Download Chapter Three - Bakersfield College

Chapter Three
Musculoskeletal System
Combining Forms
Bone
Bone Marrow
Cartilage
Elbow
Fascia
Joints
Ligaments
Muscles
oste/o,
oste/o, oss/i,
oss/i, osse/o
myel/o
chondr/o,
chondr/o, cartilag/o
olecran/o
fasci/o
arthr/o,
arthr/o, articul/o
ligament/o, syndesm/o
my/o, myos/o,
myos/o, muscul/o
Sinus
sin/o, sinus/o
tendin/o,
tendin/o, ten/o, tend/o
Tendons
Prefixes And Suffixes
diadiaendoendo-, endendepiepiinterinterintraintrametametaperiperi-
-blast
-centesis
-clast
-cyte
-desis
-malacia
-physis
-plasty
-poiesis
-scopy
- um
Anatomy and Physiology
Types of Bones
Axial skeleton
Appendicular
skeleton
Functions of
the Musculoskeletal System
Bones, muscles, and joints
Act as a framework for the organ systems
Protect many of the body’
body’s organs
Provide the organism with the ability to move
Storage of minerals
Hematopoiesis (formation of blood)
Anatomy and Physiology
Shapes of Human bones
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones
Anatomy and Physiology
Bone structure
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Anatomy and Physiology
Long bones
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Epiphyseal plate
Compact bone
Cancellous (spongy) bone
Periosteum
Endosteum
Anatomy and Physiology
Bone depressions
Fissure
Foramen (pl. foramina)
Fossa
Sinus
Sulcus
Bone processes
Condyle
Crest
Epicondyle
Head
Spine
Trochanter
Tubercle
Tuberosity
Axial Skeleton
Skull
Facial bones
Zygoma
Lacrimal bones
Maxilla
Mandible
Vomer
Palatine bones
Inferior nasal conchae
Axial Skeleton
Skull
Cranial bones
Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone
Axial Skeleton
Rib cage
Ribs: (cost/o)
True ribs (7 pr)
False ribs (3 pr)
Floating ribs (2 pr)
Sternum: (stern/o)
Xiphoid Process
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Spine: 26 vertebrae
Cervical:
Thoracic:
Lumbar:
Sacral:
Coccygeal
C1C1-C7
T1T1-T12
L1L1-L5
S1S1-S5
Coccyx
Appendicular skeleton
Arm
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Olecranon
Carpal (carpus
(carpus))
Metacarpal (metacarpus)
Phalanx/Phalanges
Digitus
Joints
Articulations
Allow for range of motion and movement
Synovial joints allow for free movement
Bursa – sac of fluid to help cushion the joint
Meniscus – crescent shaped cartilage in the
knee that help cushion the joint
Ligaments – strong bands of fibrous
connective tissue connecting bones
Appendicular skeleton
Upper Body
Scapula
Acromion process
Clavicle
Appendicular skeleton
Lower appendicular
skeleton
Pelvis
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Acetabulum
Lower extremities
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Malleolus
Tarsal (tarsus)
Metatarsal
Phalanx/phalanges
Anatomy and Physiology
Muscles
Types
Skeletal
Smooth
Heart
Tendons
Origin
Insertion
Antagonistic
muscles
Flexor and
extensor
muscles
Synergistic
muscles
Abduction and Adduction
Flexion and extension
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Pathology
Supination
Pronation
Eversion
Inversion
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Polydactyly
Syndactyly
Spina bifida occulta
Talipes
Torticollis
talipes
polydactyly
syndactyly
Pathology
Pathology
Terms related to bone disease
Terms related to joint disease
Osteomalacia
Osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis
Bunion
Carpal tunnel syndrome
(CTS)
Temporomandibular joint
disorder (TMJ)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Osteopenia
Rickets
osteoporosis
Carpal tunnel syndrome
(CTS)
Pathology, continued
Spinal disorders
Back Pain
Osteoarthritis
Dorsalgia – upper back pain
Lumbago – lower back pain
– Degenerative
joint disease (DJD)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Malcurvatures of the spine
Scoliosis – sideways, “S” curve
Lordosis - swayback
Kyphosis - humpback
RA
joints affected by osteoarthritis
Pathology
Pathology
Ankylosing spondylitis
Herniated
intervertebral disk
Sciatica
Spinal stenosis
narrowing
Spondylolisthesis
slipping
Spondylosis
stiffening
spinal stenosis
sciatica
Pathology
Terms related to muscle disorders
Contracture
Fibromyalgia
Myasthenia gravis
Polymyositis
Pathology
Strain - muscle
Sprain - ligament
Dislocation - bone out of joint
Subluxation - bone partially out of joint
Pathology
Trauma
Pathology
Fractures
Impacted
Hairline
Greenstick
Fractures
Pathologic
Comminuted
Compression
Colles
Complicated
Pathology
Terms related to benign neoplasm
Osteoma - bone
Chondroma - cartilage
Leiomyoma - smooth muscle
Rhabdomyoma - skeletal muscle
Imaging
Arthrography
Arthroscopy
Computed
tomography scan
Terms related to malignant
neoplasms
Osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Diagnostic Procedures
arthroscopy
chondrosarcoma
Diagnostic Procedures,
continued
DEXA scan
Electromyography (EMG)
Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI)
Myelogram
X-ray
Diagnostic Procedures,
continued
Laboratory tests
Rheumatoid factor test
Serum calcium
DEXA scan
Therapeutic Interventions
Setting fractures
Malunion and
nonunion
Sequestrum
Débridement
Fixation
Internal
External
Reduction
Open
Closed
Myorrhaphy
Osteoclasis
Osteoplasty
Spondylosyndesis
Tenomyoplasty
Therapeutic Interventions
Arthrocentesis
Arthrodesis
Arthroplasty
Amputation
Prosthesis
prosthesis
prosthesis
Therapeutic Interventions
Bunionectomy
Bunionectomy
Therapeutic Interventions
Total hip replacement (THR)
Total knee replacement (TKR)
Kyphoplasty
Laminectomy
Kyphoplasty
Laminectomy
TKR
TKR
Pharmacology
Analgesics - reduce pain
Antiinflammatories - reduce inflammation and pain
Antirheumatics - manage symptoms of RA
Bisphosphonates - treat osteoporosis, bone cancer
Disease - modifying antirheumatic drugs - slows
progression of RA
Muscle relaxants - relieve pain from muscle
spasms