Download BIO 2135 - Animal Form and Function Midterm

BIO 2135 - Animal Form and Function
Midterm examination
Worth either 10% or 15% of your final grade
Friday, March 11, 2016
Please read and sign in the space provided to acknowledge these instructions:
a) a) Cellular phones, unauthorized electronic devices or course notes (unless an openbook exam) are not allowed during this exam. Phones and devices must be turned off
and put away in your bag. Do not keep them in your possession, such as in your
pockets. If caught with such a device or document, the following may occur: you will
be asked to leave immediately the exam, academic fraud allegations will be filed which
may result in you obtaining a 0 (zero) for the exam.
b) Place your name and student number in the space provided below. Be sure that your
name is on the top of each page because the exam will be separated to facilitate
marking
c) Circle the lab section for your lab. This information is used to get the exam back
to you.
d) Check to be sure that your exam is complete with a total of 13 pages including this one
e) Answer all questions in the space provided on the exam. Do not transfer answers to the
back of the page
f) The exam is out of 90 pts.
Name:_________________________________________________________________
Signature: _____________________________________________________________
Student No:________________________________
Circle your lab section:
Tue:
A1-BSC312,
A5-BSC330.
Wed:
A2-BSC312,
A6-BSC330
Thu:
A3-BSC312,
A7-BSC330
Fri:
A4 -BSC312, A8-BSC330
..
BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
24 pts Part 1. Briefly explain what each of the following biological terms means. Where
possible include an example in your definition from a group or an organism to which the
term applies.
Epicutucle
{Outer most layer of cuticle}{in insects/Artropods}{Hardens the surface and/or adds
waterproof with waxes}
Nacreous shell layer
{Layer/part of the Mollusc shell}{Inner layer}{Mother of Pearl/makes pearls} {protects
mantle from abrasion/damage from particles}
Pterothorax
{In insects}{where wings are attached to the thorax}{name the thoracic segments;
Mesothorax and metathorax}
Pygidium
{Posterior/last part of a worm/Annelid}{surrounds the anal opening}{Not a true segment}
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BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
Typhlosole
{Earthworm – don’t except any other such as the general term annelid since this is only in
the earthworm}{In the digestive tract}{Fold that increases surface area – must have both
of these together for the point}
Renette cells
{nematodes}{assumed to be excretory and/or osmoregulatory organ} {function is not
really clear}{Forms the laterial line/a part of the lateral line}
Gastric shield
{Part of the mollusc digestive system – must have both}{crystalline style grinds against
it}{Releases enzymes from the crystalline style}
Moulting fluid
{Fluid in space between old and new cuticle}Enzymes to {break down proteins}
{breakdown chitin} {Secreted in an inactive for and activated} any three can appear in the
answer.
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BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
16 pts Part 2 Answer each of the following multiple choice questions by placing an X in
the space to the left of the correct choice. There is only one correct answer for each
2.1 The posterior tagma of a crayfish has appendages and is given this name.
_________A. Telson
_________B. Abdomen
_________C. Pereon
_________D.
Pleon
X
2.2 Which of the following structures are not included in the mouthparts of insects?
_________A.
pedipalps
X
_________B. labrum
_________C. mandibles
_________D. maxillae
_________E. hypopharynx
2.3 In earthworms, the _____________ acts as a pump for ingesting food.
_________A. prostomium
_________B.
pharynx
X
_________C. clitellum
_________D. esophagus
_________E. mouth
2.4 Posterior tagma of a tick.
_________A. Abdomen
_________B. Gnathosoma
_________C.
Idiosoma
X
_________D. Opisthosoma
2.5 Nematodes have only these muscles.
_________A. Oblique
X
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BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
_________B. Longitudinal
_________C. Dorsoventral
_________D. Circular
_________E. Epitheliomuscular
2.6 Crustaceans differ from all other living arthropods in having
_________A. chitin in the exoskeleton.
_________B. one pair of antennae.
_________C. only two pairs of walking legs.
_________D. a carapace.
_________E. biramous appendages.
2.7 An arthropod sensory hair with only one hole at its tip is used for this.
_________A. Mechanoreception (touch)
_________B. Chemoreception (taste)
_________C. Chemoreception (smell)
_________D. Proprioreception (orientation)
2.8 The unfused and paired mouthparts in an insect that has palps.
_________A. Labium
_________B. Hypopharynx
_________C. Maxilla
_________D. Mandibe
_________E. Labrum
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BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
2.9 Salivary secretions often flow down the hollow core of this insect mouthpart.
_________A. Labium
_________B.
Hypopharynx
X
_________C. Maxilla
_________D. Mandibe
_________E. Labrum
2.10 Specialization of regions of the body for specific functions, as seen in the arthropods,
is called
_________A.
tagmatization.
