Download What Are Ocean Currents?

Chapter 9 Lesson 3
Part 2 (pg. 311-315)
What Are Ocean Currents?
Name: ______________________
Date: _____________
Marine Ecosystems: Intertidal Zone
o The ________________ ________________ is the part of the shore that is
covered by high tide and exposed at low tide.
o It is a ______________environment.
o Organisms that live in the intertidal zone were designed with
________________ to survive the changing ________________.
o They may close their _____________, cling to ____________, burrow in the
_____________, or hide in seaweed.
o Intertidal zones may also include ________________ ________________.
o A tidal pool is a ________________ pool of water that remains in a low________________ area in the tidal zone.
o Animals that commonly live in tide pools include ________________ and
crabs.
Marine Ecosystems: Estuary
o An ________________ is an area where saltwater and freshwater mix.
o Estuaries usually form where a river _____________ _____________ a sea
or an ocean.
o Estuaries experience high and low ________________ as well as changes in
________________.
o Organisms that live in estuaries include ________________, oysters, worms,
________________, water ________________, and a variety of other
organisms.
Marine Ecosystems: Coastal Wetlands
o A ________________ is an area that has wet or spongy soil and is covered
by water at least part of the year.
o Wetlands are located in zones between dry ________________ and the
ocean.
o Coastal wetlands have characteristics of both ________________ and land
________________.
o Marshes, ________________, and swamps are examples of wetlands.
o ________________ ________________ are found in many shallow, tropical
oceans, around the world.
o Reefs are made from skeletons of tiny animals called ________________.
Chapter 9 Lesson 3
Part 2 (pg. 311-315)
o Coral polyps have soft, tube-shaped bodies ringed by ________________.
o They produce a hard ________________ skeleton that forms a cup-shaped
base in which the polyp lives.
Marine Ecosystems: Living Reefs
o Corals live in large ________________.
o They capture small animals drifting in the water with stinging cells in their
________________.
o ________________ -celled ________________ live inside coral polyps.
o Algae make food by ________________.
o Polyps use the ________________ of photosynthesis that these algae
produce and the food they ________________ with their tentacles to live.
o In turn, algae use ________________ products produced by the coral for
their own ________________.
o Coral reefs are home to an amazing variety of ________________ things.
o Thousands of ________________ ________________, sponges, algae,
seaweeds, and other marine animals, from tiny shrimp to large sharks, live in
reef ecosystems.
o The ________________ ________________ ________________ off the
coast of Australia is the largest structure in the world made by living things.
Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
o Humans can ________________ or ________________ marine ecosystems.
o One way to protect marine ecosystems and honor God’s creation is to
________________ these environments from ________________ or
damage.
o Many people enjoy living near or vacationing at the ________________.
o Because beaches and tide pools attract people for recreation, intertidal zones
may be impacted by ________________ or by beach development.
Deep-Ocean Ecosystems
o Some of the most unusual creatures God created live in the
________________ parts of the ocean.
o The deep ocean is considered an ________________ ________________.
o It is cold, under high ________________, and receives no
________________.
o Some ________________ animals such as brittle stars and soft-bodied
corals live there.
o _________________ animals and giant squid also live there.
Chapter 9 Lesson 3
Part 2 (pg. 311-315)
o Within the deep-ocean ecosystems, scientists have discovered two other
extreme environments called cold ________________ and
________________ ________________.
o Cold seeps are areas near the edges of ________________ where gases
methane and hydrogen sulfide are released into the ocean.
o Animals that live here include ________________, shrimp, clams,
tubeworms, and ________________.
o A __________________ ______________is a hole in Earth’s crust from
which hot water flows.
o The water from hydrothermal vents looks dark because it has so many
________________ dissolved in it.
o Hydrothermal vents are ________________ to some unique species of giant
tubeworms, fish, shrimp, crabs, and clams.
o Animals that live near hydrothermal vents were designed to adapt to the hot
________________ and extreme ________________.
o Unlike food chains in other ecosystems, food chains in these extreme
environments do __________ start with the Sun.
o Animals near the cold seeps or hydrothermal vents rely on
________________ and ________________ released from the seeps or
vents.
