Download 1 SOCIAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT PHILOSPHY The

SOCIAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT
PHILOSPHY
The Social Studies Department of Belen Jesuit Preparatory School believes that the
teaching and learning of geography, history, politics, economics, and psychology should
serve the twin purposes of having students obtain a mature comprehension of social
studies in order to excel in their college education and transmitting to students the human
heritage for the understanding, improvement, and enjoyment of life. By analyzing the
sordid, mundane, and exalted acts of people in society our commitment to justice and our
reliance on faith in God will be enhanced.
The cornerstone of social studies education is to expand the knowledge of a student from
his own community to a greater appreciation of the experiences of his nation as well as
the world. To achieve that broad view necessitates a decent respect due to all people. The
challenge, therefore, of social studies is nothing less than the promotion of character and
peace. In time each individual should then be able to make a fulfilling contribution to the
world's work.
The department encourages participation in a number of school programs outside the
classroom for students to develop their social studies awareness in a variety of learning
styles. Examples include the Student Council, Key Club, Amnesty International, Model
United Nations, the Close-Up Foundation seminar in Washington, D.C., the Latin
American History Club Annual Conference, the Holocaust Memorial Annual Conference,
the Community Service Program, the Dade County Social Studies Knowledge Bowl, the
Current Events Bulletin Board, the Overseas Study Program, and the Patriot Program.The
Belén Social Studies Department thereby advocates multiple opportunities for students to
learn the vista of social studies from knowing facts to practicing the principles of
democracy to learning the historical lessons of the past to serving as Ignatian "men for others".
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OBJECTIVES
A student completing the required courses of study should be able to demonstrate a
competency of the following objectives:
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Follow the local, national, and international current events of the day; identify
strengths and weaknesses of the different news media; and distinguish fact from
opinion.
Use the tools of social studies: maps, globe, charts, tables, graphs, time-lines,
illustrations, library research sources, and computers.
Understand the interaction between human activities and environmental systems
throughout the world.
Acquire the ability to place historical characters and events in their correct time
frame.
Appreciate that a worldly knowledge of history teaches that civilization is a
cooperative product and nearly all people have contributed to it.
Function effectively in a mixed market economy.
Demonstrate a commitment to the five principles of democracy: fundamental
worth of the individual, equality of all persons, majority rule and minority rights,
necessity of compromise, and individual freedom.
Accept the rights, duties, and responsibilities of members in a democratic society.
Demonstrate patriotism through ceremonial functions and holiday observances.
Acquire an appreciation for the beauty and heritage of Latin America.
Become active members in the community for the advancement of society.
Develop critical thinking skills.
Know that the greatest revolution is in the enlightenment of the mind and the
improvement of character.
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WORLD GEOGRAPHY (7200)
PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
• Define geography
• Produce a list of the five themes of geography: location, place, movement, region,
and human environment interaction
• Identify the different tools used by geographers
• Compare and contrast the different types of maps used by cartographers
• Produce different symbols used on a map
• Apply the use of latitude and longitude on a map
• Define absolute location and relative location
• Define the word geology
• Compare and contrast geology with geography
• Explain how forces inside the earth create and change landforms
• List the main ideas of plate tectonics
• Compare the processes of mechanical and chemical weathering
• List and explain the causes of erosion
• Summarize the main types of climate regions
• Identify the main factors that influence climate
• Identify major landforms and water bodies on a physical map
• Distinguish population size from population density
• Analyze a population density map and explain why human settlements are
concentrated there
• Identify the four characteristics that define a country: population, territory,
government and sovereignty
• List renewable and nonrenewable resources
• Explain the distribution of natural resources throughout the world
• Explain why waste disposal has become a problem
• Produce in writing a summary of the film "Help Save Planet Earth"
• Locate three sources of pollution in our community
THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
• List the major landforms of the United States and Canada
• Explain the variations in the climates of the United States and Canada
• Locate on a map the major natural vegetation regions, mountains, and rivers for the
United States and Canada
• Compare and contrast the population of the U.S. and Canada
• Describe the cultural and economic links between the U.S. and Canada
• List and describe the four major regions of the U.S.: Northeast, South, West, and
Midwest
• Identify the United States' major resources
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Identify the five regions of Canada: the Atlantic Provinces, the Great Lakes and St.
Lawrence Provinces, the Prairie Provinces, British Columbia, and the Northern
Territories
Identify reasons for conflict between French and English culture groups in Canada
Identify economic and environmental concerns shared by Canadians
LATIN AMERICA
• List the major landforms, climate, and vegetation zones in Middle America
• Describe the effects of elevation and nearness to oceans on the climate and
vegetation of Middle America
• Describe the landforms and climatic regions of Central America
• Explain how economic problems are related to political turmoil in Central America
• List the characteristics of the five physical regions of Mexico: Central plateau, Gulf
Coastal plain, Pacific Coastal plain, Yucatan Peninsula, and Baja California
• Describe the roots of Mexican culture
• Compare patterns of rural life and urban life in Mexico
• Locate the Caribbean islands and their capitals on a map
• Identify ethnic groups in the Caribbean on a population density map
• Describe the climate patterns of South America
• Identify the major grasslands of South America: Pampas, Llanos, Gran Chaco,
Patagonia
• Explain how the Andes Mountains influence South American climate and vegetation
• Give reasons for the ethnic and racial diversity of Latin America's population
• Explain how European colonization affected Latin American culture
• Describe the four regions of Brazil and list their resources
• List the Andean nations
• Explain how the mountains have shaped the economies of the Andean nations
• Locate on a map the countries of southern South America and describe their physical
diversity
• Identify the imports and exports of Southern South America
• Locate on a map the countries of northern South America and describe their physical
diversity
• Describe the economic developments of the countries in northern South America
WESTERN EUROPE
• Identify the countries of Western Europe on a map
• Compare and contrast distances and population densities between nations in Western
Europe
• Explain why diverse vegetation regions are found in Western Europe
• Describe how natural resources and location led to Western Europe's
industrialization
• Explain how Great Britain's location affected its development
• Identify important changes that took place in England after the Industrial Revolution
• List distinctive physical features of Ireland
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Trace the origins of religious and political conflict in Northern Ireland
Locate the countries of Nordic Europe on a map
List cultural and economic characteristics of the Nordic nations
List economic and physical differences among regions of France
Outline the history of German division and unification after WWII
Describe the physical regions of Germany and their resources
Identify ethnic conflicts in Belgium
Compare and contrast the history and economy of Spain and Portugal
Compare the characteristics of Italy's three regions
Describe the geography and economy of Greece
EASTERN EUROPE
• Identify the four topographic bands of Eastern Europe
• List the various climates and natural vegetation patterns of Eastern Europe
• Describe Eastern Europe's cultural diversity
• Outline the economy and politics of Eastern Europe
• Identify the role of the Roman Catholic Church and Solidarity in Poland's
democracy movement
• Outline the elements of a common Balkan history
• Compare and contrast the effects of democratic revolution on the various Balkan
nations
• Label Eastern European nations and their capitals on a map
NORTHERN EURASIA
• List the major landforms and bodies of water of Russia
• Explain the variations in climate of Russia
• Locate on a map the major natural vegetation regions of Russia
• Identify the various ethnic groups of Russia and the Independent States
• Explain how the break-up of the U.S.S.R. led to the formation of the Independent
States
THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
• On a map, locate and describe the landforms and lifeforms in the deserts of the
Middle East
• Identify ways of life common to the Middle East: nomadic, rural, urban
• Describe the influence of Islam in the Middle East
• List major conflicts between Arabs and Jews and their attempts to bring peace to the
Middle East
• Compare life on the Arabian Peninsula before and after the discovery of oil
• Evaluate how the countries on the Arabian Peninsula have used their oil wealth
• Locate the countries of the Middle East and their capitals on a map
• Outline major characteristics of modern Egypt
• Describe the population density and ways of life in Egypt
• Summarize Egypt's economic strengths and obstacles to development
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Describe the different cultures of North Africa
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA
• Describe the climate and vegetation zones of Africa
• Outline the population distribution patterns of Africa
• Evaluate the effects that peoples' movements have had on Africa
• Label the countries and capitals of Africa on a map
• List the process of desertification in the Sahel region of Africa
• Identify the economic and political problems of coastal Africa
• Outline the role of women in economic development in the coastal region of Africa
• Describe Central Africa's landscape and patterns of migration
• Link the theme of movement, economic, social, and political inequality in South
Africa
• Define apartheid and identify the principle reasons for its downfall
SOUTH ASIA
• Label the countries and the capitals of South Asia on a map
• Outline the pattern of population distribution in South Asia
• Describe the influence of physical geography on the countries of South Asia
• Compare and contrast the beliefs of the Hindus and Muslims
• Trace the events that led to the creation of Pakistan and Bangladesh
• Compare and contrast rural and urban ways of life in India
• Identify areas of progress and problems in India today
• Explain how water distribution problems affect Pakistan and Bangladesh
EAST ASIA
• Label the countries and the capitals of East Asia on a map
• Describe the impact of landforms, ocean currents, and monsoons have on the climate
of East Asia
• Identify East Asia's major economic activities
• Describe East Asia's cultural diversity
• Describe the size and distribution of the population of East Asia
• Describe the landforms and economic activities in China's four regions
• Explain how and why China's government has tried to curb population growth
• Compare the economic and political systems of Taiwan and China
• Describe Japan's physical geography
• Identify major events that led to Japan's rise as an industrial power
• Discuss similarities and differences between North and South Korea
• Identify reasons why the Korean Peninsula is divided
• Describe the different ethnic groups living in Southeast Asia
• Identify on a map the countries of Southeast Asia and their capitals
THE PACIFIC WORLD AND ANTARCTICA
• Describe the physical geography of Australia and New Zealand
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Describe the culture and economy of Australia and New Zealand
Compare the ways of life of Pacific Islanders with Australian and New Zealanders
Explain how the aborigines have interacted with their environment
Analyze the types of Pacific Islands and how they were settled
Explain the importance of tourism to the economies of the Pacific Islands
Describe the forms of ice that cover and surround Antarctica
Analyze the first Antarctic exploration of 1895
Identify the Antarctic Treaty of 1961
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CIVICS (7300)
THE IDEA OF GOVERNMENT
• Cite examples and a definition of government
• Compare another government with that of the United States to find similarities and
differences
• Recognize goals of the U.S. government as stated in the Preamble to the
Constitution
A HERITAGE OF LIBERTY
• Identify Americans who have made significant contributions to our concept of
liberty
• Explain how the American colonies became self-governing
• Reconstruct how the power of English kings came to be limited by law
• Quote what the Declaration of Independence says about liberty
• Distinguish between autocracy and democracy, between old-fashioned monarchs
and modern dictators
• Contrast between free and unfree republics
• Predict methods of political control in an undemocratic society
• Differentiate between direct and indirect democracy, between presidential and
parliamentary democracy
• Compare unitary, confederate and federal systems
• Describe capitalism, socialism, and communism
PUBLIC OPINION AND THE MEDIA
• Tell how polls measure public opinion
• Define propaganda
• Give examples of political and commercial persuasion
• Contrast the different forms of media
• Recognize and identify principal features and production factors of a daily
newspaper
• Produce a collection of newspaper sources focused on one topic of significant public
interest; write interpretive and summary paragraphs demonstrating comprehension
of the material
THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
• Recognize the principal historic incidents and personalities involved in the
convocation of the 1787 Philadelphia Convention and the writing of the United
States Constitution
• Outline the basic structure of the Constitution
• Define and give examples of the separation of powers, the system of checks and
balances, and strict and loose construction
• List the qualifications and terms of the principal officers of each branch of the
federal government
• Outline the amendment process
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Identify the Bill of Rights, other amendments which added rights, and those which
corrected procedural problems
CONGRESS
• Identify all members of the Congress elected from the areas in which students reside
• Retrieve tabular data relating to the tenure and political background of the Congress
• Retrieve tabular data relating to the tenure and political background of the Congress
• Explain the differences between the two houses of the Congress
• Explain reapportionment, redistricting, and gerrymandering
• Identify the basic steps involved in turning a bill into a law, including the role of the
President
• Specify the fiscal responsibilities of the Congress
• Summarize the history of the United States Capitol
VOTING AND POLITICS
• Explain the voter registration process
• Outline the naturalization process
• Identify the Australian ballot, referendum, and recall
• Describe obstacles to voter participation
• Define and explain the role of political parties
• Summarize the range of participation available to party members
• Distinguish historically and in terms of contemporary issues between the Democrats
and Republicans
• Generalize about third parties and give examples of their contributions
THE PRESIDENCY
• Demonstrate an understanding of the electoral college system
• Identify formal and informal qualifications for election to the Presidency
• Recognize the main events of a presidential election campaign
• Describe the principal procedures of succession when the President is incapacitated
or leaves office early
• List and explain the principal responsibilities of the President
• Summarize the history and function of the White House
• Identify principal advisors to the President and important sections of the Executive
Branch
THE JUDICIARY: NATIONAL AND STATE
• Outline the levels of courts, from trial through final appeal
• Identify special courts
• Explain how the U.S. Supreme Court makes its decisions
• Relate how the Bill of Rights regulates procedures of a criminal prosecution
• Explain the various ways in which judges are chosen
ORGANIZATION OF STATE GOVERNMENT
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Compare the organization of state government with that of the federal government
Identify the principal officials of state government by title and responsibilities
Explain the process by which a new state could be added to the nation
Demonstrate familiarity with basic historic, political, and geographic facts about
Florida
COMMUNITY GOVERNMENTS
• Identify a range of terms used to denote forms of local government, specifying those
used locally
• Describe the difference between mayor-council and council-manager forms of
government
• Identify the principal revenue sources of local government
• On a map of Dade County, identify the principal areas of local government by
location and name
• List important problems facing local government, with special reference to the racial
and ethnic diversity of a community
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HONORS CIVICS (7310)
ORIENTATION TO COURSE
• Become familiar with the organization and features of the principal text.
• Maintain an adequate record of assignments
• Keep orderly and detailed class and homework notes. Show concrete evidence of
study by highlighting key sections of all assigned readings
• Produce neat assignments on paper.
• Define vocabulary terms discussed in the text sections listed above.
• Memorize short passages from the Declaration of Independence and the United
States Constitution.
IDEAS BEHIND THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
• Define names and terms associated with philosophy of natural rights and its
implications for constructing government.
• Identify other important influences on American political thinking from ancient
times and from nations other than England.
• Describe the major events of British political history prior to the birth of the United
States.
• Describe the concepts of government and rights in colonial America.
• Identify personalities, events, and controversies involved in the writing of the
Declaration of Independence.
THE WRITING OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
• Identify personalities, events, and controversies involved in the convocation of the
1787 Philadelphia Convention and the writing of the United States Constitution
• Outline the basic structure of the Constitution
• List the qualifications and terms of the principal officers of each branch of the
federal government
• Define and give examples of the separation of powers, the system of checks and
balances, and federalism
• Identify the personalities, events, and controversies involved in the ratification of the
Constitution.
• Define vocabulary terms discussed in this unit
THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT GROWS
• Outline the development of the Cabinet and the federal court system.
• Define and explain the origin of the Bill of Rights
• Define political party and explain how parties function outside of government
• Identify all political parties that have elected a President
• Explain the significance of judicial review
• Explain the significance of federalism, and describe how state and local
governments are typically organized today
• Define vocabulary terms discussed in this unit
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THE CIVIL WAR AMENDMENTS
• Explain the purpose of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.
• Describe how the 14th Amendment has been used to extend the Bill of Rights into
state government proceedings
• Identify personalities, events, and controversies associated with the Civil Rights
Movement of the 1960s
• Explain how other Amendments have also changed voting qualifications
• Define terms associated with this unit
WHAT DOES THE BILL OF RIGHTS MEAN TODAY?
• Identify key cases and terms related to the intersection of religion and government.
• Identify key cases and terms related to freedom of expression
• Identify key cases and terms related to freedom of assembly, petition, and
association
• Identify key cases and terms related to due process
• Identify key cases and terms related to criminal procedure
• Define vocabulary terms discussed in this unit
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF CITIZENSHIP?