X
_________B. metamerism.
_________C. truncation.
_________D. differentiation.
_________E. cephalization.
2.11 Gas exchange in an insect occurs across the surface of which of the following
_________A. Tracheal tubes
_________B. Book lungs
_________C. Taenidia
_________D. Trachioles
X
_________E. spiracle
2.12 Sperm packets of cephalopods are called
_________A. hectocotyli.
_________B. stylets.
_________C. cocoons.
_________D. spermatophores.
X
_________E. gonophores.
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BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
2.13 The dorsal lobe of a parapodium is called the:
_________A. aciculum.
_________B. neuropodium.
_________C.
notopodium.
X
_________D. cirrus.
_________E. ctenidium.
2.14 The first trunk appendages of centipedes are the ______________, which function as
poison claws.
_________A.
maxillipeds
X
_________B. chelipeds
_________C. pereiopods
_________D. pleopods
_________F. uropods
2.15 This type of muscle is the most common type found in the mantle of a squid.
_________A. Oblique
_________B. Longitudinal
_________C. Dorsoventral
_________D. Circular
X
_________E. Epitheliomuscular
2.16 The individual receptors of the compound eyes of an insect are called
_________A. ommatidia.
X
_________B. ocelli.
_________C. eyespots.
_________D. statocysts.
_________E. photophores.
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BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
10 pts Part 3 (Compulsory): Use a cladogram to show the evolutionary relationships
between the three living Arthropod subphyla. Include in your cladogram
autapomorphies that define the different subphyla and symplesiomorphies they
share with each other.
Awarding points will total twenty. Divide the total by 2 for the mark out of 10
3 points all subphyla name correct
2 points subphyla in correct order on the cladogram
1
2
3
4
5
Muscles in bands, Compound eye, at least one pair of antennae, three
postoral – any three for three points
Mandible – three points
Two tagama prosoma opisthosoma, six pairs of appendages on
prosoma, cehicera 1st appendages, loss of antenna (deuterocerebrum
– any three for three points
Antennal/maxillary saccate metanephridia, Nauplius larva, Biramous
appendages, gnathobasic mandible – any three for three points
Loss of second antennae (appendage on head), Mandibles with no
articulation, Malpighian tubules, Segmented tracheal system - – any
three for three points
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BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
22 pts Part 4: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate terms. Place the
term in the space in the sentence or at the end of the sentence.
4.1 This part of the crustacean stomach is nearest the esophagus and contains the grinding
Cardiac
teeth. ___________________
4.2 This mouthpart forms the floor of the buccal cavity in an
insect. ___________________
Labium
4.3 In nematodes the opening to the female genital system is found in this region of the
body. ___________________
Middle/center
Piercing/haustellate
4.4 Mosquitoes have this type of mouthpart. ___________________
4.5 One way to describe the molluscan body plan is a ___________________
visceral
Ciliated
mass on top of a muscular foot.
4.6 You can tell where the muscles of the clam attach to its shell because you'll see these
on the shell's inner surface. ___________________
Scars
4.7 These teeth on the inner surface of the clam shell insure that the two halves of the shell
close properly. ___________________
hinge
4.8 The total number of metameres in the ancestral members of the class
Insecta. ___________________
Twenty
4.9 After the changes in the size of the visceral mass in gastropods and cephalopods this
happens to their shells. ___________________
Coil/spiral
4.10 Would you find hearts in the circulatory system of a marine
worm? ___________________
No
4.11 These palps surround the oral opening of the clam and cilia on their surface help
propel food into the digestive system.