Chapter 9 Lesson 3
Part 2 (pg. 311-315)
What Are Ocean Currents?
Name: ______________________
Date: _____________
Marine Ecosystems: Intertidal Zone
o The intertidal zone is the part of the shore that is covered by high tide and exposed at low
tide.
o It is a harsh environment.
o Organisms that live in the intertidal zone were designed with adaptations to survive the
changing conditions.
o They may close their shells, cling to rocks, burrow in the ground, or hide in seaweed.
o Intertidal zones may also include tide pools.
o A tidal pool is a small pool of water that remains in a low-lying area in the tidal zone.
o Animals that commonly live in tide pools include barnacles and crabs.
Marine Ecosystems: Estuary
o An estuary is an area where saltwater and freshwater mix.
o Estuaries usually form where a river flows into a sea or an ocean.
o Estuaries experience high and low tides as well as changes in salinity.
o Organisms that live in estuaries include crabs, oysters, worms, seaweeds, water birds, and
a variety of other organisms.
Marine Ecosystems: Coastal Wetlands
o A wetland is an area that has wet or spongy soil and is covered by water at least part of
the year.
o Wetlands are located in zones between dry land and the ocean.
o Coastal wetlands have characteristics of both marine and land ecosystems.
o Marshes, bogs, and swamps are examples of wetlands.
o Coral reefs are found in many shallow, tropical oceans, around the world.
o Reefs are made from skeletons of tiny animals called polyps.
o Coral polyps have soft, tube-shaped bodies ringed by tentacles.
o They produce a hard limestone skeleton that forms a cup-shaped base in which the polyp
lives.
Marine Ecosystems: Living Reefs
o Corals live in large colonies.
o They capture small animals drifting in the water with stinging cells in their tentacles.
o Single-celled algae live inside coral polyps.
o Algae make food by photosynthesis.
o Polyps use the products of photosynthesis that these algae produce and the food they
capture with their tentacles to live.
o In turn, algae use waste products produced by the coral for their own growth.
o Coral reefs are home to an amazing variety of living things.
Chapter 9 Lesson 3
Part 2 (pg. 311-315)
o Thousands of tropical fish, sponges, algae, seaweeds, and other marine animals, from tiny
shrimp to large sharks, live in reef ecosystems.
o The Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia is the largest structure in the world made
by living things.
Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
o Humans can help or harm marine ecosystems.
o One way to protect marine ecosystems and honor God’s creation is to protect these
environments from pollution or damage.
o Many people enjoy living near or vacationing at the beach.
o Because beaches and tide pools attract people for recreation, intertidal zones may be
impacted by litter or by beach development.
Deep-Ocean Ecosystems
o Some of the most unusual creatures God created live in the deepest parts of the ocean.
o The deep ocean is considered an extreme environment.
o It is cold, under high pressure, and receives no sunlight.
o Some benthic animals such as brittle stars and soft-bodied corals live there.
o Bioluminescent animals and giant squid also live there.
o Within the deep-ocean ecosystems, scientists have discovered two other extreme
environments called cold seeps and hydrothermal vents.
o Cold seeps are areas near the edges of continents where gases methane and hydrogen
sulfide are released into the ocean.
o Animals that live here include crabs, shrimp, clams, tubeworms, and bacteria.
o A hydrothermal vent is a hole in Earth’s crust from
which hot water flows.
o The water from hydrothermal vents looks dark because it has so many
minerals dissolved in it.
o Hydrothermal vents are home to some unique species of giant tubeworms, fish, shrimp,
crabs, and clams.
o Animals that live near hydrothermal vents were designed to adapt to the hot temperatures
and extreme pressure.
o Unlike food chains in other ecosystems, food chains in these extreme environments do
not start with the Sun.
o Animals near the cold seeps or hydrothermal vents rely on gases and minerals released
from the seeps or vents.