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PART B of study guide for Natural History Exam 2 – Fall 2015
LOOK FOR ANSWERS IN
- your lecture notes
- evolution assigned reading:
http://anthro.palomar.edu/evolve/default.htm
ALSO:
Evolution 101
for an explanation of sexual selection and other topics you may have questions about
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/evo_toc_01
EVOLUTION
1. Define evolution using the term “gene pool.”
2. What is artificial selection? Give some examples of artificial selection.
3. How is natural selection different from artificial selection?
4. How does natural selection lead to evolution? Explain in detail how it
works and give an example.
5. What is sexual selection? Explain in detail how it works and give an example.
6. What is kin selection? Explain in detail how it works and give an example.
7. What is meant by the statement: individuals do not evolve; populations evolve?
8. Explain the evolution of - peppered moths in England, antibiotic resistance, pesticide resistance
9. What ideas did each of the men below come up with to explain how evolution occurs? – Darwin,
Wallace
10. Darwin did not introduce the idea that evolution occurs - it was that already an accepted idea. So what
idea did Darwin introduce that was so novel at the time?
11. What is the importance of Archaeopteryx?
12. What is a “missing link?” What are some reasons there are “missing links?
13. How do we know that evolution has occurred? Disuses the 4 major lines of evidence.
14. Many people assume that "the fittest" refers to the strongest, biggest, or smartest and most cunning
individuals. From an evolutionary perspective, the fittest individuals are simply
__________________________________________________________________. (online reading)
15. Do populations always evolve?
16. What might influence whether or not a population evolves?
17. Give an example from lecture demonstrating why evolution matters now.
18. What is evolutionary medicine?
19. What is genetic diversity and why is it important?
20. What is the only way totally new forms of a gene are introduced into a population?
21. Are all mutations beneficial? Are all mutations harmful?
22. Are mutations relatively common or rare?
23. Compare the pros and cons of sexual vs. asexual reproduction
EVOLUTION TERMS
Alfred Wallace
Archaeopteryx
artificial selection
asexual reproduction
Charles Darwin
coevolution
DNA
evolution
Galápagos finches
Galápagos Islands
gene pool
genetic diversity
genetic variation
H.M.S. Beagle
kin selection
missing link
microevolution
macroevolution
MRSA (lecture)
natural selection
peppered moth
sexual reproduction
sexual selection
species