• Define citizenship
• Identify several ways in which a citizen can effectively participate in government
without being elected to public office
• Identify some of the principal controversies regarding citizenship today
• Give an example how American citizens can learn from the political experiences of
other nations
• Describe two issues that may require a Constitutional amendment
• Define vocabulary terms discussed in this unit
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WORLD HISTORY (7400)
FOUNDATIONS OF CIVILIZATION
• Break down the stages of history and prehistory
• Identify different ways of looking at history (linear, cyclical, conservative)
• Define anthropologist, archaeologist and fossil
• Define paleolithic and neolithic
• Distinguish between Cro-Magnon and Neanderthal
• Apply the concept of technology to the understanding of culture
• Analyze the concept of migration
• Diagram the phases of agricultural revolution
• Relate growth of the first cities (urban revolution)
ANCIENT MIDDLE EAST
• Explain geographic determinism orally and in writing
• Understand and explain the influence of the Tigris and Euphrates on the first
civilizations
• Define city-state
• Define ziggurat
• Describe religious beliefs and political organization of the Sumerians
• Explain the basic principles of Hammurabi's Code
• Differentiate contributions to civilization of the Hittites, Assyrians and Chaldeans
• Compare and contrast the Assyrian and Persian empires
• Distinguish between polytheism and monotheism
• Describe the beliefs of Zoroaster and appraise their subsequent importance
• Explain how the teachings of the prophets contributed to the Hebrew world view.
• Explain how Hebrew beliefs differed from those of other people in the area
• Relate the contributions to civilization of the Phoenicians and Lydians
ANCIENT EGYPT
• Describe how the Nile River helped shape Egyptian civilization
• Explain Egyptian religious beliefs
• Summarize the contributions and achievements of the Old, Middle and New
Kingdoms
ANCIENT INDIA AND CHINA
• Identify the chief features of the Indian climate
• Point out where the first civilization in India developed
• Outline the development of the early Chinese civilizations
THE HERITAGE OF ANCIENT GREECE
• Compare and contrast Minoan and Achaean civilization
• Relate the structural differences among the following types of government
developed by the Greeks: a) monarchy, b) aristocracy, c) tyranny, d) democracy
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Contrast government, education and the role of women in Athens and Sparta
List and explain the lives and ideas of Plato, Socrates and Aristotle
Review the reasons and outcome of the Persian Wars
Analyze the reasons and outcome of the Pelopponesian Wars
Trace the expanding conquests of Alexander the Great
Give examples of the scientific advances made during the Hellenistic period
ANCIENT ROME: REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE
• Identify the Latins and where they came from
• Describe the Etruscan influence on Rome
• Examine in writing who had political power in Rome during the early Republic
• Analyze the reasons and outcome of the Punic Wars
• Illustrate how the establishment of an empire changed Rome
• Summarize Julius Caesar's rise to power and the reforms he introduced
• Explain how Augustus strengthened the empire
• Detail the different components of the Pax Romana
THE ROMAN HERITAGE
• Review how Greek culture influenced Roman civilization
• Describe the system of law that developed under the Roman Empire
• Explain the Roman attitude toward the different religions in the empire and why
they persecuted Christians
• Relate the different factors that contributed to the spread of Christianity
• Summarize the reforms of Diocletian and Constantine
• List and describe the factors that led to the fall of the Roman Empire
FOUNDATIONS OF MEDIEVAL CIVILIZATION
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Describe how the governments of the Germanic tribes differed from the
governments of the Roman Empire
Relate the Roman ideas adopted by the Germanic tribes
List the steps taken by Charlemagne to unify his empire
Describe what happened to the Empire after Charlemagne's death
Break down the hierarchies and traditions of feudalism
Relate how feudalism developed in Western Europe and how it became more
complex
Compare and contrast the modern and medieval concepts of rights and duties
Illustrate the functioning of the medieval manor
Appraise the changes in agriculture that took place during the Middle Ages
THE HEIGHT OF MEDIEVAL CIVILIZATION
• Explain the different factors that contributed to the economic revival of the late
Middle Ages
• Describe how Aristotle's work influenced medieval scholars
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Summarize and appraise the just war doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas
Relate the advances in technology made during the Middle Ages
Identify the factors that led to the Crusades, and explain which crusade was most
successful for the Christians
Appraise the impact that the Crusades had on the Church
Explain how the Crusades contributed to increased trade and travel
Analyze the factors that led to the end of feudalism
BUILDING NATIONAL MONARCHIES
• Describe the reasons for and the effect of the Magna Carta
• Explain how William the Conqueror and his heirs managed to unite England
• Compare the nation-building process of France and England
• Analyze the reasons for the conflict between the popes, the Holy Roman Emperors
and the German princes during the 1000s and 1100s
• Show how the above conflict affected the political development of Germany and
Italy
• Describe the Spanish Reconquista
• Break down the reasons for and the result of the Hundred Years' War
BYZANTINE AND ISLAMIC CIVILIZATIONS
• Understand and explain the existence of the Byzantine Empire and why it survived
for 1,000 years
• Describe the factors that led to the decline of the Byzantine Empire
• Show how Byzantine civilization influenced Kievan Russia
• Define Islam
• Explain who Mohammed was and why he became a prophet
• Compare and contrast the ideas of Islam with those of Judaism and Christianity
• List the holy sites and dates of Islam
• Illustrate how Islam extended and how conquered people were treated within the
Empire
• Appraise how Islamic civilization influenced Western Europe
INDIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN
• Cite examples of how Hinduism influenced daily life in India
• Relate how Akbar tried to unify the Mogul Empire
• Show examples of Chinese achievements in each of the following areas: (a)
government, (b) technology, (c) art
• Describe what type of government the Tokugawa shoguns established in Japan and
how the power of the daimyo was limited
THE RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION
• Explain why the Renaissance began in Italy
• Summarize the main interests of the Renaissance scholars
• Illustrate the contributions Renaissance artists made in each of the following areas:
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a) sculpture, b) architecture, c) painting
Appraise Luther's main teachings
Compare and contrast Calvinist and Lutheran beliefs
Show how the Protestant Reformation in England was accomplished
Give examples of the methods that the Catholic Church used to fight Protestants.
Describe the evidence that indicates that these methods succeeded
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION
• Explain how Portugal took the lead in exploring a new route to Asia
• Analyze why Spain wanted to find a new route to Asia
• Describe how Spain organized an empire in the Americas
• Appraise the Spanish policy toward the Indians
• Summarize French exploration efforts in the Americas
• Illustrate British exploration and colonization in the Americas
• Define mercantilism
• List and explain the chief goals of the mercantilists
• Point out how mercantilists thought government should make nations self-sufficient
AFRICA AND THE AMERICAS
• Describe how powerful trading empires emerged in West Africa
• Relate how Islam influenced these kingdoms
• Show how the city-states of East Africa differed from the West African trading
kingdoms
• Give examples of the advances of the Maya
• Point out the ideas that the Aztec took from the people they conquered
• Illustrate the main achievements of the Inca
THE AGE OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHS
• Describe how Phillip II helped to make Spain the most powerful nation in Europe
• Outline the events that show how Spanish power declined during the 1600s
• Point out how Louis XIV's policies strengthened France
• Explain the events that prevented the creation of a centralized German state in the
1600s
• Summarize and explain the policies of Frederick the Great
• Understand how life was in the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman and write an essay
describing it
• Relate how Peter the Great brought Russia into closer contact with Western Europe
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT
• Relate the basis for scientific thought during the Middle Ages
• Explain why scholars began to question traditional scientific views after 1200
• Describe who Galileo Galilei was and why he was brought before the Inquisition
• Break down the components of the social contract theory and analyze how the
theory worked as a whole
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Compare and contrast the ideas of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau
REVOLUTION IN ENGLAND AND NORTH AMERICA
• Relate the factors that led to the English civil war and what its consequences were
• Describe English government during the rule of Cromwell
• Catalog and describe the main characteristics of the political parties that emerged in
Parliament during the Restoration
• Illustrate the events and outcome of the Glorious Revolution
• Appraise how the American colonies were relatively free from British control before
1763
• Point out how British policy toward the colonies changed after 1763 and how the
colonists reacted to the change
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON
• Summarize the economic factors that led to the French Revolution
• Outline the major reforms introduced by the National Assembly
• Point out the major reforms carried out by the National Convention
• Examine the role of the Committee of Public Safety
• Explain Napoleon's rise in popularity and why he so easily overthrew the Directory
• Appraise the effect of Napoleon's reforms in France
REVOLUTION AND INDEPENDENCE IN LATIN AMERICA
• Identify the major groups which made up Spanish colonial society
• Point out the major lifetime events that led Simon Bolivar to carry out his struggle
for Latin American independence and unity
• Compare and contrast Jose de San Martin's personality and politics to Simon
Bolivar's
• Analyze the religious and political influences on Miguel Hidalgo
• Relate why the Spanish colonies were poorly prepared for self-government
• Summarize why Britain and the United States opposed foreign intervention in Latin
America in the 1800s
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• Describe the Agricultural Revolution in England and how it helped make the
Industrial Revolution possible
• Explain why the Industrial Revolution started in Britain. Explain why Belgium
industrialized so early
• Break down and show how the Industrial Revolution affected:
a) populations, b) cities, c) the way people worked, d) the social structure in
European countries
• Outline the types of reforms that the British government instituted
TRIUMPH OF NATIONALISM
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Describe the independence movement in Italy
Compare and contrast the personalities and aims of Cavour, Mazzini and Garibaldi
Explain the obstacles that stood in the way of German unification
Relate how Bismarck overcame these obstacles
Show how serfdom affected Russian agriculture
Appraise the effect of the emancipation of the serfs
Examine why nationalism threatened the existence of the Austrian Empire
Point out the evidence that convinced diplomats that the Ottoman Empire was going
to collapse during the 1800s
WORLD WAR I
• Describe the direct causes of World War I
• Break down the Allied powers and their reasons for entering the war
• Break down the Central powers and their reasons for entering the war
• Illustrate trench warfare and how it developed
• Describe new weapons developed during the war
• Relate the events that led to U.S. entry into the war
• Explain and appraise Wilson's fourteen points
AFTERMATH OF WAR
• Describe the economic difficulties that Britain faced after WWI
• Review and analyze the crisis in the Ruhr in 1923
• Explain why the Americans supported isolationism after WWI
• Examine how Sun Yat-sen tried to create a new China
RISE OF TOTALITARIAN STATES
• Explain how World War I contributed to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution
• Outline the Bolshevik take over in November 1917
• Describe the conditions in Italy that helped Mussolini win power
• Appraise why fascism appealed to many Italians
• Point out the factors that contributed to Hitler's rise to power
• Summarize the accusations that Hitler made against the Jews
• Show how the Great Depression affected the Japanese economy
• Understand and explain the Nazi policy of genocide, known as the Holocaust
WORLD WAR II
• Identify and describe the German and Russian roles in the Spanish Civil War
• Analyze the origins and results of the policy of appeasement
• Define the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact
• Describe the Nazi conquest of Western Europe
• Explain why Hitler invaded the Soviet Union. Explain how the German advance
was halted at the end of 1941
• State some of the reasons why Japan was so successful in the months immediately
following Pearl Harbor
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Relate the effect of these battles: El Alamein, Stalingrad, Normandy, Coral Sea, and
Midway
Appraise the immediate and long-term effects of WWII
THE COLD WAR AND EUROPEAN RECOVERY
• Describe the Yalta Conference
• Analyze why Churchill and Roosevelt cooperated with Stalin at Yalta
• Appraise how the policies of the Allies led to the division of Germany into East and
West
• Explain why the Soviet Union had control over Eastern Europe after WWII
• State the Truman Doctrine
• Relate the Marshall Plan
• Explain what led to the Soviet blockade of Berlin in 1948
• Define de-Stalinization
• Review the origins and the consequences of the October Missile Crisis
• Summarize the economic problems the United States faced after WWII
• Outline and explain Cold War struggles in the Third World
POST COLD WAR PERIOD
• Review and examine the Solidarity Movement in Poland
• Define glastnost
• Define perestroika
• Evaluate Mikhail Gorbachev's reform program
• Relate the factors that led to the fall of the Berlin Wall
• Point out some of the post-Cold War conflicts in Russia and Eastern Europe
• Appraise U.S. foreign policy in the post Cold War world
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ADVANCED PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY (7450)
Foundations: c. 8000 B.C.– 600 A.D.
• Students will be able to locate history in the environment and time
o Understand the interconnection of geography and climate on the
development of human society
o Discuss demography – major populations changes resulting from human
interaction with the environment
o Interpret continuities and breaks within time spans – i.e. the
transformation from river valley civilizations to Classical civilizations
o Identify the constructs that formulate a civilization and cross compare
nomadic lifestyles to civilized societies
• Students will gain an understanding of how agriculture and technology changed
pastoral and foraging societies
o Discuss the emergence of agriculture and technological changes as seen in
both river valley and Classical civilizations
o Understand the impact of agriculture on the environment
o Discuss the emergence of metallurgy and its impact on developing
societies including China.
o Compare and contrast societies that include cities and pastoral and
nomadic societies.
• Students will be able to compare and contrast basic features of early civilization
in different environmental regions.
o Compare and contrast such features as economic, political, and social
systems and cultural lifestyles including the role of women within these
societies:
ƒ Mesopotamia
ƒ Egypt
ƒ Indus River Valley civilization and Harrapan civilization
ƒ Shang Dynasty and Yellow River Valley civilization
ƒ Greek and Mediterranean Civilizations
ƒ Roman Civilization
• Students will be able to depict major political and economic developments in
Classical civilizations.
o Compare and contrast the political systems that developed in China, India,
and Mediterranean societies
o Construct trading patterns within and among Classical civilizations
including contacts with adjacent regions and peoples.
o Track the development of art, science, and technologies and how they
changed throughout the Classical period.
o Compare the development of economic traditions and political institutions
in major Classical civilizations.
• Students will be able to discuss the development of major belief systems.
o Restate basic religious features within societies, both nomadic and settled
prior to 600 A.D.
o Demonstrate mastery of major belief systems including:
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ƒ Hinduism
ƒ Judaism
ƒ Confucianism
ƒ Buddhism
ƒ Christianity
o Compare and contrast major religious systems including principal
similarities which helped in cementing social hierarchy within various
societies i.e. Hinduism contrasted with Confucianism.
o Chart the rise of the major religions geographically and compare their
development.
Students will be able to translate the differences politically, socially, and
economically of early Classical period from late Classical period (200 A.D. to 600
A.D.)
o Identify the reasons for collapse of empires including Han China and the
Western Roman Empire.
o Understand the systemic reasons of why the collapse in Western Roman
Empire was much more severe than in the eastern Mediterranean or in
China.
o Spatially track the movements of peoples such as the Huns and Germans.
o Understand interregional networks and the spread of trade and religion
thru 600 A.D.
600 A.D. – 1450
• Students will be able to understand the segmentation and fragmentation of Eastern
and Western Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire within the
constructs of civilization – political, economic, social and religious.
o Discuss the emergence of new empires including the Byzantine, Mongol,
and Ottoman Empires.
o Understand the systemic reasons for the rise of Dar-al Islam as a unifying
force culturally, technologically, and intellectually in Eurasia and Africa.
o Spatially track the shifts in interregional trade, technological advances,
and cultural exchange.
o Understand interregional networks and the spread of trade and religion
thru 1450. (Trans-Sahara trade, Indian Ocean trade, and Silk Road)
• Students will be able to understand the demographic and environmental changes
from 600 A.D. – 1450.
o Categorize by society the effects and consequences of plague pandemic in
the fourteen century
o Explain the growth and role of cities in the expansion of urban centers
throughout Europe and Asia.
o Discuss the movement away from feudal system to a more modernized
form of economic, political, and social systems.
o Compare and contrast Japanese and European feudalism
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1450 – 1750
• Students will be able to demonstrate mastery in changes in trade (including the reemergence of the slave trade), technology, and global networking as a result of
European exploration.
o Identify the impact of guns, germs, and steel on the Neo-world
o Understand the impact of technological advances in navigation and shipbuilding.
o Link the idealism of exploration with the impact of the crusading
movement.
o Explain demographic displacement and environmental changes brought on
by diseases, animals, and crops.
o Give explanation why a global trade system changed and nearly replaced
interregional trade from the previous time period.
• Students will be able to translate the differences politically, socially, and
economically monarchial systems within Europe.
o Analyze imperial based monarchial systems to non-imperial monarchial
systems.
o Discuss the role and impact of Enlightenment thinkers on global politics
and economics.
o Connect the impact of Enlightenment ideals to the Age of Revolution in
Europe and America.
1750 – 1914
• Students will be able to interpret the impact and transformative effects of the
Industrial Revolution.
o Discuss the mutual relations between nations that led to the birth of the
Industrial Revolution.
o Comprehend the differential timing between nations and nation-states in
regard to rise of industry.
o Identify the patterns of cultural change in industrialized societies.
o Compare and contrast the impact of migration to industrialized nations
from non-industrialized nations.
o Understand changes in social structures in industrialized nations
o Understand impact of work patterns, demands on labor, and need for
natural resources to support growth economic growth within industrialized
nations.
• Students will be able to understand the emergence of political revolutions and the
rise of nationalism.
o Compare and contrast rise of nationalism in Southeast Asian countries
such as Japan and China to that of European countries.
o Snapshot of system reason for revolutions in United States, France, Haiti,
Mexico and China.
