Download Chapter 8 Review Test - Bismarck Public Schools

Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________
Chapter 8 Review Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Most earthquakes happen at the edges of
a. tectonic plates.
b. elastic deformations.
c. earthquake zones.
d. shear waves.
____
2. Which of the following is NOT a type of plate motion?
a. transform motion
c. divergent motion
b. convergent motion
d. rebound motion
____
3. A break in Earth’s crust along which blocks of crust slide relative to one another is
a. a plate.
c. a fault.
b. a deformation.
d. an earthquake.
____
4. Which of the following is a type of body wave?
a. shear wave
c. reverse wave
b. surface wave
d. transform wave
____
5. Another word for an earthquake’s strength is its
a. magnitude.
c. epicenter.
b. intensity.
d. focus.
____
6. When should you return to your home after an earthquake?
a. when someone in authority tells you to
b. as soon as the shaking stops
c. when the aftershocks begin
d. when you get hungry
____
7. The waves of energy from earthquakes that travel through Earth are called
a. earthquake waves.
c. gap waves.
b. transform waves
d. seismic waves.
____
8. The strength of an earthquake is determined by the
a. type of fault on which it occurs.
c. amount of damage it causes.
b. gap hypothesis.
d. amount of ground motion.
____
9. What scale is used to measure the strength of an earthquake?
a. seismogram
c. Richter magnitude
b. gap hypothesis
d. Modified Mercalli Intensity
____
10. One way to forecast earthquakes in a place is to observe their past
a. strength and intensity.
c. frequency and intensity.
b. strength and frequency.
d. magnitude.
1
ID: A
Name: ______________________
ID: A
____
11. If you are in a car on the open road when an earthquake occurs, you should
a. drive away from the area.
b. stop the car and stay inside.
c. stop the car and seek shelter in a ditch.
d. drive slowly to the nearest overpass.
____
12. Strike-slip faults are created by
a. convergent motion.
b. transform motion.
c. transcontinental motion.
d. divergent motion.
____
13. Primary seismic waves
a. are slower than secondary waves.
b. are the result of shearing forces in rock.
c. can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
d. cause Earth’s surface to roll up and down.
____
14. What do seismologists use to determine when an earthquake started?
a. an epicenter
c. a focus
b. a seismogram
d. an intensity scale
____
15. What is the measurement of the strength of an earthquake called?
a. intensity
c. magnitude
b. richter
d. frequency
____
16. What is the degree to which people feel an earthquake and how much damage it causes called?
a. intensity
c. magnitude
b. richter
d. frequency
____
17. What is the measurement of how likely an area is to have damaging earthquakes called?
a. gap hypothesis
c. earthquake hazard
b. seismic gap
d. earthquake frequency
____
18. What is the theory that active faults with few earthquakes in the past will have strong ones in the
future?
a. seismic hypothesis
c. gap hypothesis
b. forecasting hypothesis
d. frequency hypothesis
____
19. What is NOT a good thing to do if you are outdoors when an earthquake starts?
a. Go to a place away from buildings and trees.
b. Run back into your home.
c. Lie face down.
d. Cover your head with your hands.
____
20. What is NOT something you should do before an earthquake?
a. Safeguard your home.
b. Plan a place to meet others.
c. Eat all your stored food.
d. Store food, water, and other useful things.
2
Name: ______________________
ID: A
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
21. When stress increases along faults, rock ____________________ occurs, which in turn can lead to
earthquakes.
22. Transform motion creates ____________________ faults.
23. The magnitude of an earthquake means its ____________________.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
seismograph
epicenter
seismogram
P waves
deformation
elastic rebound
seismic waves
seismic gaps
focus
24. The point at which an earthquake begins, called the ____________________, is located along a fault.
25. There are two types of ____________________ in which rock changes shape because of stress.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
mass damper
base isolator
seismic waves
elastic deformation
26. During elastic rebound, the energy that is released travels as ____________________.
27. Rock that deforms like a stretched rubber band is an example of ____________________.
28. A thing that acts like a shock absorber in an earthquake-resistant building is a(n)
____________________.
29. A weight in the roof of a building that can shift to counteract the movement of the building is the
____________________.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
surface waves
S waves
P waves
body waves
30. P waves and S waves are types of ____________________.
3
Name: ______________________
ID: A
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. seismology
d. seismic waves
b. deformation
e. P waves
c. elastic rebound
f. S waves
____
____
____
____
____
____
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape
seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction
seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth motion
waves of energy that travel through Earth away from an earthquake in all directions
the bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to
stress
36. the branch of Earth science devoted to studying earthquakes
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. seismogram
d. seismograph
b. epicenter
e. Richter magnitude scale
c. focus
f. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
____
____
____
____
____
____
37. instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an
earthquake
38. tracing of earthquake motion that is created by a seismograph
39. scale used to measure earthquake damage
40. point along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs
41. point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s starting point
42. scale used to measure earthquake strength
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. seismic gap
e. gap hypothesis
b. mass damper
f. base isolator
c. earthquake hazard
g. active tendon system
d. flexible pipe
h. retrofitting
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
43. measurement of how likely an area is to have damaging earthquakes
44. hypothesis based on the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an
active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time
45. area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong
earthquakes have occurred in the past
46. process of making older structures more earthquake resistant
47. something that helps keep water and gas lines from breaking in an earthquake
48. something that acts as a shock absorber for a building during an earthquake
49. a weight located at the bottom of a building to help offset building movement
50. a weight placed in the roof of a building to counteract building movement
4