Labial
4.12 This saddle-shaped band of tissue around segments 32-37 of an earthworm secretes
mucus during copulation and later, a cocoon for the
eggs. ___________________
Clitellum
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BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
4.13 The position of the opening to the esophagus in an insect relative to the
Above
hypopharynx. ___________________
4.14 In molluscs with an open circulatory system and blood pools in this cavity and bathes
the various organs and tissues. ___________________
Haemocoel
4.15 The material that flows through a pneustome of snail. ___________________
Air
4.16 This process in snails involves a 180 degree rotation of the visceral mass relative to
the foot. ___________________
Torsion
4.17 How many teeth are there in the stomach of a crayfish? ___________________
Three
4.18 These muscles raise and lower a polycheate's parapod. ___________________
Oblique
4.19 Because the grinding surface of the crustacean mandible is located on this part of the
mandible, we refer to it as a gnathobasic mandible. ___________________
Base/proximal
4.20 The number of pairs of seminal vesicles in an earthworm. ___________________
Three
4.21 The microvillar extensions of each of the retinular cells of the insect optic unit is
collectively named this structure. ___________________
Rhabdom
4.22 Longitudinal muscles are located on this surface of the body wall of a
Inner
worm. ___________________
Part 5 of the exam starts on the next page
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BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
18 pts Part 5: Answer 3 of the following 6 questions in the space provided. Each is worth
6 points. Do an extra question as a bonus and you could raise your marks by up to 6 points
depending on how well you answer the extra fifth question.
5.1 How did the ancestral foot of a mollusc function and how has that been modified in a
squid OR a clam?
Ancestral: {ciliated allowed gliding motion on surface} {Muscles allowed for creeping
motion}
Squid: {Head and foot have fused}{Foot no longer primary role in movement}{Foot
becomes tentacles and arms}{Funnel modified part of the food for directing water
movement}
OR
Clam: {Foot is laterally compressed}{Forms wedge shaped hatchet structure}{used to
push against substrate when moving across surface}{digs into the substrate – that’s all no
points for how it digs that’s a different question}
5.2 Because of the way they feed, both crayfish and clams ingest non-nutritive materials.
What are the similarities and differences in how each animal deals with the non-nutritive
material mixed with food?
Similarities: {Both sort the food separating most digestible from less/indigestible nonnutritive}{Send digestible food into a digestive gland}{Non-nutritive Less digestible food
passes to intestine and not the digestive gland}{Enzymes in intestine will digest any
nutrients}
Differences {cilia sort the food in a clam} {Setal hairs sort the food in a crayfish}
5.3 How does a clam dig into the sediments?
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BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
{Using its foot}{and its shell}{Foot extends into the sediments}{swells at tip to
anchor}{foot retractor muscles pull animal down into the sediments}{shell opens and
closes to dig down and into the sediments}{shell opens to anchor as the foot digs deeper}.
Most students won’t include the role of the shell or won’t explain it properly so they only
need six of the {} to get the full marks for the question.
5.4 How do horse flies obtain a blood meal and how are their mouthparts modified for this
type of feeding?
{Mandibles and Maxilla form blades}{Blades move like scissors to cut through
skin}{Blood pools as a result of the wound}{hypopharynx extends and adds saliva with
anticoagulant to the pool of blood} {Labium modified as sponge in the pool of
blood}{Blood pulled up from sponging surface up and into digestive tract}
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BIO 2135 - Midterm Examination
Name: ................................................................... Student Number: .....................................
5.5 Compare locomotion in a marine worm and a terrestrial worm. How are the differences
related to how their muscles are organized ?
earthworm – {Circular and longitudinal contract} to {Change the width or length of the
segment} {Waves of contractions move down the body}can move straight ahead
Marine worm {only longitudinal (minimal Circular)}, that contract {on one side or the
other causing S shaped movement} {oblique muscles/parapodia help in movement} one
point each
5.6 How is the body cavity and digestive tract modified in a leech to suit the way it feeds?
{Feeds occasionally/intermittent/food is not always available}{because of the way it feeds
it needs to have a store of food}{uses a a crop to store food}{Body cavity is
reduced/shrinkwrapped around the internal organs}{sinuses are formed/space gained from
the loss of the body cavity/ idea that that there is room that can be used for something
else} {the space that was gained is used for the enlarged crop}
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