• Students will be able to discuss the rise of Western dominance culturally,
politically, economically, and socially based on patterns of expansion,
imperialism, and colonization.
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1914 – Present
• Students will be able demonstrate fundamental knowledge of globalization in
ideals and actions taken by major nation-states regarding global warfare,
diplomacy, and nation building by means of colonization.
o Discuss the rise of 20th century hegemons and their impact on the global
balance of power
o Discuss the positive and negative impacts of the League of Nations,
United Nations, and other global diplomatic entities.
• Students will be able to quantify the effects of global warfare by analyzing
patterns of nationalism, rise of fascism, the rise of communism as a direct answer
to the “unforeseen” westernized political hegemony.
• Students will be able to classify the cultural and political transformation seen in
the 20th century resulting from local, regional and global conflicts including
genocide within and nation-states.
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UNITED STATES HISTORY (7500)
PRE-COLUMBIAN CULTURES
• Describe the physical regions and climate areas of North America
• Describe how the Americas were inhabited
• Identify and describe early cultures of the Americas
• Explain why Europeans began to explore other parts of the world
AGE OF EXPLORATION
• Critique the impact of the explorations of Christopher Columbus
• Describe the government and economy of New Spain
• Identify and evaluate the role conquistadores played in the conquest of the Americas
• Interpret how competition among European nations in the 1500s affected the
Americas
• Explain the importance of the House of Burgesses
• Compare and contrast the goals and problems of English settlers
THE COLONIAL PERIOD
• Identify at least two examples of the various types of colonial governments
• Describe life in the New England, Middle Atlantic, and Southern colonies
• Evaluate the situation of slaves in the colonies
• Explain how children were educated in the colonies
• Summarize the effect of British mercantilism on the colonies
• Illustrate how conflicting European claims affected the colonies
• Identify, describe, and evaluate the causes and effects of the French and Indian War
• List events that increased tension between Great Britain and the colonies
• Outline the circumstances that led to armed confrontation
• Describe the trend toward unity in the colonies; identify at least two ways in which
unity was achieved
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
• Explain what the Second Continental Congress did
• Compare and contrast the goals of the radicals and moderates at the Second
Continental Congress
• Outline the main concepts of the Declaration of Independence
• Justify why Americans considered a formal declaration of independence necessary
• Describe the major battles of the War of Independence; identify and explain the
turning point of the War
• List the provisions of the Treaty of Paris
EARLY NATIONAL PERIOD
• Illustrate how the state governments were established after the revolution
• Explain how state constitutions served as models for the drafting of a national
constitution
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List at least three provisions of the Articles of Confederation; discuss problems
under the Articles
Summarize the compromises worked out at the Constitutional Convention
Define federalism, separation of powers, and checks and balances
Outline the seven articles of the Constitution
Recount the ratification process of the Constitution
List the main provisions of the Bill of Rights
Apply the Bill of Rights to at least two current issues
Identify at least two events that reflected the new nation's foreign policy
Contrast Alexander Hamilton's views on government with those of Thomas
Jefferson
Explain why two political parties formed and what each represented
Assess the purchase and the exploration of the Louisiana Territory
List the causes of the War of 1812; name at least two battles
List the provisions of the Treaty of Ghent
Explain how James Monroe and John Marshall helped foster national unity
Describe the origins of the Industrial Revolution in America
Analyze foreign policy under President Monroe; outline and interpret the provisions
of the Monroe Doctrine
AGE OF JACKSON
• Describe how democracy grew in the 1820s.
• Explain how sectional differences influenced the elections of 1824 and 1828
• Define "nationalism" and "sectionalism"
• Outline and evaluate President Andrew Jackson's handling of domestic issues
• Analyze the causes and results of the Panic of 1837
NATIONAL EXPANSION
• Assess why settlers from the U.S. moved into Oregon, Texas, Utah, and California
• Describe how Texas won its independence
• Explain why Americans disagreed over the annexation of Texas
• Interpret the causes of the Mexican-American War; identify at least two battles
• List the provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
• Summarize how industry affected the economy and people of the North
• Analyze how nativist Americans reacted to new immigrants in the mid-1800s
• Point out how cotton became "king" in the South and how whites, free blacks, and
slaves lived
• Identify and describe the roots of reform in the early 1800s
• List the demands of the women's rights movement
THE CIVIL WAR
• Justify the goals and methods of the abolitionist movement
• Describe how slavery sharpened sectional differences
• Identify and discuss solutions provided by moderates and extremists
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Distinguish compromises over slavery from 1820 to 1860
Explain at least three events that led to the South's secession from the Union
Describe the rise of the Republican Party
List the strengths and weaknesses of the Union and Confederacy in the Civil War
Identify at least three major battles and at least two Federal and two Confederate
military leaders
Analyze the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation
Reconstruct and analyze the turning point of the war
Summarize the factors which led to the South's defeat
Discuss the effect of the war on soldiers and civilians
RECONSTRUCTION
• Identify postwar hardships in the North and South
• Critique the impeachment of President Johnson
• Assess the various Reconstruction Era plans
• Relate how Amendments Thirteen, Fourteen, and Fifteen reflected the movement for
social and legal justice
• Discuss how discrimination in the postwar South continued
• List the reasons for the end of Radical Reconstruction
THE GILDED AGE
• Name at least three technological advances made in the late 1800s
• Identify and explain new methods of doing business and who the "robber barons"
were
• Discuss the rise of workers' organizations and the public's response to labor unions
• Define "collective bargaining"
• Describe political corruption in the late 1800s
• Illustrate attempts to end corruption at the local, state, and national levels
• Highlight the changes in politics in the South
• Explain the rise and fall of Populism
ERA OF REFORM
• Describe the growth of cities in the late 1800s and list at least three problems
associated with that growth
• Identify who the "new immigrants" were and discuss their contributions to America
• Point out technological improvements in communication, transportation, and
architecture
• Appraise the goals of the Progressives
• Describe reforms at the local and state levels of government, and assess the role of
the "Muckrakers" in initiating reforms
• Summarize the notable events of President Theodore Roosevelt's administration
• Summarize the notable events of President William Howard Taft's administration
• Discuss President Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" program and contrast it with
Roosevelt's "New Nationalism"
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AGE OF IMPERIALISM
• Explain reasons for U.S. expansion overseas from 1867-1900
• Summarize and critique the causes and results of the Spanish-American War
• Justify Roosevelt's "big stick" diplomacy, Taft's "dollar" diplomacy, and Wilson's
"moral" diplomacy
• Analyze the role of propaganda in influencing government policy
• Describe U.S. foreign policy in Asia
• List various territorial acquisitions made by the U.S. between 1867 and 1900
• Explain the circumstances surrounding the construction of the Panama Canal
WORLD WAR I
• List at least three causes of the outbreak of the war
• Explain why the U.S. moved from neutrality to involvement in World War I
• Describe life on the "home front" during the war
• Identify at least three battles of the war, of which at least two involved American
troops; identify at least two military leaders of the war
• Discuss the provisions of Wilson's Fourteen Point Plan, and explain why it met with
opposition at the Versailles Peace Conference
• Defend the U.S. Senate's decision not to ratify the Versailles Peace Treaty
BOOM AND DEPRESSION
• Define President Warren G. Harding's policy of "normalcy"
• Identify at least three technological advances of the 1920s which contributed to the
economic prosperity of the times
• Summarize the cultural developments and personalities of the Jazz Age
• Analyze at least two inherent weaknesses of the economy during the 1920s; identify
at least two causes of the Great Depression
• Discuss the response of President Herbert Hoover to the crisis
• Recount the circumstances of the Bonus Army demonstration of 1932
• Explain the philosophy behind President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "New Deal"
program
• Name and describe at least four programs of the first hundred days of Roosevelt's
term
• Explain why some opposed the New Deal; describe the circumstances behind the
"packing" of the Supreme Court
• Analyze the results of, and the reaction to, the New Deal by historians
WORLD WAR II
• Define "totalitarianism" and describe the circumstances leading to the rise of
totalitarian states in Italy, Germany, Japan, and Spain
• Summarize international efforts at disarmament during the interwar period
• Explain America's foreign policy during the '20s and '30s
• Analyze at least three causes of World War II; explain the U.S. entry into the war
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Identify the major "theaters" of the war, and summarize at least two turning points
Identify at least three American commanders and evaluate at least three American
battles
Discuss life on the home front
Assess the significance of the various conferences (Teheran, Yalta, Potsdam) which
took place between the Allies
Recount how the war ended and outline postwar world plans
POSTWAR DOMESTIC ISSUES
• Summarize President Harry Truman's "Fair Deal" program
• Describe the various incidents which incited the new "Red Scare"
• Explain the rise and fall of Senator Joseph McCarthy
• Evaluate at least two social changes of the fifties
• Identify and assess early gains made by African-Americans in achieving greater civil
rights
• Appraise Martin Luther King's role in the Civil Rights movement
• Discuss the significance of the Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court
decision
THE COLD WAR
• List and describe at least three bodies of the United Nations
• Describe the term "Cold War" and summarize postwar tensions
• Identify various incidents around the world during the '40s and '50s which led to
confrontations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
• Interpret U.S. foreign policy under Truman and President Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Outline the causes of the Korean War; identify the turning point and results of the
war
• Explain the circumstances of Truman's firing of General Douglas MacArthur
• Define NATO and Warsaw Pact
• Analyze how nationalist movements affected international relations
• Describe the circumstances surrounding the construction of the Berlin Wall, the Bay
of Pigs invasion, and the Cuban Missile Crisis
• Describe the circumstances leading to France's defeat in Vietnam and subsequent
U.S. involvement
• Critique U.S. involvement in Vietnam and domestic reaction
• Interpret the military and psychological significance of the Tet Offensive of 1968
• Discuss the continued efforts for greater civil rights by minorities and women and
identify leading personalities
• Explain the goals and accomplishments of President John F. Kennedy's New
Frontier and President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society
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WATERGATE
• Explain how the turmoil of 1968 paved the way for the election of Richard M.
Nixon as president
• Summarize major accomplishments of President Nixon's foreign policy
• Describe the atmosphere of suspicion that dominated the Nixon White House, and
explain how that led to illegal activities during the 1972 election
• Outline Nixon's involvement in the Watergate cover-up, and discuss the likelihood
of a possible impeachment
• Identify at least three major personalities involved in the Watergate Scandal and the
roles they played
• Analyze the challenges of President Jimmy Carter's administration with respect to
the economy, human rights, and the Iran hostage crisis
THE REAGAN YEARS
• Describe the circumstances which brought on a new wave of conservatism and
which led to the election of Ronald Reagan as president
• Identify at least one economic, social, and religious group which formed the
conservative coalition
• Summarize the economic strategies of the Reagan Administration; explain "supplyside economics"
• Appraise the climate of U.S.-Soviet relations, and assess U.S. foreign policy
• Explain how President George Bush's policies differed from those of Reagan
• Analyze how the fall of the U.S.S.R. and the end of the Cold War have affected
U.S.-Russian relations
RECENT POLITICAL HISTORY
• Discuss changes in American society and the new political issues of drugs,
education, homelessness, family values, rights of gays and lesbians, etc.
• Describe how technology is changing American life
• Evaluate challenges facing American society on the brink of the Twenty-first
Century
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ADVANCED PLACEMENT UNITED STATES HISTORY (7550)
COLONIAL HISTORY TO 1763
• Explain how Ice Age hunters may have crossed the Bering Strait and began
settling North America.
• List the changing social conditions and new scientific discoveries that resulted in
European voyages of discovery.
• Describe the economic, political, social, and religious factors of the Spanish
colonial system, as well as the impact of this system.
• Discuss the early English attempts at planting colonies, including those led by Sir
Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh.
• List the problems in England that were motives for emigration.
• Show the importance of tobacco plantations in the social, economic, and political
life of the colony of Virginia.
• Compare the motives for colonizing Georgia with those for colonizing the other
colonies.
• Discuss the roles, obligations, and rights of colonial women.
• Account for the similarities and differences in development between the New
England and Chesapeake colonies.
• Discuss the reasons for the growth of slavery and the slave trade in the English
colonies of North America.
• Discuss reasons for colonial economic expansion and patterns of settlement.
• Describe the influence of the Great Awakening on American religion, common
interest, and sense of nationality.
• Outline the different advantages and disadvantages of the British American
colonists and the French in their wars for control of America.
• Summarize the gains of the French and Indian War for the British and also
possible seeds of discontent and distrust in British-American relations.
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION (1763-1783)
• Explain why both the American gentry and the common folk supported the
American Revolution.
• Assess and explain the responsibility of George III and Parliament for the loss of
their American colonies.
• Trace the growing conflict between the colonists and the British government from
the Tea Act through the battles at Lexington and Concord.
• Analyze the American decision to declare independence from the convening of
the Second Continental Congress to the Declaration of Independence.
• Compare and contrast the military advantages and disadvantages of both the
British and American forces in the Revolutionary War.
• Describe the role of African Americans in the fighting of the American
Revolution.
• Explain the significance of the American victory at Saratoga in 1777.
• Trace the American diplomacy leading to the treaties with the French in February
1778.
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Explain how American Loyalists were the greatest losers in the American
Revolution.
THE REPUBLICAN EXPERIMENT (1776-1791)
• Describe the conflict among American Republicans of the 1780s over the relative
importance of liberty as opposed to order.
• Specify the post-revolutionary changes in the expectations, rights, and the roles of
American women.
• Describe the major sources and principles of the earliest American constitutions.
• Identify the major problems of western settlement and evaluate the Confederation
Congress’s responses to those problems.
• Identify the major domestic and foreign policy problems of the Confederation
Congress and the nationalists’ critique of the congressional responses.
• Chronicle the development of the movement for a new constitution from the
Annapolis convention through Shays’ Rebellion to the Philadelphia convention of
1787.
• Identify the major differences between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans, and
then describe the compromise of the issue by the delegates at the convention.
• Describe the conflict over slavery and its resolution by the delegates at the
Philadelphia convention.
• Identify the major issues separating the Federalists and Anti-federalists, then
describe and evaluate the positions taken by each.
• Trace the ratification process from the organization of the opposing sides to the
eventual ratification beginning in 1788.
THE FEDERALIST ERA (1788-1800)
• Discuss the impact of public opinion on national leaders in setting the agenda
from 1788 to 1800.
• Compare and contrast the political and economic philosophies advocated by
Alexander Hamilton with those of Thomas Jefferson.
• Explain how foreign affairs influenced the development of American political
parties.
• Describe the XYZ Affair and its impact on domestic politics, specifically
explaining the importance of the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Virginia and
Kentucky Resolutions.
• Summarize the accomplishments of the Federalists.
• Explain the factors that led to the downfall of the Federalists.
• Explain why the election of 1800 is referred to as a “peaceful revolution.”
REPUBLICANS IN POWER (1801-1828)
• Describe the condition and advances of the American economy in this era.
• List the goals of Thomas Jefferson as president and evaluate his success in
accomplishing them.
• Explain the circumstances and consequences of the Louisiana Purchase.
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Describe the background, results, and significance of the Supreme Court’s
Marbury v. Madison decision.
Explain the reasons for the failure of American foreign policy in preventing the
War of 1812.
Summarize the causes, conduct, and the outcome of the War of 1812.
Analyze the factors that contributed to the rise of nationalism after the War of
1812.
Explain the development of a national transportation network and its contribution
to a market economy.
Describe how new economic activities brought forth the early factory system.
Develop the main issues of sectional disturbance that accompanied the Missouri
Compromise.
Explain the events that led to the formulation of the Monroe Doctrine as well as
the specific intent of this document.
THE JACKSONIAN ERA (1828-1840)
• Explain factors that contributed to the rise of democracy in the 1820s and 1830s.
• Evaluate the main political and economic issues of the 1824 and 1828 elections
and summarize their results.
• Determine the political characteristics and personality traits that contributed to
Andrew Jackson’s image as a “man of the people.”
• Summarize the problems encountered under Jackson’s Indian removal policy.
• Explain South Carolina’s role in the tariff controversy and the role of states’
rights.
• List the arguments used by the Jacksonians in their attack against the Bank of the
United States.
• Compare and contrast the ideologies and objectives of the Whigs and the
Democrats and identify the socioeconomic groups that they represented.
• Summarize the reasons for political realignment in the 1830s and the emergence
of the Whigs.
REFORM AND EXPANSION
• List the factors that caused the Second Great Awakening.
• Describe the meaning behind the “Cult of True Womanhood.”
• Explain the purpose of public education according to Horace Mann.
• Describe the factors and events that led to the rise of the women’s rights
movement.
• Evaluate the results of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848.
