Download FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2014 – BIOLOGY – MICHALEC

FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2014 – BIOLOGY – MICHALEC
Directions: You will need to answer these questions on a google doc and share it with
me at [email protected]. This is due no later than May 30th.
Chapter 16 - Evolutionary Theory
1. What is Lamarck’s theory of evolution? Explain it using a giraffe as an example.
2. Explain Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
3. How would Darwin explain why giraffes currently have long necks?
4.What is an adaptation? Give an example.
5. The following is a list of evidences that support the theory of evolution. Briefly explain how each
topic/concept/idea is evidence of evolution. Give a specific example for each.

The fossil record

Biogeography

Developmental biology

Anatomy (Homologous Structures, Vestigial Structures)

Biochemistry
6. What is speciation?
7. Explain what each of the following processes are:

Natural selection

Migration

Mate choice

Mutation

Genetic drift
8. Describe the following patterns of Macroevolution. Give a specific example for each.

Convergent evolution

Coevolution

Adaptive radiation

Extinction

Gradualism

Punctuated equilibrium
Chapter 17 Evolution of Populations
9. What is a gene pool?
10. What is stabilizing selection? Draw a picture of what the graph would look like.
11. What is directional selection? Draw a picture of what the graph would look like.
12. What is disruptive selection? Draw a picture of what the graph would look like.
13. What is genetic drift?
14. What is temporal isolation?
15. What is geographical isolation?
16. What is behavioral isolation?
Ecology (Chapters 4,5 and 6)
17. What is random sampling? Why do ecologists use random sampling?
18. What is ecological succession?
19. How is primary different from secondary succession? Give one example of each type of
succession.
20. Name 2 primary consumers from the food web.
21. Explain how it is possible for the wolf to be a secondary and a tertiary consumer. Use specific
food chains to support your answer.
22. In the Figure, compare the amount of energy available to the wolf if it eats a rabbit with the
amount of energy available to the wolf if it eats a shrew. Explain why there is a difference in the
energy available to the wolf between a rabbit and a shrew.
23.Explain the 10% rule in ecology.
24. Water Cycle: How is water returned to the Earth from the atmosphere?
25. How does water travel from the Earth back into the atmosphere (2 ways)?
26. Explain what is happening to the water at each step in the cycle below.
A
C
B
D
F
E
H
G
27. Explain 2 ways carbon is returned to the atmosphere.
28.How is carbon removed from the atmosphere?
29.Explain what is happening at each step of the carbon cycle below.
A
B
E
C
D
30. What organisms are responsible for removing nitrogen gas from the atmosphere and turning it
into a solid in the soil?
31. What is nitrogen fixation?
32.What is denitrification?
33. How does nitrogen in plants travel to an animal?
Use the diagram below to answer the questions:
34. Organisms in 5 are removing nitrogen from the atmosphere and taking it to the soil. What
organisms do this? What is the name of this process?
35. How does nitrogen at 2 get to the plants?
36.What is happening at 7?
37. How does nitrogen from animals travel to the soil?
38. How is this cycle different from the others?
39. How does phosphorous travel from rocks to the soil?
40. How does phosphorous travel from soil to the animals?
41.How does phosphorous travel from animals back to the soil?
How are decomposers and detritovores important in the carbon, phosphorous and nitrogen cycle?
42.What are biotic factors? Abiotic factors?
43.What is a niche?
44. Define the following community interactions and give an example of each
Competition
Predation
45.Define the following symbiotic relationships and give an example of each
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
46. What is population density?
47. What is exponential growth? What shape is the curve?
48.What is logistic growth? What shape is the curve?
49.What is carrying capacity? What does it look like on a graph?
50. What is a limiting factor?
51. What is a density dependent limiting factor? Give 1 example
52. What is a density independent limiting factor? Give 1 example
53. Explain the key differences between these two types of limiting factors