force an end to the blockade?
What was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and what was its
purpose? How did joining NATO mark a major shift in American policy on
alliances? What alliance did the Soviet Union create in response to NATO?**
What led to the beginning of a nuclear arms race between East and West?
How did the National Security Act of 1947 transform the defense of the United
States? What impact did this transformation have on the economy? ID: National
Security Council, Department of Defense, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)**
What policies and laws were enacted to assure that those serving in government
were loyal citizens and to prevent Communists and subversives from exercising
influence in public life? What were the unintended consequences of these
programs? ID: Federal Loyalty and Security Program, McCarran Act, Immigration
and Nationality Act
What was the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)? Why did it
investigate the movie industry and what were the consequences?
How did the spy cases of the era add to the national sense of anxiety? Why do
these cases remain controversial? ID: Alger Hiss, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Who was Joseph R. McCarthy? What charges did he make and how did his efforts
to expose Communists play on the fears of the public? In what respect did the
tactics he used resemble those of the Communists he sought to expose?**
How did sexual issues figure in the hunt for subversives? Why?
What brought about McCarthy’s downfall?
Vocabulary
hegemony: exercising a dominant influence over
hegemon: dominant or principal leader
transnational ideological conflict: a conflict between belief systems which crosses
international borders. A current example is our engagement with Islamic terrorists.
decolonization: the ending of colonial rule in Third World countries, primarily as the
result of local independence movements
COLD WAR FREEDOM: KOREA AND ANTI-COMMUNISM
The Freedom Train in Los
Angeles, 1948
Korean children, 1951
Reception tent for returning
U.S. POWs, Korea 1953
For Wednesday, May 11, 2011
Readings: Story of American Freedom 249-59; Out of Many 954-58; Familiarize
yourself with the attached maps.
Juniors: Answer the starred (**) questions to turn in. Seniors will have an assignment in
class.
Story of American Freedom:
17. What was the purpose of the Freedom Train (1947) and what issues did it raise
about the nature of American freedom?**
18. How did documents such as the Truman Doctrine speech and NSC-68 frame the
conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union?
19. According to critics, how did the policy of containment restrict U.S. options in
dealing with crises around the world? **
20. What irony can be found between the widespread use of the rhetoric of freedom in
the early postwar period and the efforts of antiCommunist crusaders to eliminate
subversives from American life? What evidence indicates that the right of dissent
came under attack from a variety of quarters?
21. What evidence supports Foner’s assertion that “Geopolitical and economic forces
shaped foreign policy as much as the idea of freedom”? Which was more
important in defining whether a country was part of the “free world”—political or
economic systems? **
22. How did various political and social organizations use the rhetoric of freedom and
antiCommunism to advance their own agendas?
23. What events brought civil rights to the forefront in the late 1940s and early 1950s?
24. How did the Cold War impact the drive for civil rights? How did civil rights
leaders link the transnational ideological conflict with the civil rights agenda?
Out of Many:
1.
How did the U.S. transform Japan following the war? ID: Douglas MacArthur
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How did China fall into the Communist camp? What were the political
repercussions of this in the United States? The Nationalists fled to the island of
Taiwan and established their own government there. Locate Taiwan on the map.
ID: Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek
What factors led to the Korean War? Why was it officially referred to a “police
action?” **
What decision by the Truman administration led to Chinese entrance into the war?
What happened as a result?
Why did President Truman fire General MacArthur?
What was NSC-68? How did Truman implement the policy recommendations
contained in this document? ** (can also draw on Foner in answering)
What were the consequences of the Korean War for the United States?