• Describe the conditions of the western frontier of the 1830s as well as the factors
attracting American settlers.
• Explain the causes, events, and results of the Texas revolution.
• Discuss the importance of the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails in expanding American
trade and settlement.
• Identify the candidates and issues and explain the outcome and consequences of
the election of 1844.
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Discuss the rationale for expansion in light of the doctrine of manifest destiny.
Summarize the causes, events, and outcomes of the Mexican-American War.
List and explain the factors that contributed to American economic growth from
1830 to 1860.
THE SLAVE SYSTEM AND THE COMING OF THE CIVIL WAR
• Chronicle efforts by slaves to mount a resistance, both personal and collective, to
their masters.
• Discuss the arguments perpetuated to maintain the institution of slavery.
• Explain the significance of the Underground Railroad and describe the logistical
challenges faced by its participants.
• Compare and contrast the lives of African Americans in the North versus the
South during the prewar era.
• Compare black religion with its white Protestant counterparts.
• Describe the features of black slave family life.
• Describe the series of resolutions that resulted in the Compromise of 1850.
• Explain the motivations for and the consequences of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of
1854.
• Analyze the reasons for shifting political alignments during the 1840s and 1850s,
and identify the various parties that rose briefly to prominence during this time.
• Trace the development of proslavery and antislavery forces to win control of the
Kansas territory.
• Discuss the background, decision, and implications of the Dred Scott case of
1857.
• Contrast the positions taken by Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas during the
Illinois Senate race of 1858.
• Summarize the various historical reasons that have been advanced to explain
southern secession.
THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION (1861-1877)
• Compare and contrast the leadership of the Union and Confederate presidents.
• Analyze the opposing strategies of the Civil War.
• Define the concept of “total war,” and then explain the efforts in the North
and South to mobilize for the war.
• Describe the relative successes of the Union and Confederate armies in the
eastern and western theaters of the war from 1861-1863.
• Trace and explain Lincoln’s gradual movement toward the emancipation of
the slaves.
• Summarize the final campaigns of the war, specifically describing General
William T. Sherman’s “march to the sea.”
• Describe the role played by African-American troops in the Union armed
forces during the Civil War.
• List and describe the principal social and economic changes that accompanied
the Civil War.
• Contrast the presidential and congressional wartime reconstruction programs.
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Summarize the goals of radical Reconstruction and evaluate the success with
which these goals were achieved.
Define the southern systems of contract labor and sharecropping with
emphasis on their effects upon African Americans.
Identify the social and economic adjustments in the South during the
Reconstruction years.
Evaluate the achievements and list the reasons for the ultimate failure of the
southern Radical Republican governments.
Discuss the terms and results of the “Compromise of 1877.”
THE GILDED AGE (1865-1900)
• Analyze the factors that ended tribal life for the Native Americans.
• Explain the policies of the United States toward Native Americans and the results
of these policies.
• Discuss the motives that stimulated settlement of the West.
• Trace the boom-and-bust development of the open range cattle industry.
• Identify and discuss each of the factors that contributed to the rapid
industrialization of 1870-1900.
• Describe the principal economic and social effects of the railroad, 1865-1900.
• Detail the rise and consolidation of the steel industry.
• Detail the rise and consolidation of the oil industry.
• Identify and explain each of the major factors in the development of a national
consumer market.
• Summarize the rise of the labor movement.
• Explain the adaptation of the “new” immigrants to America and the challenges
they faced.
• Identify and describe the major problems of American cities during the Victorian
era.
• Explain and evaluate the operation of the early political “machines.”
• Critique the changing roles of both women and the family in America from 18771900.
• Compare and contrast the educational and civil rights policies of Booker T.
Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois.
• Describe the principal tenets of Social Darwinism.
• Discuss the stalemate of partisan politics in the 1870s and 1880s.
• Describe and evaluate the growth of the farmers’ protest movement in the late
nineteenth century.
• Detail the establishment and importance of the Populist Party.
• Explain how the silver issue served as a symbol for a social and political
movement.
THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
• Define progressivism, and relate the purposes and results of “muckraking” to this
movement.
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Discuss the factors that contributed to a progressive movement of reform from
1890 to 1920.
Discuss the contributions made and benefits derived by women during the
Progressive Era.
Explain the changes in American industrialism during the early twentieth century
regarding management and organization.
Analyze the successes and failures of union activities during this era.
Identify and summarize reform efforts at the municipal, state, and federal levels.
Summarize the progressive measures of the Roosevelt presidency, emphasizing
his efforts at conservation.
Determine the issues that adversely affected William H. Taft’s relationship with
progressives and influenced his defeat in the presidential election of 1912.
Discuss the issues involved and the reasons for Woodrow Wilson’s victory in the
1912 election.
Identify and summarize the major reforms of Wilson’s New Freedom program.
List and explain the shortcomings of Progressivism.
BECOMING A WORLD POWER (1898-1920)
• Explain the economic, strategic, and intellectual factors sparking American
interest in overseas expansion in the latter nineteenth century.
• Reveal how the United States reasserted the Monroe Doctrine and promoted PanAmerican interests during this era.
• Describe the causes, major events, and consequences of the Spanish-American
War.
• Explain the origin and purpose of the Open Door policy in China.
• Contrast the arguments posed by the supporters of expansionism and the antiimperialists.
• Discuss the new role of the United States in Latin America in the early decades of
the twentieth century.
• List and explain the causes of the First World War and American reactions to the
war.
• Summarize and critique the factors that brought the U.S. into the war.
• Show the ways in which the wartime partnership between citizen and government
worked, and how the war affected women and African Americans.
• Discuss the reasons for the failure of Wilson’s global view and the Versailles
treaty.
• Explain American disillusionment with the war and the decline of the progressive
spirit as the decade of the 1920s began.
THE ROARING ‘20S
• Explain the elements of the economic changes of the 1920s.
• List the weaknesses of the American economy of the 1920s.
• Analyze the key elements of the literary movement of the 1920s.
• Describe the main features of the rural reaction to urbanization during this era.
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Explain the failures and successes of the Democrats from 1920-1930.
Discuss the policies of the Republican Party during the decade.
Describe and critique the changes that took place within the American family.
THE GREAT DEPRESSION (1929-1940)
• Summarize the events leading to the Stock Market Crash of 1929.
• Describe the effects of the Great Depression on the average American.
• Critique Herbert Hoover’s attempts to end the Depression.
• Analyze the New Deal legislation passed in the “Hundred Days.”
• List and evaluate New Deal reforms.
• Compare and contrast the proposals and programs of the various critics of the
New Deal.
• Show how the New Deal affected labor, women, and minorities.
• Chronicle the events and explain the significance of Franklin Roosevelt’s attempt
to “pack the court.”
• Discuss the factors that ended the New Deal, and summarize the arguments of the
supporters and critics of the New Deal.
AMERICA AND THE WORLD (1921-1945)
• Summarize the foreign policy of the United States in the 1920s.
• Explain the causes and effects of the isolationism of the 1930s.
• Trace the rise of totalitarianism in the world and the subsequent series of events
that led to war in Europe in the 1930s.
• Discuss the factors that led to conflict in Asia and the dissolution of the Open
Door.
• Analyze the goals of the Allies in forming the wartime coalition.
• Evaluate the military strategy that halted the German advance.
• Describe how the United States took control of the Pacific by the end of 1942.
• Describe the impact of the war on the home front, especially its effects upon
women, minorities, and labor unions.
• Critique the performance of the United States in conducting wartime diplomacy.
COLD WAR CHALLENGES (1945-1963)
• Explain the origins of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet
Union following World War II.
• Evaluate the responses of the administration of Harry Truman to the onset of the
Cold War.
• Account for the expansion of the Cold War in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
• Chronicle the origins, developments, and results of the Korean War.
• Explain the reasons for Truman’s surprise reelection as president in 1948.
• Summarize the rise and fall of McCarthyism in the United States from 1950 to
1954.
• Evaluate Truman’s success in extending the New Deal policies of FDR.
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Critique President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s success or failure in waging the Cold
War
FROM THE FAIR DEAL TO THE GREAT SOCIETY (1945-1968)
• Explain why Levittown was a symbol of the growing American trend toward
conformity and consumerism in the postwar years.
• Describe the problems of reconverting to a peacetime economy and the reasons
for the surge of the economy after 1946.
• Analyze the components of Truman’s Fair Deal and establish the reasons why
most of his package was not enacted.
• Explain why Eisenhower’s administration marked an era of moderation.
• Discuss the objectives, victories, and failures of the civil rights movement in the
1950s.
• Summarize the contributions of Martin Luther King, Jr. during the 1950s.
• Explain the effects of suburban life on American families.
• Define “modern republicanism” as developed during the Eisenhower
administration.
• Identify the reasons why the pace of desegregation of schools was slow.
THE TURBULENT SIXTIES
• Assess John F. Kennedy’s record as a “Cold Warrior” and the long-term
consequences of his decisions.
• Summarize the main events and results of the Bay of Pigs landing and the Cuban
Missile Crisis.
• List and analyze the reasons for America’s military buildup in Vietnam and how
this escalation undermined the administration of Lyndon Johnson.
• Describe the escalation of America’s commitment in Vietnam from 1965 to 1968.
• Explain why and how the year 1968 became the turning point in the Vietnam
War.
• Discuss the key elements of Kennedy’s domestic agenda.
• Summarize the key Supreme Court decisions and their impact on reform of the
early 1960s.
• Explain the domestic successes of the Johnson administration.
• Analyze the key features of the cultural rebellion of the 1960s.
• Compare the ethnic and women’s movement of this era.
• Summarize the historical factors that led to the return and success of Richard
Nixon.
A CRISIS IN CONFIDENCE (1969-1980)
• Outline Nixon’s first-term goals and accomplishments in his domestic agenda.
• Discuss the objectives of Nixon’s foreign policy and his strategy for ending the
war in Vietnam.
• Account for the overwhelming reelection of Nixon as president in 1972.
• Explain the causes and the role played by President Nixon in the Watergate
scandal.
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Describe the causes of the energy crisis as well as its impact on the American
economy and the political scene.
Compare and contrast the approaches taken by presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy
Carter to correct America’s economic problems.
Analyze Carter’s successes and failures in dealing with foreign affairs.
Evaluate the public disenchantment with the Carter administration.
THE CONSERVATIVE RESURGENCE
• Discuss the reasons for a conservative resurgence and the election of Ronald
Reagan in 1980.
• Identify and describe the successes and failures of Reagan’s first-term domestic
policies.
• Summarize the complex social issues that arose on the 1980s and the federal
government’s responses.
• Evaluate Reagan’s approach to the Soviet Union, the arms race, and his foreign
policies in the Middle East and Central America.
• Explain the events of the Iran-Contra affair.
• Discuss the candidates, issues, and results of the election of 1988.
• Outline the domestic challenges that preoccupied the administration of George
Bush.
• Critique the reasons for and results of the Persian Gulf War in 1991.
• Describe the series of events that signaled an end to the Cold War.
AMERICA IN FLUX: NEW UNCERTAINTIES (1990-2001)
• Discuss the factors that made the latter third of the twentieth century a period of
social unrest in the United States.
• Outline how demographic, economic, and political changes during this era
impacted minorities.
• Trace the development of the Internet.
• Discuss how changes in the American family structure during the latter twentieth
century created new public issues.
• Analyze the relative gains and setbacks for women in American society during
this era.
• Evaluate the impact of American economic policies during the 1980s and early
1990s.
• Explain the resurgence of the Democratic Party and the election of Bill Clinton as
president in 1992 and 1996.
• Critique the performance of Bill Clinton as president in terms of both domestic
and foreign affairs.
• Summarize the circumstances of the close election of 2000 and its ramifications
for George W. Bush as he entered office.
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ADVANCED PLACEMENT HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (7560)
Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives
• Students will be able understand geography as a field of inquiry.
• Understand the emergence of academic geography in nineteenth century Europe
and how the discipline has evolved into the study of space, place and identity.
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Learn the importance of spatial organization, the location of places, people, events
and connections among places and landscapes.
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Students will be able define key geographical concepts and models.
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Students will be able to delineate spatially underlying geographical concepts of
location, space, places, scale, pattern, regionalization, and globalization.
Put into context the location of places, people, and events and the connections that
human inhabitants have in understanding places and landscapes.
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Students will be able utilize geographical skills.
How to read and use maps and spatial data– physical and political
How to recognize and interpret different scales of map data to make linear
connections and associations between and among spatial patterns
How to understand and interpret implications of natural incidents and events in
places
How to define regions and assess regionalization and its impacts on local
communities
Students will be able utilize field data driven by geographic ideas including
census data and its uses.
Population
• Students will be able to analyze the distribution of human population on different
scales including global, continental, national, state, province, and local
community.
o Explain why population is increasing or declining with the interweaving
aspects of economies, resources, fertility and mortality rates, and human
migratory patterns.
o Compare and contrast patterns of population composition with such
factors as age, sex, race, and ethnicity.
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Students will be able understand and explain the consequences of population
densities and distributions on economies, natural resources, and environment.
o Understand hazards of population over time including environmental
degradation
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o How environmental degradation may rapidly cause mass out-migration
and further urbanization creating new pressures on the environment
o Understanding the immediate and long term impacts of mass outmigration on regional identities, industrial employment, and consequential
changes in political agendas
Cultural Patterns and Processes
• Students will be able understand and explain cultural patterns and processes that
impact cultural identity, attitude, and practices.
o Understand the components and regional variations of cultural patterns
o Define and interpret concepts of culture including traits, diffusion,
acculturation, and regionalism
o Compare and contrast cultural differences in the categories of language,
religion, ethnicity, and gender.
o Relate elements of popular and folk culture within cultural identities of
nations – i.e. Sixties pop culture on American culture
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Students will be able recognize and discuss how cultural landscapes link and help
define cultural identity.
o Recognize values and preferences of people and the significance of the
environment to their social customs
o How culture is expressed symbolically in landscape and how together they
give humankind a sense of place
Political Organization of Space
• Students will be able understand the nature of political organization of territory at
different scales.
o Explain why political patterns reflect ideas of how the Earth’s surface
should be organized
o Define and utilize concepts explaining the dimensions of politicization
including territoriality, boundaries, nation, nation-state, federal and unitary
states, colonialism and imperialism
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Students will be able understand the forces that shape contemporary world
political maps.
o Discuss the rise of the modern state in Europe and the political idealism of
sovereignty in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries
o Understand challenges to inherited political-territorial arrangements which
result in circular pattern of political fragmentations, unifications, and
alliances
o Evaluate political forces that change individual countries including
ethnicity, ethnic separatism, economic globalization, emergence of
regional economic blocs (i.e. European Union)
o Understand the political units and its forces upon regional, national, and
global institutions including such organizations as NATO and the United
Nations
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o Explain ways in which electoral districts, municipal boundaries, and
ethnic enclaves affect political, social, and economic processes
Agricultural and Rural Land Use
• Students will be able to compare and contrast the development and diffusion of
agriculture between the Neolithic Agricultural and Second Agricultural
Revolution.
o Discuss the origins of world agricultural regions as a response to the
domestication of wheat and how it spread along the same lines of latitude
o Discern the impact of the agricultural revolutions on quality of life and the
environment
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Students will be able identify and explain why agricultural regions developed
including variations within major zones and effects of markets.
o Discuss agricultural systems associated with major bioclimatic zones
o Consider the effects of food production and consumption among regional
patterns of diet, energy use, and agrarian technological innovations
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Students will be able to explain why some regions have extensive agricultural
activity while others intensive agricultural activity.
o Define and utilize terms associated with extensive activity – fishing,
forestry, nomadic herding, ranching, and shifting cultivation
o Define and utilize terms associated with intensive activity – plantation
agriculture, mixed crop/livestock systems, market gardening, horticulture,
and factory farms
Settlement Patterns and Rural Land Use
• Students will be able explain settlement patterns and landscapes typical of each
major agricultural type
o Use a variety of models to explain agricultural land use including von
ThÜnen’s model
o Understand settlement patterns via land survey, environmental conditions,
and sustaining cultural values that are associated with human settlement
Modern Commercial Agriculture
• Students will be able define and understand the impacts of the Third Agricultural
Revolution, Green Revolution, Biotechnology and Industrial Agriculture.
• Students will discuss future food supplies and the environmental challenges of
maintaining food supplies within the context of population growth, over-use of
land, and diminishing resources.
