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Division of Curriculum and Instruction Approved Field Trip Destinations Kindergarten to 12th Grade Table of Contents Field Trip Destination Appropriate Grade Level Field Trip Destination Appropriate Grade Level A Little Touch of Country (Beebe) Farm K-2 Blakeley State Park 6-7 9-12 African American Heritage Trail / Bus Tour 4 Bragg-Mitchell Mansion 3-5 4 Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception 4-5 Alabama Governor’s Mansion 6-8 4 9-12 Celebrate the Arts K-5 6-8 9-12 Alabama Shakespeare Festival 4–5 6-8 9-12 Christ Cathedral Episcopal Church 4-5 Alabama State Capital 4 Civil Rights Museum 4 6 11 Alabama State Docks 4– 5 Cox-Deasy Historic Home 3-5 All Saints Episcopal Church 4–5 Dauphin Island Sea Lab K-5 7 9-12 American Village 5 DeSoto Caverns 4-5 6 9-12 Archaeology Museum at the University of South Alabama K-5 6-8 9-12 Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 4 11 B & B Pet Shop K–2 Downtown Mobile Walking Tour 3-5 Beebe Farm K–2 Environmental Studies Center Beehive (The) 4-5 Exploreum Science Museum Bellingrath Gardens and Home K-5 6-7 9-12 FBI Building Alabama Archives Building K-5 6-8 9-12 K-5 6-8 9-12 7 11, 12 Federal Courthouse 4-5 7 10, 11, 12 Mobile Area Water and Sewer System 6-7 9-12 Five Rivers – Alabama Delta Resource Center 4-5 6-7 9-12 Mobile Arts Council 2-5 6-8 9-12 Fort Conde 3-5 6 10 Mobile Ballet (Discover Dance) 3-5 6-8 9-12 Fort Conde /Charlotte House 3-5 Mobile Botanical Gardens Fort Gaines 4-5 6 10 Mobile Carnival Museum 6-7 9-12 Fort Morgan 4-5 6 10 Mobile Children’s Concerts 2-5 Fort Toulouse / Fort Jackson State Historical Site 4 Mobile County 911 4-5 Fox 10 TV K-5 Mobile County Fire Dept. K-2 Friends of Magnolia Cemetery 4-5 Mobile Government Plaza 3-5 7 10, 11, 12 Government Street Presbyterian Church 4-5 Mobile International Festival 3-5 6-8 9-12 Government Street United Methodist Church 4-5 Mobile Museum of Art 2-5 6-8 9-12 Greek Orthodox Church 4-5 Mobile Opera, Inc. 4-5 6-8 9-12 Hank Aaron Stadium K-5 Linda’s Learning Farm and Play Park K-5 Mobile Public Library Main Office K-5 Louisiana Audubon Nature Institute 3-5 Mobile Regional Airport K-2 Louisiana Children’s Museum 3-5 Montgomery Zoo 4 Lynn Meadow’s Discovery Center K-3 Musee Conti’s Louisiana Legends (Wax Museum) 3-5 Museum of Archaeology (The) University of South Alabama K-5 6-8 9-12 Malbis Memorial Church 4-5 (Mobile Civic Center Ticket Info) Museum of Mobile 3-5 6-8 9-12 Space 301 K-5 6-8 9-12 National Museum of Naval Aviation and IMAX 3-5 Stickney Filtration System 3-5 National Weather Service 3-5 6 9-12 Strickland Youth Center 4-5 New Orleans Audubon Zoo 3-5 U.S. Space and Rocket Center 5 6-8 9-12 Oakleigh Museum 3-5 U.S.S. Alabama Park 3-5 Old Alabama Town 3-5 United Methodist Church (Government Street) 3-5 Partridge Plantation K-2 University of South Alabama Dept. of Dramatic Arts 2-5 Phoenix Fire Museum 3-5 University of South Alabama Science Labs Playhouse in the Park K-5 6-8 9-12 University of South Alabama The Archaeology Museum K-5 6-8 9-12 Pratt Turner Conservation Center 3-5 Week’s Bay Estuary 4-5 7 9-12 Richard’s DAR House Museum 3-5 WKRG – TV 5 K-5 WPMI – TV 15 Saenger Theater 4th 6, 7 11 K-5 W. Gayle Planetarium 4 Scoutshire Woods / Girl Scouts 3-5 World War II Museum (National) 6-12 Semmes Heritage Park 3, 4, 5 Zooland Animal Park K-2 Rosa Parks Museum 6-8 9-12 K-5 Elementary Education Approved Field Trip Destinations Back to Table of Contents African American Heritage Trail / Bus Tour VARIES Alabama Archives Building NONE Alabama Governor’s Mansion VARIES Alabama Shakespeare Festival Alabama State Capital Historic Mobile Development Commission Heritage Tour Webpage PO Box 1827 Mobile AL 36633 -1827 251/208-7281 Archives 624 Washington Ave. Montgomery AL 36130 251/242-4364 Heather Hanna Mansion 1142 S Perry St Montgomery AL 36104 334/834-3022 $15 Andy Collins Alabama Shakespeare Festival One Festival Drive Montgomery AL 36117 334/271-5345 NONE Christy Carl Email for field trip information 600 Dexter Ave. AL 36104 334/242-3935 251/441-7203 Alabama State Docks NONE All Saints Episcopal Church