Download Chapter 18 World War II Americans at War (1941-1945)

Chapter 18 World War II Americans at War (1941-1945)
Section 1 Mobilization
A.
Mobilizing the Armed Forces
1.
In 1940 Congress authorizes the first peacetime draft, the Selective
Training and Service Act, and boosts defense speeding from $2
billion to $10 billion.
2.
The government creates the War Production Board, to set priorities
and allocate materials, the Office of War Mobilization, to centralize
resources, and the Office of Price Administration (OPA), to control
inflation.
B.
Preparing the Economy for War
1.
The government encourages citizens to buy war bonds, ration food,
and conserve.
2.
People draw their shades for “blackouts” and recycle scrap metal,
paper and other materials.
Section 2
A.
Americans Join the Struggle
1.
After the United States enters the war in December 1941, Allied
ships form convoys to protect merchant ships.
2.
In North Africa, British and American troops defeat the
Germans.
3.
Two years later, the Allies invade Italy and capture Rome
B.
War in the Soviet Union
1.
When Hitler loses the Battle of Britain, he breaks his pact with Stalin
and invades the Soviet Union.
2.
The Red Army makes a stand in Stalingrad, then successfully
launches a counter attack and begins pushing the Germans out of
the Soviet Union.
C.
The Allied Air War
1.
On June 6, 1944 the Allies cross the English Channel and attack the
German Army with a massive shelling of the Normandy coast.
2.
The D-Day invasion is the largest landing by sea in history.
D.
The Invasion of Western Europe
1. General Patton engages the German army in France at the Battle
of the Bulge, the largest battle ever fought.
2.
Meanwhile, the soviets move into Berlin from the east.
3.
The Allies are victorious on both fronts.
4.
Hitler commits suicide, and on May 8, 1945, Germany
Surrenders.
Section 3 - The Holocaust
A.
Persecution in Germany
1.
When Hitler becomes leader of Germany in 1933, he makes antiSemitism the official policy of the nation.
2.
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
In all, some six million Jews, about two thirds of Europe’s Jewish
population, will die.
From Murder to Genocide
From 1933-1937, about 130,000 Jews flee Germany to other
nations, some under Nazi control.
The Nazi’s create Jewish ghettos where hunger, overcrowding, and
lack of sanitation bring disease.
Anti-Jewish polices escalate in 1942 the Nazis develop a plan for “
the final solution to the Jewish question” that leads to the
construction of the death camps in Poland.
In November 1945 the Allies conduct the Nuremberg Trials where
12 of 24 Nazi defendants receive the death penalty for crimes
against humanity.
Section 4 - The War in the Pacific<BR>
A.
The Japanese Advance, 1941-1942
1.
After bombing Pearl Harbor, the Japanese capture the Batten
Peninsula and treat the prisoners brutally in an ordeal known as the
Batten Death March.
B.
Allied Victories Turn the Tide
1.
The Allies successfully engage the Japanese in three keys
Battles.
2.
The Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942 prevents the Japanese from
invading Australia.
3.
In the Battle of Midway in June 1942, Americans sink four
Japanese aircraft carriers.
4.
And in the Battle of Guadalcanal in August 1942, Americans first
gain Japanese-held territory.
C.
Struggle for the Islands
1.
To take back the Philippines, the US Navy conducts the greatest
navel battle in history, the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
2.
There, Japan uses kamikazes but are defeated.
3.
Next are two very bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
4.
Americans suffer 50,000 casualties at Okinawa, but they clear a
path to Japan.
D.
The Manhattan Project
1.
Meanwhile US scientists develop the atomic bomb.
2.
To avoid heavy US casualties, President Truman orders atomic
bombs dropped on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
3.
The devastation is inconceivable. Within days, Japan accepts
American surrender terms. World War II is over.
Section 5 - The Social Impact of the War
A.
African Americans
1.
In 1941 President Roosevelt signs an executive order opening jobs
and training programs to all Americans.
2.
3.
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
African Americans found the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) to
nonviolently combat racism.
Mexican Americans still face housing discrimination, and when the
men return from the war, most women are forced to give up their
jobs.
Japanese Americans
Japanese Americans suffer official discrimination growing into
hysteria after Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.
President Roosevelt signs an executive order that leads to the
internment of Japanese Americans in camps.
Most lose their homes and their businesses.
In 1988 Congress formally apologizes and awards $20,000 to
interned families.