Industrialization and Economic Development
• Students will be able to explain how economic activity has spatial character
through the location of natural resources
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o Divide economic activities within world regions into key sectors to further
understand how space, place, identity, and culture affect values associated
with natural resources and economic activity
o Discuss the elements of industrialization and development in the changing
economic world as seen through the one well-developed world and one a
less-developed periphery
o Understand how regions, nations, and global communities are impacted by
economic inequity as directly linked to geographic location
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Students will be able contemporize patterns and effects of industrialization from
the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century to emerging industrial nations
in the twenty-first century
o Define and utilize terms including division of labor, economic
globalization, brown zones, resource conservation, deindustrialization,
economic restructuring, pollution, health, quality of life, environmental
change, sustainability, unions, consumerism, and consumption
Cities and Urban Land Use
• Students will be able to delineate the differences in urban geography: one; the
study of systems of cities, second; the internal structure and landscapes of cities.
o Define and use terms including urbanization, rural-urban migration,
megacities, and megalopolises
o Scrutinize where cities are located and why they are there
o Analyze historical distributions of cities including aspects of differential
growth among cities, modes of available transportation, and
communication access between cities
o Examine what cities are like to live in considering patterns of land use,
racial and ethnic segregation, enclaves, availability of transportation,
gentrification, and patterns of even and uneven cyclical development
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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT (7600)
PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT
• Define government
• Name the four characteristics of a state (territory, population, government,
sovereignty)
• Restate the Social Contract Theory with citations from John Locke
• Translate the word democracy to its Greek origins
• Construct an outline that classifies the forms of government. Distinguish between
unitary, federal and confederate. Distinguish between parliamentary and presidential
governments. Distinguish between dictatorship and democracy
• Recite the definition of democracy given in the Gettysburg Address
• Asses the five basic concepts of democracy (fundamental worth of the individual,
equality of all persons, majority rule and minority rights, necessity of compromise,
and individual freedom)
ORIGINS OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
• Judge how the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights contributed to the
development of democracy.
• Outline and explain the five parts of the Declaration of Independence (Introduction,
Contemporary American Political Philosophy, Indictment against King George III,
Acceptance of Richard Henry Lee's Resolution of Independence, and Signatures)
• Identify at least five weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and judge the
central reason for the failure of the Articles
• Appraise the spirit of compromise at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 by
explaining the Connecticut Compromise, the Three-fifths Compromise, the
Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise, and the Election of the President
Compromise
• Name five major delegates at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 and tell of their
contribution
• Recite the Preamble of the Constitution and identify the titles of the seven articles of
the Constitution
• Argue why James Madison is called "The Father of the Constitution" by referring to
at least three of his accomplishments
• Compare and contrast the forces of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the
ratification of the Constitution
THE CONSTITUTION
• Recite and explain the six basic principles of the Constitution (Popular Sovereignty,
Limited Government, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Judicial Review,
Federalism)
• List the four methods of formally amending the Constitution as stated in Article V of
the Constitution
• Identify the amendments to the Constitution by content with their numbers
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Formulate five methods that the Constitution can be informally amended
(Legislation, Executive Action, Court Decisions, Party Practices, and Custom)
Appraise how America has become more democratic through the history of the
Constitution's amendments
Distinguish the difference between the Constitution of the United States and the
Constitution of the State of Florida
POLITICAL PARTIES
• Define a political party
• Compare and contrast a one party system, a two party system, and a multi-party
system
• Compare and contrast ideological political parties with pragmatic political parties
• Compare and contrast a liberal with a conservative
• Identify the origins and development of the major political parties in America
• Recognize the era of one party domination in American history
• Explain the nature of a party platform
• State how a person becomes a member of a political party and how to register to
vote
THE CONGRESS
• Recognize that Article I of the Constitution deals with the Legislative Branch
• Explain the historical, practical and theoretical reasons why the United States has a
bicameral legislature
• Identify the terms, sessions, and qualifications of Congress
• Define reapportionment by citing the Reapportionment Act of 1929
• Appraise the two forms of malapportionment: population variation and
gerrymandering. Analyze why Wesberry v. Sanders (1964) instituted the principle of
"one man, one vote"
• List the current members of the House of Representatives from South Florida and
the Senators from Florida
• Recognize the duties of Members of Congress
• Categorize the powers of Congress by distinguishing expressed powers and implied
powers from the nonlegislative powers
• Create an organizational chart of Congress including presiding officers, party leaders
and committee chairmen
• Distinguish between the types of congressional committees (standing, select, joint
and conference)
• Explain how a bill becomes a law
• Identify the major domestic and foreign problems facing Congress today
• Distinguish the difference between the United States Congress and the State of
Florida Legislature
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THE PRESIDENCY
• Describe the eight roles of the President (chief of state, chief executive, chief
administrator, chief diplomat, commander-in-chief, chief legislator, party chief, and
chief citizen)
• List the qualifications and terms of the President
• Quantify the compensation of the President
• Identify the amendments to the U.S. Constitution that deal with the President
• Describe the status of the Vice President
• Explain the origins and development of the Electoral College by analyzing the most
recent election of the President
• Evaluate the major criticisms and proposals of reform for the Electoral College
• Determine the ways in which the President exercises executive authority
• Distinguish the roles of the Executive Office of the President and the Cabinet
• List the Presidents in chronological order from George Washington to the present
with at least one distinguishing feature about each President
• Distinguish the differences between the United States President and the Governor of
Florida
• Distinguish the differences between the Cabinet of the President and the Cabinet of
the Governor of Florida
FOREIGN POLICY
• Analyze why the United States must have a policy for its relations with the rest of
the world
• Outline the geographic and functional lines of the State Department
• Outline the organization of the Department of Defense.
• Explain how the CIA, NSA, USIA and NASA are also involved in executing United
States foreign policy
• Summarize United States foreign policy from independence to World War II
• Appraise the origins, development and impact of the Cold War
• Recognize the major challenges of United States foreign policy today
• Explain the role of the United Nations in making the world free from war
THE JUDICIARY
• Compare and contrast the judiciary under the Articles of Confederation and the
Constitution
• Define jurisdiction
• Explain the kinds of jurisdiction (original and appellate, exclusive and concurrent)
• Explain the concept of judicial review from Marbury v. Madison (1803)
• Identify how the Supreme Court operates
• List the members of the present Supreme Court and then identify their voting
patterns
• Outline the structure of the state courts in Florida
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CIVIL LIBERTIES
• Compare and contrast the Due Process Clause of the 5th and 14th Amendments
• Explain Procedural Due Process and Substantive Due Process
• Analyze the five freedoms of the First Amendment (religion, speech, press,
assembly, and petition) through relevant Supreme Court rulings
• Analyze the factors that limit individual rights in America
• Assess the responsibilities that each citizen bears
• Identify the constitutional protection for persons accused of a crime
• Assess the reason why the Constitution defines the crime of treason
• Trace the history of the struggle for civil rights for African Americans
• Explain in what sense the Constitution guarantees equality of all persons
46
ECONOMICS (7650)
INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS
• Explain why there is scarcity in every nation
• Define wants
• Distinguish between wants and needs
• List four types of resources
• Explain the concepts of theory and model
• Explain the purposes of economic theories and models
• Distinguish between "what is" and "what should be"
• Define empirical science and ethics
• Define trade-off and opportunity costs
• Communicate the relationship between economics and choice
• Describe how societies trade-offs can be represented on a production's possibility
frontier
• Explain the three basic economic questions: What, How, For Whom
• Have students appreciate the differences and illustrate examples of a command
economy, a pure market system, and a mixed economy
• Give a brief profile of the following economists: Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Karl
Marx, Alfred Marshall, John Maynard Keynes, and Milton Friedman
DEMAND, SUPPLY, AND EQUILIBRIUM
• Define demand
• Graph and explain the demand curve
• List and explain the determinants of demand
• Communicate the concept of elasticity of demand
• Define substitute and complimentary goods and relate them to quantity produced
and price determination
• Define supply
• Graph and explain the supply curve
• List and explain the determinants of supply
• Graph and explain the shifts of the supply curve
• Combine the supply and demand curve to graphically represent and determine
equilibrium price and quantity
• Using a supply and demand graph, explain the concept of shortage and surplus
• Graph and explain equilibrium price and quantity
• Have students conclude the effects of price ceiling and floors on prices and quantity
by using supply and demand graphs
BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
• Define sole proprietorship
• Compare the advantages and disadvantages of a sole proprietorship
• Define partnership
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Compare the advantages and disadvantages of a partnership
Define corporation
Explain the concepts of legal entity, common and preferred stock
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of a corporation
MARKET STRUCTURE
• List and explain the conditions for perfect competition
• Define efficiency
• Explain the relationships between perfect competition and efficiency
• List and explain the characteristics of a pure monopoly
• Explain the following types of monopolies: natural, government, patent, and
geographic
• List and explain the characteristics of monopolistic competition
• List and explain the characteristics of oligopoly
GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND ANTI-TRUST ACTIVITY
• Define interlocking directorate, merger, and conglomerate
• List at least three U.S. Anti-Trust Acts and analyze their efficiency
• Have students state and appraise the purposes of the major federal regulatory
agencies
• List and explain some arguments for and against regulation
FINANCING, PRODUCING, MARKETING, AND DISTRIBUTING GOODS AND
SERVICES
• Define short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term financing
• List and explain the following types of financing: trade credit, unsecured loans,
secured loans, and lines of credit
• List and explain the following types of intermediate term financing: term loan and
lease
• List and explain the following types of long-term financing: bonds and stocks
• Explain stock market quotations
• Distinguish between consumer and producer goods
• Define division of labor, mechanization, automation, and robotics
• Define the elements of market research
• Explain the different elements of marketing strategy
THE AMERICAN LABOR FORCE
• Define civilian labor force
• List four different job categories by level of education and training
• Using supply and demand curves, graphically represent pricing and supply in labor
markets
• Define labor union, craft union, closed shop, union shop, agency shop, minimum
wage law, and right to work laws
• List significant dates and facts in the development of the American labor movement
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Describe the AFL-CIO
Define collective bargaining, mediation, cost of living adjustment, arbitration,
boycott, lockout, and injunction
Analyze the evolution of union membership in the U.S. in the last fifty years and
some of its causes
NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING
• Explain how gross domestic product is measured
• Distinguish between real and nominal measures of accounting
• Define the differences between gross domestic product, net domestic product, and
national income; between national income and personal income, and between
personal income and disposable personal income
• Calculate index numbers, prices indices, and inflation
• Explain consumer price index, producer price index, and the implicit gross domestic
product price deflator
• Define purchasing power and real gross domestic product
BUSINESS FLUCTUATIONS
• Define business fluctuations and business cycles
• Identify the major causes of the Great Depression
• Analyze the attempt of the New Deal to end the Great Depression
• List and explain the phases of a typical business cycle
• Explain some possible causes of business fluctuations
• Define innovation and have the students explore some possible ramifications as well
as economic indicators
MONEY AND BANKING
• Explain the functions of money
• Explain the characteristics of money
• List the most significant events in the history of American money and banking
• Define overdraft checking and electronic funds transfer
• Distinguish between money and near moneys
THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM AND MONETARY POLICY
• Explain the following concepts: monetary policy, loose and tight monetary policies,
and fractional reserve banking
• Describe the process of monetary expansion
• Describe the organization of the Federal Reserve System
• List and explain the functions of the Federal Reserve System
• Define reserve requirements, discount rate, and open market operations
• Analyze how the Federal Reserve alters the money supply by changing reserve
requirements, discount rate and engaging in open market operations
• Communicate some of the difficulties in carrying out monetary policy and conceive
of political pressures placed upon the central bank
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FISCAL POLICY
• Define public good, merit good, income redistribution, fiscal year, deficit financing,
national debt, and the Balanced Budget Amendment
• Describe the main areas in which the government redistributes income and have
students discuss the merits of these policies
• Describe the Federal Budget marking process
• List the major taxes
• Explain the principals of taxation
• Define progressive, regressive, and proportional tax
STABILIZATION POLICIES
• Define stabilization policies, unemployment rate, inflation, natural rate of
unemployment, fiscal policy, monetarism, and monetary rule
• List and explain the different types of unemployment
• Distinguish between demand pull and cost push inflation
• Explain the relationships between fiscal policy and unemployment
• Explain the monetarists' criticism of fiscal policy
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FINANCE
• Explain the benefits of international trade
• Distinguish between absolute and comparative advantage
• Define foreign exchange markets, fixed and flexible exchange rates, devaluation,
and depreciation
• Explain how supply and demand determine flexible exchange rates
• Define tariff and quota
• Contrast the advantages of using tariffs versus quotas
• Describe the North American Free Trade Agreement
CAPITALISM AND SOCIALISM
• Identify the characteristics of pure capitalism
• Identify the characteristics of pure socialism
• Describe the Marxist view of socialism
• Distinguish between authoritarianism and democratic socialism
• Describe the development of Chinese socialism following World War II
• Define privatization and welfare state
• Describe current examples of economies in transition
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• Contrast developed and developing nations
• Explain the financing of economic development
• List three reasons for giving foreign aid
• Explain three obstacles to economic development
• Explain the importance of property rights for economic development
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THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
• Define integration, global markets, direct foreign investment, multinational
corporations, and corporate alliances
• Describe how better telecommunications have helped global integration
• Give a brief history of foreign investment in the U.S.
• Describe how the globalization of markets has increased the need for tolerance
51
ADVANCED PLACEMENT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT (7655)
PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT
• Define government
• Name the four characteristics of a state (territory, population, government,
sovereignty)
• Restate the Social Contract Theory with citations from John Locke
• Translate the word democracy to its Greek origins
• Construct an outline that classifies the forms of government. Distinguish between
unitary, federal and confederate. Distinguish between parliamentary and presidential
governments. Distinguish between dictatorship and democracy
• Recite the definition of democracy given in the Gettysburg Address
• Assess the five basic concepts of democracy (fundamental worth of the individual,
equality of all persons, majority rule and minority rights, necessity of compromise,
and individual freedom)
ORIGINS OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
• Judge how the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights contributed to the
development of democracy.
• Outline and explain the five parts of the Declaration of Independence (Introduction,
Contemporary American Political Philosophy, Indictment against King George III,
Acceptance of Richard Henry Lee's Resolution of Independence, and Signatures)
• Identify at least five weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and judge the
central reason for the failure of the Articles
• Appraise the spirit of compromise at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 by
explaining the Connecticut Compromise, the Three-fifths Compromise, the
Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise, and the Election of the President
Compromise
• Name five major delegates at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 and tell of their
contribution
• Recite the Preamble of the Constitution and identify the titles of the seven articles of
the Constitution
• Argue why James Madison is called "The Father of the Constitution" by referring to
at least three of his accomplishments
• Compare and contrast the forces of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the
ratification of the Constitution
THE CONSTITUTION
• Recite and explain the six basic principles of the Constitution (Popular Sovereignty,
Limited Government, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Judicial Review,
Federalism)
• List the four methods of formally amending the Constitution as stated in Article V of
the Constitution
• Identify the amendments to the Constitution by content with their numbers
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Formulate five methods that the Constitution can be informally amended
(Legislation, Executive Action, Court Decisions, Party Practices, and Custom)
Appraise how America has become more democratic through the history of the
Constitution's amendments
Distinguish the difference between the Constitution of the United States and the
Constitution of the State of Florida
POLITICAL PARTIES
• Define a political party
• Compare and contrast a one party system, a two party system, and a multi-party
system
• Compare and contrast ideological political parties with pragmatic political parties
• Compare and contrast a liberal with a conservative
• Identify the origins and development of the major political parties in America
• Recognize the era of one party domination in American history
• Explain the nature of a party platform
• State how a person becomes a member of a political party and how to register to
vote
THE CONGRESS
• Recognize that Article I of the Constitution deals with the Legislative Branch
• Explain the historical, practical and theoretical reasons why the United States has a
bicameral legislature
• Identify the terms, sessions, and qualifications of Congress
• Define reapportionment by citing the Reapportionment Act of 1929
• Appraise the two forms of malapportionment: population variation and
gerrymandering. Analyze why Wesberry v. Sanders (1964) instituted the principle of
"one man, one vote"
• List the current members of the House of Representatives from South Florida and
the Senators from Florida
• Recognize the duties of Members of Congress
• Categorize the powers of Congress by distinguishing expressed powers and implied
powers from the nonlegislative powers
• Create an organizational chart of Congress including presiding officers, party leaders
and committee chairmen
• Distinguish between the types of congressional committees (standing, select, joint
and conference)
• Explain how a bill becomes a law
• Identify the major domestic and foreign problems facing Congress today
• Distinguish the difference between the United States Congress and the State of
Florida Legislature
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THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• Describe the eight roles of the President (chief of state, chief executive, chief
administrator, chief diplomat, commander-in-chief, chief legislator, party chief, and
chief citizen)
• List the qualifications and terms of the President
• Quantify the compensation of the President
• Identify the amendments to the U.S. Constitution that deal with the President
• Describe the status of the Vice President
• Explain the origins and development of the Electoral College by analyzing the most
recent election of the President
• Evaluate the major criticisms and proposals of reform for the Electoral College
• Determine the ways in which the President exercises executive authority
• Distinguish the roles of the Executive Office of the President and the Cabinet and
the Independent Agencies
• List the Presidents in chronological order from George Washington to the present
with at least one distinguishing feature about each President
• Distinguish the differences between the United States President and the Governor of
Florida
• Distinguish the differences between the Cabinet of the President and the Cabinet of
the Governor of Florida
FOREIGN POLICY
• Analyze why the United States must have a policy for its relations with the rest of
the world
• Outline the geographic and functional lines of the State Department
• Outline the organization of the Department of Defense.
• Explain how the CIA, NSA, USIA and NASA are also involved in executing United
States foreign policy
• Summarize United States foreign policy from independence to World War II
• Appraise the origins, development and impact of the Cold War
• Recognize the major challenges of United States foreign policy today
• Explain the role of the United Nations in making the world free from war
THE JUDICIARY
• Compare and contrast the judiciary under the Articles of Confederation and the
Constitution
• Define jurisdiction
• Explain the kinds of jurisdiction (original and appellate, exclusive and concurrent)
• Explain the concept of judicial review from Marbury v. Madison (1803)
• Identify how the Supreme Court operates
• List the members of the present Supreme Court and then identify their voting
patterns
• Outline the structure of the state courts in Florida
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CIVIL LIBERTIES
• Compare and contrast the Due Process Clause of the 5th and 14th Amendments
• Explain Procedural Due Process and Substantive Due Process
• Analyze the five freedoms of the First Amendment (religion, speech, press,
assembly, and petition) through relevant Supreme Court rulings
• Analyze the factors that limit individual rights in America
• Assess the responsibilities that each citizen bears
• Identify the constitutional protection for persons accused of a crime
• Assess the reason why the Constitution defines the crime of treason
CIVIL RIGHTS
• Trace the history of the struggle for civil rights for African Americans
• Explain in what sense the Constitution guarantees equality of all persons
• Identify the federal laws designed to protect civil rights
• Evaluate the pros and cons of Affirmative Action
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LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (7700)
THE HISPANIC BACKGROUND AND ANCIENT AMERICA
• List the main reasons why Spain and Portugal were better prepared for the discovery
of America
• Identify the different groups which contributed to the Spanish culture and their main
contribution (Celts, Phoenitians, Greeks, Romans, Visigoths and Moslems)
• Recite the main contribution of the Catholic Kings, Charles I and Phillip II
• To summarize the most important steps of the four trips of Columbus
• List the most important writers and artists of the Spanish Golden Age and their most
important work
• Explain how the unification of Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella was the catalyst
for the exploration drive
• Identify six Spanish cultural values, personalism, hidalguismo, machismo,
caudillismo, realism vs. idealism and caballerosidad, and their impact on the Latin
American Culture
• Identify fueros, regidores, corregidores, cabillo, visitadores, adelantado,
encomienda, patronato real and residencia
• Analyze the leadership of King John I of Portugal to encourage trips of exploration
• Evaluate basic facts about the geography of Latin America barriers to progress
• Identify the most important geographical characteristic of most Latin American
countries
• Identify the origins of the racial groups in Latin America and their reasons for
settling in different areas
• Recognize three Indian tribes of Mexico and Central America before the colonists
arrived in America: Mistecs, Teotihuacanos and Toltecs
• Explain the level of development that distinguished the Mayas and the Astecs in the
pre-Hispanic period. Cite some of their important achievements that give evidence
of advanced civilization
• Analyze the degree of civilization present in the Western part of South America
before the colonists arrived there. Concentrate on analyzing the Inca civilization
• Explain the system of administration and controls used by the Incas to rule their
empire: cast system, the absolute power of the Incas, the use of the military,
important cities, roads and communication and language
• Evaluate the degree of state socialism exercised by the Incas and how it worked
• Analyze the degree of civilization before the colonists arrived in Mexico and Central
America - the Mayas, the Olmecs and the Toltecs
• Describe the minor Indian groups in South America before the colonial conquest:
location and importance
• Compare and contrast the Inca civilization with that of the Aztecs
• Explain the significant discoveries that preceded the conquest of Peru and the
political state of the Incas when the Spanish arrived
• Explain the Treaty of Tordesillas and its impact on Latin America
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THE GEOGRAPHY AND CONQUEST OF LATIN AMERICA
• Explain the significant discoveries that preceded the conquest of Peru
• Identify the most important discoverers: Pedro Alvarez Cabral, Vasco Nuñez de
Balboa, Juan Diaz de Solis, Hernando de Soto, Francisco Vazquez de Coronado,
Albar Nuñez Cabeca de Vaca, Francisco de Orellana, Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada,
Pedro Valdivia, Juan de Ayolas, Pedro de Mendoza, Domingo Martinez de Irala and
Juan de Garay
• Describe the background of Hernan Cortez and the expedition from Veracruz to
Tenontitlan that resulted in the conquest of the Aztecs
• Explain the new discoveries and conquests by Cortez based from Mexico City: the
conquest of California, parts of Central America
• Analyze the significance of Magellan expedition around South America
• Describe three important stages of the conquest of Peru by Pizarro
• Identify the legend of El Dorado and the efforts by the Spaniards to find it in North
America
• Evaluate what sort of men the conquistadores of America were and how their motive
- God, gold and glory - affected their accomplishments
• Describe the type of colonial economy the Spanish had (capitalist, feudal or mixture
of both) using the mining industry as an example
• Explain the role of Fr. Bartolome de las Casas, Fr. Antonio de Montesinos, the law
of Burgos, and the New Law in the treatment of the Indians
• Describe the functions and responsibilities of the Seville Board of Trade (Casa de
Contratacion de Sevilla)
• Identify Dona Marina, Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Pedro Pizarro, Alonso de Ercilla y
Zuñiga, Montezuma, Cuauhtemoc, Atahualpa, Huascar and Laufaro
• Analyze the impact of the Asiento System on the transportation of slaves to Latin
America
• Locate the Latin American countries, their capitals and their main ports on the map
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE SPANISH IN THE NEW
WORLD
• Evaluate the type of labor that developed in the Latin American colonies as a result
of the struggle between the crown, the church, and the colonies
• Appraise the disruption of the Indian economy and the new order the Spaniards
imposed on the conquered land
• Identify the type of colonial administration developed by Spain after the great
freedoms and power given to the explorers was taken away
• Evaluate the discrepancy between the laws and their non-observance in the Spanish
colonies. Also evaluate the effects that this practice has had on the history of Latin
America
• Explain how the social order that arose in the Indies was based, like that of Spain, on
feudal principles, race, occupation and religion being the formal criteria that
determined social status
• Describe the role of the Council of the Indies and its branches
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Analyze the role of the most important government positions (Viceroy,
Capital-General, Governors and Judges) and their interaction
Identify the role of the visitadores, corregidores, fueros, residencia and cabildo in
Latin America
Explain the Fleet System and its economic consequences in Latin America
Describe the triangular trade and its economic impact on Latin America
COLONIAL BRAZIL / UNITED STATES - LATIN AMERICAN RELATIONS AND
THE AFRICANS IN THE NEW WORLD
• Evaluate the relationship between race and the class system in Latin America
• Explain the basic difference between the Spanish colonization of Latin America and
Portugal's colonization of Brazil
• Compare the Spanish and Portuguese Indian policy and the resulting use of Negro
slave labor
• Analyze the governmental structure set up by Portugal (compared with the Spanish)
and the role of the church in the political system (compared with the Spanish)
• Classify the social status of the race combinations - White/Negro, White/Indian,
Negro/Indian as to wealth and social position
• Identify the Donatario System, the Marquis of Pombal, Fr. Antonio Vieira, Fr. Jose
Anchieta and Antonio Francisco de Lisboa
• Analyze the consequence of the treatment of the slaves during the colonial period in
their assimilation process
• Compare the similarities and differences of slavery in Cuba, Brazil and Virginia in
United States regarding the economy, climate, immigration, colonization,
government, holidays, church, slave code, education, and the concept of africans
• Explain how American foreign policy toward Latin America has changed over time
due to U.S. economic interests and how ideology also has influenced U.S. policy
• Analyze three significant forces (Manifest Destiny, increased U.S. commerce, and
rise of industrialism) that attracted the United States to Latin America
• Explain the fourteen most important U.S. policies toward Latin America from 1818
to present
• Describe the important events in the Spanish-American War and the subsequent
policies ("Big Stick" and Dollar Diplomacy) in the Caribbean
• List the different steps taken by the U.S. since 1825 to acquire and build the Panama
Canal and identify the role played by Buneau Varilla
• Explain the reasons for U.S. interventions in the Dominican Republic, Haiti,
Nicaragua and Mexico and the aftermath of the occupations
• Identify President Woodrow Wilson's policy toward Latin America and analyze the
problem Wilson faced in Mexico during the Revolution of 1917
• Explain the U.S. changes in policy toward Latin America after the Cuban
Revolution of 1959 emphasizing the aims and results of the Alliance for Progress
• Explain the result of the human rights policy of President Carter in Latin America
and the steps taken to give Panama control of the Canal
• Compare and contrast the Carter and Reagan administrations' policies toward Latin
America
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THE BOURBON REFORMS AND SPANISH AMERICA - THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD
• List the wars and revolutions of the 1700s which had an impact on Latin America
(the War of Spanish Succession, the War of Austrian Succession, the Seven Year's
War, the American Revolution and the French Revolution)
• Analyze the influence and power of the Catholic church in Latin America
• Describe how Spanish colonial commerce eventually attracted other countries to
compete and examine the role played by the pirates
• Analyze the influence of the Catholic Church during the early colonial period and
how the Church acquired great wealth
• Compare and contrast the traditional position of the Church with the changes taking
place since Vatican II - the "Theology of Liberation" and its political impact
• Analyze the impact of the Inquisition in Latin America
• Explain the role of the "Missions" in Latin America
• Discuss the educational system in colonial Latin America
• Describe the function of the extended family in Latin America
• Discuss some important writers of colonial Latin America (Gertrudiz Gomez de
Avellaneda, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Garcilazo de la Vega, and Alonso de Ercilla
y Zuniga)
INDEPENDENCE OF LATIN AMERICA
• Analyze the conditions that lead to the revolutions
• Evaluate the causes of the wars of independence in Latin America
• Explain the liberation of Haiti by Toussaint L'Overture
• Analyze the direct causes of the revolution for independence in Latin America in
general and in South America in particular
• Compare the struggle for independence in South America with that of the United
States
• Describe the fight for independence of the northern part of South America Biographical sketch of Simon Bolivar and his early accomplishment
• Explain the liberation of Colombia by Bolivar and the effects of the fall of Napoleon
on the movement for liberation of South America
• Describe the turning point of the northern wars of South America during 1819,
including the wars of liberation of Venezuela
• Explain the movement for independence in the southern part of South America led
by Jose de San Martin
• Evaluate San Martin's accomplishments in liberating Chile and his encounters with
Bolivar liberating the rest of the western part of South America
• Explain how the Mexican revolution for independence also became a social
revolution
• Describe the failure to organize wide support among the Creoles in the rest of
Mexico by the movement started in Dolores by Miguel Hidalgo and later Jose
Morelos
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Evaluate how the independence of Mexico was accomplished and explain why
Mexico changed from a colony of Spain to an empire led by Agustin Iturbide
MEXICAN HISTORY AND POLITICS FROM INDEPENDENCE UNTIL TODAY
• Define the term "caudillo" as used in Latin American history and explain the liberal
vs. conservative struggle in Mexico after their independence
• Describe the dictatorship of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna in Mexico and explain
the causes and results of the Mexican War with the U.S.
• Identify the reforms of Benito Juarez - specially the ones that affected the Catholic
Church and the reasons for the French intervention in Mexico (1862-67)
• Evaluate the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz in Mexico, pointing out the
accomplishments and abuses of his dictatorship
• Francisco I. Madero was the main leader of the Mexican revolution of 1910.
Explain his views on democracy, the reasons he broke relations with Emiliano
Zapata and the eventual demise of his presidency
• In 1914 the U.S. intervened in Mexico. Identify the roles played by Venustiano
Carranza, Alvaro Obregon, Pancho Villa and General John "Black Jack" Pershing
• Discuss the causes and effects of the Mexican Civil War
• Explain how Lazaro Cardenas institutionalized the Mexican revolution and the
extend of land, labor and economic reforms under his regime
• Explain how the P.R.I. (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) elected their
presidential candidates and how it controlled Mexico
• Analyze the presidency of Miguel de la Madrid and its economic policies to control
inflation
• Explain Carlos Salinas de Gortari's presidential election and his economic policies
• Discuss the political role of Cuauhtemoc Cardenas
• Analyze the political problems of the P.R.I. with the assassination of Luis Donato
Colosio and the election of Ernesto Zedillo
• Identify Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana, Benito Juarez, Porfirio Diaz, Emiliano
Zapata, Pancho Villa, Venustiano Carranza, Alvaro Obregon, Lazaro Cardenas, Jose
Lopez Portillo, Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Cuauhtemoc Cardenas, Ernesto Zedillo
• Explain the political role of the Zabatista Army of National Liberation
CUBAN HISTORY AND POLITICS FROM COLUMBUS TO CASTRO
• Locate on a map the most important cities, rivers, parts and historical places of Cuba
• Describe the three Indian tribes of Cuba (Tainos, Siboneyes, and Guanahatabeyes)
and their cultural contribution
• Explain the impact of the Fleet System and the pirates in Cuba during the 16th
century
• Analyze the impact of the production of sugar and tobacco on the Cuban society
during the 1700s
• Explain the consequences of the Enlightenment on Cuban and the role of Bishop
Jose Diaz de Espada
• Discuss the causes and consequences of the Ten Year's War
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Identify the role of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, Perucho Figueredo, Ignacio
Agramonte and Francisco Vicente Aguilera during the Ten Year's War
Explain the four main reasons why Cuba was different from all other Spanish
colonies and what changed matters during the 18th century
Identify the importance of Jose Marti in the independence movement of Cuba
Describe how and why the U.S. became involved in the independence movement in
Cuba and the reasons for the eventual independence of Cuba from the U.S.
Identify the roles of Antonio Maceo and Maximo Gomez during the independence
movement of Cuba
Compare the treatment of the African in Cuba and the U.S.A. and the impact of the
African on the Cuban culture
Analyze the causes and consequences of the Platt Amendment
Summarize the corruption in Cuba and the subsequent U.S. interventions in the
period between 1902-1924
Compare the reforms instituted by Gerardo Machado with the changes made by
Grau San Martin and explain why the revolutionary coalition of 1933 came to an
end. Special emphasis to the role of the U.S.A.
Describe how Fulgencio Batista controlled Cuban politics from 1934-1959 and the
significance of the Autentico Party
Summarize Fidel Castro's rise to power - biography, Moncada attack, Gramma,
Sierra Maestra, Herbert Matthews, defeat of Batista
Analyze the most significant reasons for the break between the U.S.A. and Castro expropriations, Bay of Pigs invasion, the Missile Crisis
Explain the basic economic beliefs of the Cuban revolution - land reforms, effort to
industrialize, return to intensive sugar production
Analyze how Castro has handled immigration - the Freedom Flights, the Mariel
boatlift, the balseros, etc.
Describe the failures of the Cuban revolution and the steps taken by Castro
Identify the role of Raul Castro, Vilma Espin and Arnaldo Ochoa in the
revolutionary process
Explain the importance of the Committee for the Defense of the Revolution (C.D.R.)
BRAZILIAN HISTORY AND POLITICS FROM INDEPENDENCE UNTIL TODAY
• Describe the geography of Brazil and its effects on the country's way of life, its
economy, agriculture and natural resources of the Amazone basin
• Explain the independence of Brazil. The remote cause: Napoleon Bonaparte's
invasion of Portugal and the proximate causes: the liberal revolution of 1820
• Describe how the Portuguese royal family was established in Brazil
• Analyze the role of Pedro I of Brazil in the creation of the Brazilian Empire
• Explain the economic and political policies of Pedro II as a ruler in the Brazilian
Empire
• List the reasons why the Brazilian empire collapsed in 1888
• Discuss the Brazilian government from 1900-1930, its parliamentary system and
their rotation of presidents
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Explain the era of Getulio Vargas from 1930-1954, including his economic and
political policies, the constitutional change of 1934, the Estado Novo, the election of
1945 and 1951, and his long range of economic policies
Identify Juscelino Kubitsheck, his economic policies, the building of Brazilia and
the Alliance for Progress
Discuss the consequences of the election of 1961 and the resignation of Janio
Quadros
Explain the role of the militaries in Brazil from 1967-1984. Costelo Branco changed
the constitution, abuses of Human rights and how the militaries choosed the
president
Discuss the Brazilian democratic process since 1984 to the present and the role of
Franscedo Neves
Explain the causes of the Brazilian inflation and the external debt of Brazil during
the 1980s
Discuss Jose Sarney's economic policies
Analyze the current economic and political problems of the Brazilian government
Identify Archbishop Helder Camara, Gilberto Freyre, Oscar Miemeyer and Lucio
Costa
CHILEAN HISTORY AND POLITICS FROM INDEPENDENCE UNTIL TODAY
• Explain the ten years presidential periods from 1831 to 1871, the conflict between
Catholics and protestants, the great economic process, the Age of Diego Portales, the
British investment, the destruction of Valparaiso
• Discuss the causes and effects of the War of the Pacific (1879-1883)
• Identify the period of Jose Balmaceda and his nationalistic policies
• Analyze the consequences of the European immigration
• Describe the role of Arturo Alessandri in Chilean politics from
1900-1938
• Identify the period of Jorge Alessandri
• Explain the role of Eduardo Frei and the Christian Democratic Party. Chileanization
and the Andrean Pact
• Analyze the election of 1970 in which Salvador Allende was elected and his period
in power. The nationalistic policies
• Explain the changes made by the military junta after the coup that deposed president
Allende. Economic changes, political repression and poor respect for human rights.
• Describe the democratic process of Chile since 1989. The role of Patricio Aylwin,
Eduardo Frei and the Christian Democratic Party
ARGENTINEAN HISTORY AND POLITICS FROM INDEPENDENCE UNTIL TODAY
• Explain the geography of Argentina and its effects on the way the country has
developed, the type of agriculture, natural resources, the influences of los Pampas,
and location of population
• List the most important factors affecting the unification of Argentina
• Describe the dictatorship of Juan Manuel Rosas
• Explain how Bartolome Mitre became president of the nation in 1962. Special
emphasis on his contribution to the unification of Argentina
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Identify Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
Outline the most important events of Argentina during the 20th century
Describe the role of the Union Civica Radical party between 1890 to 1930
Identify Hipolito Irigoyen and his role as a leader of the Union Civica Radical Party
Analyze the role of the militaries from 1930-1946
Identify Juan Domingo Peron with his political and economic policies
List the most important events that show the influence of Peronism from 1946-1983
Identify each of the major issues involved in the territorial dispute with Great Britain
and the Falkland Islands War
Summarize the impact of the Falkland Islands War and the "dirty war" on the
military in Argentina, and the subsequent return to democracy
Evaluate the present state of the economy of Argentina/the reliance on
agriculture/the problem of the international debt
CENTRAL AMERICAN COUNTRIES DURING THE 1800S - GUATEMALA,
NICARAGUA AND EL SALVADOR, HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL PROCESS
FROM INDEPENDENCE UNTIL TODAY
• Identify three arguments for and three arguments against the unification of Central
America between 1821 and 1865
• Describe the role of Francisco Morazon in the independence of Central America
• Outline the liberal reforms program in Guatemala (ideological and economic)
between 1900-1944 and the U.S. influence (economic and political) during that
period
• Define the role of the International Railways of Central America (IRCA) and United
Fruit Co. (UFCO) in Central America between 1850-1950
• Analyze the main differences between the administration of Juan Jose Arevalo and
Jacobo Arbenz and the reasons for the U.S. intervention in Guatemala in 1954
• Explain the steps taken by the U.S. to bring down the government of Jacobo Arbenz
• Point out the most significant political events of the Guatemalan democracy between
1983-1995
• Outline Nicaraguan conservatives political process between 1853-1893
• Identify the conditions in Nicaragua that prompted the U.S. to intervene during the
Zelaya government and the role played by the U.S. between 1900-1933
• Describe the abuses of the Somoza regime that led to the formation of the F.S.L.M.
and the subsequent struggle to end the Somoza dynasty
• Discuss the Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua and how it was affected by the
Contras and U.S. policy
• Explain the economic and political advances of Violeta Barros de Chamorro during
her presidential period
• Identify Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, Anastacio Somoza Garcia, Luis Somoza Debayle,
Anastacio Somoza Debayle, Cesar Augusto Sardina, Daniel Ortega and Monseñor
Obando y Bravo
• Describe the political situation of El Salvador between 1850-1932
• Point out El Salvador's main economic problems between 1850-1932
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Describe the causes of the massacre of 1932 in El Salvador and the resulting alliance
between the oligarchy and the military
Identify and explain three economic problems in the 1960s and 70s in El Salvador
that led to the changes in the political system and the war with Honduras - the
"Soccer War"
Evaluate the changing posture of the Catholic Church from support of the oligarchy
to the "preferential option for the poor" and how that has affected Salvatorean
politics
Identify Major Roberto d'Aubuisson, Monseñor Oscar Romero and Jose Napoleon
Duarte
Describe the important events of the Salvatorean Revolution, 1980-1988
Discuss the Salvatorean political process since 1988 to the present
COLOMBIA AND VENEZUELA HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL PROCESS DURING
THE REPUBLICS UNTIL TODAY
• Describe the regime of Francisco de Paula Santander and the role of the two party
system between 1830-1850
• Summarize the liberal period from 1850-1885 and its main policies
• Explain the main events in Colombia from 1878-1903 that led to the independence
of Panama and the U.S. role to secure the rights to the canal
• Identify Rafael Nuñez and the Thousands Days War
• Outline the most important political events of the conservative period between 19031930
• Describe the impact of the world depression in Colombia and the violence that
existed between 1930 and 1945
• Define el Bogotazo and the involvement of Fidel Castro
• Explain the political instability in Colombia from 1970 to present
• Outline the most important events of the period of Jose A. Paez, the conservatives
vs. liberals, and the Federal War 1830-1863
• Describe the period of Antonio Guzman Blanco and the maturing of neocolonial
Venezuela, 1870-1908
• Asses the period of Juan Vicente Gomez, 1908-1935
• Point out the most important political events of Romulo Betancourt and the
militaries between 1945-1958
• Identify the Accion Democratica (AD), Romulo Gallegos, the Social Christian party
(COPEI) and Rafael Caldera
• Explain the Venezuelan democratic era, 1958-present
• Describe the importance of the petroleum industry to Venezuela, its history and how
it works
• Discuss the political role of the guerrila groups in Colombia since 1960
64
HONORS LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (7710)
THE ANCIENT CIVILIZATION OF THE AMERICAS
• Explain how people reached the Americas
• Identify the main achievements of the Mayan civilization.
• Describe how the Aztecs built a powerful empire.
• Specify what regions the Incas ruled.
• Explain how the Incas organized their empire.
• Describe the role of religion in Incan civilization.
• Describe the agricultural methods of each of the Pre-Columbian civilizations.
The Catholic Kings & the Reconquest of Spain
• Discuss the significance of the Spanish victory over the Moors.
• Describe Ferdinand & Isabella’s rise to power.
• List the reforms that the Catholic Kings established.
• Discuss the role that the Inquisition played in the enforcement of their reforms.
The Age of Exploration
• Explain why European nations sent explorers across the oceans.
• Describe how technology aided European sailors.
• Identify the countries that led the way in overseas exploration.
• Explain why Spanish explorers traveled to the Americas.
• Describe the results of the first encounters between the Spanish and Native
Americans.
• Describe how Spain governed its American empire.
• Explain why the Spanish brought enslaved Africans to the Americas.
• Describe the new social culture that emerged in Spanish America.
• Describe the problems that settlers in New France faced.
• Explain how the Atlantic slave trade affected Africa.
The Conquest of the Aztecs & the Incas
• List the advantages that the European explorers had over the natives.
• Explain the origins of the encomienda system.
• Contrast the conquests of the Incas and the Aztecs.
• Describe the institution of Indian slavery and the abuses that took place.
The Role of the Church in Colonial America
• Discuss the rift that existed within the Church between the hierarchy and the
clergy.
• Describe the role the Church played in the Christianization of the Indians.
• Explain why Bartolome de Las Casas was so integral to the adoption of the Laws
of the Indies.
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The Catholic Missions
• Discuss the significance of the Jesuit missions in South America.
• Explain the process by which Father Junipero Serra established the Camino Real
missions in California.
• Describe the conflicts within the Church regarding the missions in the New
World.
Slavery in the New World
• Discuss the process by which Africans were first brought to the New World.
• Describe the horrors of the Middle Passage.
• Discuss the economic ramifications of the Triangular Trade system.
• Explain why it was that Africans were brought in to replace the indigenous
workforce.
• List the reasons for the disappearance of the Indians from most of the Caribbean.
• Explain why Cuba and Brazil were the last two countries in the Western
Hemisphere to do away with slavery.
Cuba
• Describe the cultural contributions of the three Cuban Indian tribes: the Tainos,
Siboneyes, and Guanahatabeyes.
• Analyze the impact of the production of sugar and tobacco on the Cuban society
during the 1700s.
• Discuss the causes and consequences of the Ten Year's War.
• Identify the roles of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, Perucho Figueredo, Ignacio
Agramonte and Francisco Vicente Aguilera during the Ten Years War.
• Explain the four main reasons why Cuba was different from all other Spanish
colonies.
• Identify the importance of Jose Marti in the independence movement of Cuba.
• Describe how and why the U.S. became involved in the independence movement in
Cuba and the reasons for the eventual independence of Cuba from the U.S.
• Summarize the corruption in Cuba and the subsequent U.S. interventions in the
period between 1902-1924.
• Describe how Fulgencio Batista controlled Cuban politics from 1934-1959 and the
significance of the Autentico Party.
• Summarize Fidel Castro's rise to power.
• Explain the basic economic beliefs of the Cuban revolution (i.e. Land reforms,
efforts to industrialize, and a return to intensive sugar production).
• Explain the importance of the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution.
• Discuss the significance of and the reasons for the failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion.
• Discuss how the Cuban Missile Crisis was arguably the single most significant event
of the Cold War.
The Independence of the South American Nations
• State the importance of Simon Bolivar to the cause of independence in South
America.
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List and explain the provisions of Simon Bolivar’s Model State Theory.
Explain how the Napoleonic occupation of Spain affected the colonies in the New
World.
Explain why the idea of having a Gran Colombia never came to fruition.
The Independence of Mexico
• Describe the reason for the people of Mexico having wanted to achieve
independence from Spain.
• List the significant events of the War of Independence in Mexico.
• Discuss the political dilemma that the Church faced during the period.
• Explain why Benito Juarez is revered as a national hero because of his role in the
war.
• Explain how the spirituality of the Mexican people and their devotion to the Lady
of Guadalupe strengthened their will to fight the Spanish.
Colonial Brazil
• Compare and contrast the Spanish and Portuguese American colonies.
• Compare and contrast the Spanish and Portuguese monarchies.
• Discuss the earliest forms of colonial settlement in Brazil.
• Explain how the Treaty of Tordesillas defined Brazil’s patterns of colonization.
• List the raw materials that the Portuguese were most concerned with.
• Contrast the indigenous inhabitants of the Portuguese American colonies to those
of the Spanish American colonies.
Argentina & Chile
• Discuss the political turmoil that existed in Argentina immediately following its
independence.
• Explain how party politics immediately became important in Argentina following
its independence.
• Describe how intellectuals played such an active role in party politics.
• Discuss why Argentina was unique among the newly independent American
nations.
• Discuss the role that the military played in the governmental history of Argentina.
• List the significant coup attempts that occurred in Argentina.
• Describe the role of unionized labor in the political process.
• Discuss the administration of Juan Peron and the controversy surrounding his
charismatic wife, Eva Peron.
• Identify Ambrosio O’Higgins
• Discuss the legacy of Augusto Pinochet in Chile
The Nations of Central America
• Contrast the political history of Costa Rica to that of Nicaragua, Guatemala, El
Salvador, Honduras and Panama.
• Discuss the tumultuous political history of Guatemala and its thirty year long civil
war.
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Explain the significance of Guatemala’s Ten Years of Spring and how the United
States played a role in bringing the era to an end.
Discuss how the Somoza family dominated Nicaraguan politics for the majority
of the twentieth century.
Explain the Cold War rivalry that developed between the United States and the
Sandinistas in Nicaragua.
Explain the significance of Oscar Arias, the former Costa Rican president, in
having brought stability to the region.
Mexico
• Define the term "caudillo" as used in Latin American history.
• Explain the liberal vs. conservative struggle in Mexico after its independence.
• Describe the dictatorship of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna in Mexico and explain the
causes and results of the Mexican War with the U.S.
• Identify the reforms of Benito Juarez.
• Evaluate the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz in Mexico.
• Discuss the causes and effects of the Mexican Civil War.
• Explain how the P.R.I. (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) elected their
presidential candidates and how it controlled Mexico for almost 100 years.
• Discuss president Carlos Salinas de Gortari's administration, specifically his
economic policies.
• Identify Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana, Benito Juarez, Porfirio Diaz, Emiliano Zapata,
Pancho Villa, Venustiano Carranza, Alvaro Obregon, Lazaro Cardenas, Jose Lopez
Portillo, Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Cuauhtemoc Cardenas, Ernesto Zedillo
Hispanics in Miami
• Describe the history of the development of Miami-Dade County prior to the first
major wave of Cuban immigration in 1959.
• Discuss the reasons for the success of the Cuban community in the city of Miami.
• Explain the role that the Miami Herald, the construction of I-95 and the Mariel
Boat Lift of 1980 all had on the cultural make-up of Miami-Dade County.
• Explain the reasons for and factors that will eventually lead to MexicanAmericans being the largest Hispanic group in Miami-Dade County.
• Discuss the origins of the tensions that exist between the many cultural groups in
Miami.
Drugs and Narcotrafficking
• Explain the origins of the “War on Drugs”.
• Explain why the unstable political situation in Colombia has contributed to the
drug problem in the United States.
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INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY (7720)
METHODS, APPROACHES, AND HISTORY
• Define psychology
• Outline the growth of psychology through history
• Differentiate the seven perspectives within psychology today: psychoanalytic,
cognitive, neurobiological, behaviorism and humanism
• List the four goals of psychology: describe, explain, predict and control
• Recognize the naturalistic observation method of research and identify its
weaknesses and strengths
• Explain the procedures involved in the experimental method
• Illustrate the correlational method
• Explain why psychologists have a code of ethics for research
• Differentiate between basic and applied research
• Explain why psychologists use animals in research
BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOR
• Label the parts of a neuron
• Explain the process of the neural impulse
• Describe how neurotransmitters function at the synapse
• Label and identify the major structures and functions of the brain
• Relate the influence of hemispheric specialization on behavior
• List the functions of the spinal cord
• Identify the functions of the somatic nervous system
• Describe the functions of the autonomic nervous system
• Recognize the major endocrine glands and their hormones
• Recall the basic principles of genetics as they apply to behavior
• Identify the methods used to study behavior genetics in animals and humans
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
• Define sensation and perception
• Assess the various sensory thresholds
• Label the structures of the eye
• Describe the process of sensory adaptation
• Compare and contrast the two major theories of color vision
• Label the structures of the ear
• Compare and contrast the two theories of hearing
• Explain the sense of smell
• Explain the sense of taste
• Identify the vestibular senses
• Describe the skin senses
• Restate what is known about pain
• Define the perceptual constancies
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Assess the influence of observer characteristics in perception
Describe the perception of distance and depth
Outline the area of perception of movement
STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• Define consciousness, including waking consciousness and altered states
• Define the non-conscious processes
• Discuss the research findings on daydreaming and its relationship with personality
types
• Describe REM and NREM sleep
• Appraise the research findings and theories on dreaming
• Identify the major sleep disorders
• Appraise the research findings on sensory deprivation
• Describe meditation
• Outline the research findings on sensory deprivation
• Outline the effects of barbiturates and the opiates
• Outline the effects of the stimulant drugs, including amphetamines, and cocaine
• Outline the effects of the hallucinogens
• Discuss the research findings on the effects of marijuana
LEARNING
• Define learning
• Identify the stimuli and responses in Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment
• State the factors necessary for classical conditioning to take place
• Explain the classical conditioning concepts of extinction, spontaneous recovery,
generalization, discrimination, and higher-order conditioning
• Describe response acquisition in operant conditioning
• Differentiate between positive and negative reinforcement, and between primary
and secondary reinforcers
• Identify the four partial reinforcement schedules: fixed interval, variable interval,
fixed ratio and variable ratio
• Assess the concept of aversive control
• Outline the operant conditioning concepts of generalization, discrimination,
extinction, and spontaneous recovery
• Compare and contrast classical conditioning and operant conditioning
• Evaluate the research on latent learning
• Evaluate the research on insight
• Describe the contingency theory
• Outline the research on social learning theory
MEMORY AND COGNITION
• Diagram the information processing model of memory
• List and apply various problem solving techniques
• Define the various types of long-term memories
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Discuss the influence of time and interference on memory
State various types of mnemonics
Appraise the influence of drugs on memory and thought processes
MOTIVATION AND EMOTION
• Define the concepts of motivation and emotion
• Diagram and explain the major theories on motivation
• Describe how the primary motive of hunger operates
• Identify the variables involved in thirst
• Compare and contrast the biological and psychological influences on sexual
motivation in animals and humans
• Define the stimulus motives of activity, exploration, curiosity, manipulation and
contact
• Describe the research findings on aggression
• Outline the learned motives of achievement, power and affiliation
• Explain Maslow's hierarchy of motives
• Analyze Plutchik's classification of emotions
• Review the major theories of emotion
• Outline the research findings in verbal and nonverbal communication
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
• Compare and contrast the methods used in developmental psychological research
• Outline prenatal development
• Describe the reflexes, capabilities, and behaviors of the newborn
• Outline physical and motor development in infancy and childhood
• Describe perceptual development in infancy
• Outline memory development in infancy and childhood
• Restate and assess Piaget's theory of cognitive development
• Outline attachment and social development during infancy
• Explain social development in children
• Define sex typing and the development of sex roles in children
• Outline the development of social cognition in childhood
• Consider the physical changes that occur in adolescence and their influence on
behavior
• Outline social, personality, interpersonal, and cognitive development in
adolescence
• Assess the major sources of stress in adolescence
• Outline the social, interpersonal, personality, and cognitive development in early
adulthood
• Identify the sources of stress in adulthood
• Outline the physical changes that occur in late adulthood
• Describe how older individuals cope with the prospect of death
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PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUALITY
• Define personality
• Distinguish the major concepts in Freud's psychodynamic theory of personality
• Identify the major concepts in Jung's theory of personality
• Identify the major concepts in Adler's personality theory
• Identify the major concepts in Horney's personality theory
• List and define the eight stages in Erikson's personality theory
• Identify the focus of James' personality theory
• Outline the humanistic personality theory of Rogers
• Outline the concepts in the trait theories of Allport and Catell
• Outline the behavior therapy of B.F. Skinner
• Identify the concepts in the social learning personality theories
• Discuss the personality assessment techniques of personal interviews, and
observation
• Recognize the major objective and projective personality tests used in personality
assessment
STRESS AND ADJUSTMENT
• Define adjustment and stress
• Identify what we have to adjust to
• Outline the concepts of pressure and frustration
• List the major types of conflicts
• Define anxiety
• Discuss the major techniques of direct coping
• Describe the major mechanisms used in defensive coping
• Evaluate Seyle's General Adaptation Syndrome
• Identify major sources of extreme stress
• Describe the characteristics of a well-adjusted person
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
• State the four criteria of abnormal behavior
• Outline the historical views of abnormal behavior
• Identify the current views of abnormal behavior
• State the purpose of the DSM-IV
• Organize abnormal behavior into DSM-IV categories
• Identify the characteristics of the major anxiety disorders and outline the theories
that attempt to explain them
• Identify the somatoform disorders
• Define psycho physiological disorders and their relationship to stress
• State the dissociate disorders and their etiology
• Describe the affective disorders and outline theories of depression
• List the sexual dysfunctions and identity factors that may influence dysfunctions
• Identify the paraphilias
• Distinguish the major personality disorders
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Describe the schizophrenic disorders and outline the theories of schizophrenia
TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
• Identify the procedures used in psychoanalysis
• Outline the approach in client-centered therapy
• State the goals of rational-emotive therapy
• Distinguish the approaches used in cognitive behavior therapy
• Discuss the research on the effectiveness of psychotherapies
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
• Define social psychology
• Describe how we form impressions of other people
• Outline the theory of attribution and identify possible sources of error
• List the important factors that influence attractiveness
• Evaluate the research findings in the area of conformity
• Discuss the ethical impact of the procedures and results of Milgram's study of
obedience
• Identify the influences on helping behavior
• State the factors which contribute to a group's effectiveness
• Describe how the environment can cause stress
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ADVANCED PLACEMENT PSYCHOLOGY (7755)
METHODS, APPROACHES, AND HISTORY
• Be able to name and define the five perspectives in psychology. Know what
characterizes each and how each approach differs from the other
• Define psychology
• Be familiar with the historical roots of psychology and science
• Understand some possible relations between psychological and biological
perspectives, and the related concept of reductionism
• Be familiar with 4 interdisciplinary approaches within psychology
• List the four goals of psychology: describe, explain, predict and control
• Recognize the naturalistic observation method of research and identify its
weaknesses and strengths
• Explain the procedures involved in the experimental method
• Know when correlation is an alternative to experimentation and understand its
advantages and limitations
• Explain why psychologists have a code of ethics for research
• Differentiate between basic and applied research
• Explain why psychologists use animals in research
BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOR
• Label the parts of a neuron
• Explain the process of the neural impulse
• Describe how neurotransmitters function at the synapse
• Label and identify the major structures and functions of the brain
• Relate the influence of hemispheric specialization on behavior
• Be able to explain the functioning of a spinal reflex
• Identify the functions of the somatic nervous system
• Describe the functions of the autonomic nervous system
• Recognize the major endocrine glands and their hormones
• Recall the basic principles of genetics as they apply to behavior
• Understand what is meant by dominant, recessive and sex-linked genes. Be familiar
with the several chromosomal abnormality syndromes discussed in the text
• Recall the multiple contributions to human traits, including polygenic transmission
and environmental interactions. Be familiar with the use of selective breeding and
twin studies
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
• Define sensation and perception
• Assess the procedures for measuring absolute threshold, and difference threshold.
Know what is meant by the terms psychometric function, just-noticeable difference,
Weber's law and Fechner's law
• Label the structures of the eye
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Describe the process of sensory adaptation
Compare and contrast the two major theories of color vision
Label the structures of the ear
Compare and contrast the two theories of hearing
Understand the evolutionary significance of smell and its function as a primitive
means of communication
Explain the sense of smell
Explain the sense of taste
Identify the vestibular senses
Be able to describe the pressure and temperature senses in terms of the class of
stimuli to which each responds and the receptors involved
Understand the pain system in terms of stimuli and two kinds of pain. Be familiar
with the gate central theory of pain and how it accounts for several of the
phenomena of pain
Be familiar with the two major functions of the perceptual system and the division of
labor in the visual context that underlie these functions
Define the perceptual constancies and Gestalt principles of grouping
Assess the influence of observer characteristics in perception
Understand the differences between Helmholtz' notion of unconscious inference and
Gibson's direct perception as explanations of distance perception
Understand the phenomena of stroboscopic motion, phi-phenomena, and induced
motion
Be able to discuss the role of feature detectors
Be able to describe the process of selective attention
STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• Define consciousness, including waking consciousness and altered states
• Define the nonconscious processes
• Be familiar with the phenomenon of dissociation as illustrated by dissociative
identity disorder
• Discuss the research findings on daydreaming and its relationship with personality
types
• Describe REM and NREM sleep
• Appraise the research findings and theories on dreaming
• Identify the major sleep disorders
• Appraise the research findings on sensory deprivation
• Describe meditation
• Outline the research findings on sensory deprivation
• Be able to categorize drug dependence, tolerance and drug abuse
• Describe the effects of alcohol on people
• Outline the effects of barbiturates and the opiates
• Outline the effects of the stimulant drugs, including amphetamines and cocaine
• Outline the effects of the hallucinogens
• Discuss the research findings on the effects of marijuana
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LEARNING
• Define learning and associative learning
• Identify the stimuli and responses in Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment
• Be familiar with the role of temporal contiguity and predictability in establishing a
conditional response
• State the factors necessary for classical conditioning to take place
• Understand some of the neural bases for classical conditioning in terms of the
structural changes that appear to be involved and the mechanisms for habituation
• Describe response acquisition in operant conditioning
• Differentiate between positive and negative reinforcement, and between primary and
secondary reinforcers
• Identify the four partial reinforcement schedules: fixed interval, variable interval,
fixed ratio and variable ratio
• Assess the concept of aversive control
• Know how behavior can be stopped
• Outline the operant conditioning concepts of generalization, discrimination,
extinction, and spontaneous recovery
• Compare and contrast classical conditioning and operant conditioning
• Evaluate the research on latent learning
• Evaluate the research on insight
• Describe the contingency theory
• Outline the research on social learning theory
MEMORY COGNITION AND LANGUAGE
• Diagram the information processing model of memory
• Distinguish the role of the hippocampus and frontal cortex in memory processes
• List and apply various problem solving techniques
• Define the various types of long-term memories
• Discuss the influence of time and interference on memory
• Know what is meant by constructive memory. Be able to show how inferences,
stereotypes and schemata each contribute to constructive memory processes
• State various types of mnemonics
• Appraise the influence of drugs on memory and thought processes
• Define three modes of thought
• Be able to distinguish between deductive and inductive reasoning
• Describe the three levels of language in both production and comprehension,
including the units involved in each
• Be familiar with children's development of language at all three levels
• Explain what is mean by visual thinking
• Describe three problem-solving strategies
MOTIVATION AND EMOTION
• Define the concepts of motivation and emotion
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Differentiate between a drive and a need
Diagram and explain the major theories on motivation
Describe how the primary motive of hunger operates
Describe the eating disorders
Identify the variables involved in thirst
Compare and contrast the biological and psychological influences on sexual
motivation in animals and humans
Define the stimulus motives of activity, exploration, curiosity, manipulation and
contact
Describe the research findings on aggression
Outline the learned motives of achievement, power and affiliation
Explain Maslow's hierarchy of motives
Understand the role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the
autonomic nervous system in emotional arousal
Analyze Plutchik's classification of emotions
Review the major theories of emotion
Outline the research findings in verbal and nonverbal communication
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
• Compare and contrast the methods used in developmental psychological research
• Understand how heredity and environment interact to determine human
development
• Be familiar with what psychologists mean by developmental stages and the related
concept of critical periods
• Outline prenatal development
• Describe the reflexes, capabilities, and behaviors of the newborn
• Outline physical and motor development in infancy and childhood
• Describe perceptual development in infancy
• Outline memory development in infancy and childhood
• Restate and assess Piaget's theory of cognitive development
• Outline attachment and social development during infancy
• Explain social development in children
• Define sex typing and the development of sex roles in children
• Outline the development of social cognition in childhood
• Consider the physical changes that occur in adolescence and their influence on
behavior
• Outline social, personality, interpersonal, and cognitive development in adolescence
• Describe Erikson's psychosocial stages and how they relate to the problems faced by
people at different terms in their lives
• Assess the major sources of stress in adolescence
• Outline the social, interpersonal, personality, and cognitive development in early
adulthood
• Identify the sources of stress in adulthood
• Outline the physical changes that occur in late adulthood
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Describe how older individuals cope with the prospect of death
PERSONALITY
• Define personality
• Distinguish the major concepts in Freud's psychodynamic theory of personality
• Identify the major concepts in Jung's theory of personality
• Identify the major concepts in Adler's personality theory
• Identify the major concepts in Horney's personality theory
• List and define the eight stages in Erikson's personality theory
• Identify the focus of James' personality theory
• Outline the humanistic personality theory of Rogers
• Outline the concepts in the trait theories of Allport and Catell
• Outline the behavior therapy of B.F. Skinner
• Identify the concepts in the social learning personality theories
• Define adjustment and stress
• Identify what we have to adjust to
• Outline the concepts of pressure and frustration
• List the major types of conflicts
• Define anxiety
• Discuss the major techniques of direct coping
• Describe the major mechanisms used in defensive coping
• Evaluate Seyle's General Adaptation Syndrome
• Identify major sources of extreme stress
• Describe the characteristics of a well-adjusted person
STRESS AND ADJUSTMENT
• Discuss the personality assessment techniques of personal interviews, and
observation
• Recognize the major objective and projective personality tests used in personality
assessment
• Define standardization and norms
• Differentiate between reliability and validity
• List the types of psychological tests
• Understand the ethics and standards in psychological testing
• Relate the concept of testing to the nature versus nurture controversy
• List common objections to psychological testing especially as they relate to cultural
factors
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
• State the four criteria of abnormal behavior
• Outline the historical views of abnormal behavior
• Identify the current views of abnormal behavior
• State the purpose of the DSM-IV
• Organize abnormal behavior into DSM-IV categories
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Identify the characteristics of the major anxiety disorders and outline the theories
that attempt to explain them
Identify the somatoform disorders
Define psychophysiological disorders and their relationship to stress
State the dissociative disorders and their etiology
Describe the affective disorders and outline theories of depression
List the sexual dysfunctions and identity factors that may influence dysfunctions
Identify the paraphilias
Distinguish the major personality disorders
Describe the schizophrenic disorders and outline the theories of schizophrenia
TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
• Identify the procedures used in psychoanalysis
• Outline the approach in client-centered therapy
• State the goals of rational-emotive therapy
• Distinguish the approaches used in cognitive behavior therapy
• Discuss the research on the effectiveness of psychotherapies
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
• Define social psychology
• Describe how we form impressions of other people
• Outline the theory of attribution and identify possible sources of error
• List the important factors that influence attractiveness
• Evaluate the research findings in the area of conformity
• Discuss the ethical impact of the procedures and results of Milgram's study of
obedience
• Identify the influences on helping behavior
• State the factors which contribute to a group's effectiveness
• Describe how the environment can cause stress
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ADVANCED PLACEMENT MACROECONOMICS (7760)
GDP and the Standard of Living
• Define GDP and explain why the value of production, income, and expenditure
are the same for an economy.
• Describe how economic statisticians measure GDP and real GDP in the US.
• Distinguish between nominal GDP and real GDP and define the GDP deflator.
Jobs and Unemployment
• Define the unemployment rate and other labor market indicators
• Describe the trends and fluctuations in the indicators of the labor market
performance in the United States.
• Describe the sources and types of unemployment, define full employment, and
explain the link between unemployment and real GDP.
The CPI and the Cost of Living
• Explain what the Consumer Price Index is and how it is calculated
• Explain the limitations of the CPI as a measure of the cost of living
• Adjust money values for inflation and calculate real wage rates and real interest
rates
Potential GDP and the Natural Unemployment Rate
• Explain the forces that determine potential GDP and the real wage rate and
employment at full employment.
• Explain the forces that determine the natural unemployment rate.
Investment and Saving
• Define and explain the relationships among capital, investment, wealth, and
saving
• Explain how investment and saving decisions are made and how these decisions
interact in financial markets to determine the real interest rate and the amount of
investment and saving.
• Explain how government influences the real interest rate, investment, and saving.
Economic Growth
• Define and calculate the economic growth rate, and explain the implications of
sustained growth.
• Identify the main sources of economic growth
• Review the theories of economic growth that explain why growth rates vary over
time and across countries.
• Describe policies that might speed economic growth.
Money and the Monetary System
• Define money and describe its functions.
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Describe the monetary system and explain the functions of banks and other
monetary institution.
Describe the functions of the Federal Reserve System
Explain how banks create money by making loans.
Explain how the Fed influences the quantity of money
Explain what determines the demand for money and how the demand for money
and the supply of money determine the nominal interest rate.
Explain how in the long run, the quantity of money determines the price level and
money growth brings inflation
Identify the costs of inflation and the benefits of a stable value of money.
AS-AD and the Business Cycle
• Provide a technical definition of recession and describe the history of the U.S.
business cycle and the global business cycle.
• Define and explain the influences on aggregate supply
• Define and explain the influences on aggregate demand
• Explain how fluctuations in aggregate demand and aggregate supply create the
business cycle.
Aggregate Expenditure
• Distinguish between autonomous expenditure and induced expenditure and
explain how real GDP influences expenditure plans.
• Explain how real GDP adjusts to achieve equilibrium expenditure
• Define and explain the expenditure multiplier
• Derive the AD curve from equilibrium expenditure.
Fiscal and Monetary Policy Effects
• Describe the federal budget process and explain the effects of fiscal policy.
• Describe the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy and explain the effects of
monetary policy.
• Discuss whether fiscal or monetary policy is the better stabilization tool.
• Explain the rules-versus-discretion debate and compare Keynesian and monetarist
policy rules
• Assess whether policy should target the inflation rate rather than real GDP.
International Trade and Finance
• Describe the patters and trends in international trade.
• Explain why nations engage in international trade and why trade benefits all
nations
• Explain how trade barriers reduce international trade.
• Explain the arguments used to justify trade barriers and show why these
arguments are incorrect but also why some barriers are hard to remove.
• Describe a country’s balance of payments accounts and explain what determines
the amount of international borrowing and lending.
• Explain how the exchange rate is determined and why it fluctuates.
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