NONE Sherrie Reid Montgomery State Docks P O Box 1588 Mobile AL 36633 -1588 All Saints Episcopal 151 S. Ann St. Mobile AL 36604 251/438-2492 American Village 3727 Highway 119 Montevallo AL 35115 205/665-3535 B&B Pet Shop 5035 Cottage Hill Rd. Mobile AL 36609 251/661-3474 The Beehive 901 Government St Mobile AL 3664 Rev. Jim Flowers American Village $9 Jessica Elliott B&B Pet Shop NONE The Beehive (Government Street United Methodist Church) NONE Back to Table of Contents Jessica Kinney 251/438-4714 Back to Table of Contents Bellingrath Gardens and Home VARIES Shanna Bennett Bellingrath 12401 Bellingrath Gardens Rd. Theodore AL 36582 251/973-2217 Blakeley State Park VARIES Joyce Walker Blakeley Park 34745 State Hwy 225 Bay Minette AL 36527 251/626-0798 Lynne Stewart Bragg-Mitchell 1906 Springhill Ave Mobile AL 36607 251/471-6364 Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception 400 Government St. Mobile AL 36602 251/471-6364 1 Magnum Pass Mobile AL 36617 251/221-4143 Christ Cathedral Episcopal Church 115 S. Conception St. Mobile AL 36602 251/438-1822 Civil Rights Museum 400 Washington Ave. Montgomery AL 36104 334/956-8200 115 Palmetto St. Mobile AL 36604 433-3265 101 Bienville Blvd. Dauphin Island AL 36528 VARIES Bragg-Mitchell Mansion Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception NONE Tour Guide Celebrate the Arts VARIES Nancy Thompson NONE Elizabeth Harrison Email Ms. Thompson Christ Cathedral Episcopal Church Carolyn Jeffers Civil Rights Museum NONE Cox-Deasy House VARIES Cindi Newell Cox-Deasy House (On Oakley Museum grounds) Dauphin Island Sea Lab NONE Denise Heaton Dauphin Island Sea Lab 251/861-2141 x 7511 Back to Table of Contents DeSota Caverns 5181 DeSoto Caverns Pkwy. Childersburg, AL AL 35044 205/378-7252 Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 454 Dexter Avenue Montgomery AL 36104 334/263-3970 Email Junior League 57 N. Sage Avenue Mobile AL 36607 251/471-3348 Environmental Center Programs 6101 Girby Road Mobile AL 36693 251/221-5000 Monica Dunklin Exploreum 65 Government St. Mobile AL 36602 251/208-6880 NONE Public Relations FBI Webpage 200 N. Royal St. Mobile AL 36602 251/438-3674 NONE Robin Lambeth 109 St. Joseph St. Mobile AL 36602 251/690-2873 30945 Five Rivers Blvd. Spanish Fort AL 36527 251/625-0814 Fort Conde 150 S Royal St. Mobile AL 36602 251/208-7569 Conde-Charlotte House 104 Theatre St. Mobile AL 36602 251-432-4722 Email Fort Gaines 51 Bienville Blvd. Dauphin Island AL 36528 251/891-6992 DeSoto Caverns VARIES Dexter Avenue Baptist Church VARIES Downtown Discovery Walking Tour NONE Environmental Studies Center NONE Exploreum Science Center VARIES FBI Building Federal Courthouse Building Five Rivers – Alabama Delta Resource Center The Rev. Michael Thurman Mary Charlotte Carey Leacy Jordan $3 Five Rivers (Students are not allowed Shonda Border to take boat tour) Fort Conde NONE Fort Conde-Charlotte House Museum VARIES Fort Gaines Historical Site VARIES Anne Layfield Melinda Oalman Ursula Prince Back to Table of Contents $1/Adult Fort Morgan .50 / Childre n Fort Morgan 51 Highway 180 W Gulf Shores AL 36547 251/540-7125 Fort Toulouse / Fort Jackson State Historical Site VARIES Jim Parker Fort Toulouse 2521 W Fort St. Wetumpka AL 36092 251/567-3002 Friends of Magnolia Cemetery NONE H.F. Marston Magnolia Cemetery 1202 Virginia St. Mobile AL 36602 251/208-7307 NONE Larry Pate Email Larry Pate 1501 Satchel Paige Dr. Mobile AL 36606 251/434-1010 Government Street Presbyterian Church NONE Bligh Jones Email Bligh Jones 300 Government St Mobile AL 36602 251/432-1749 Greek Orthodox Church NONE Jeanne Garfunkel Email Greek Orthodox Church 50 S Ann St Mobile AL 36604 251/438-9888 Hank Aaron Stadium VARIES Staff Stadium Webpage 755 Bolling Bros. Blvd Mobile AL 36606 251/479-2327 Linda’s Learning Farm and Play Park $8 John and Linda Shoemaker Learning Farm Webpage 2380 Havens Rd. Semmes AL 36575 251/649-1802 Louisiana Children’s Museum VARIES Children's Museum Webpage 428 Julia St. New Orleans LA 70112 504/523-1357 Louisiana Audubon Nature Institute VARIES Nature Institute Webpage 6500 Magazine St. New Orleans LA 70118 1-800/774-7394 Lynn Meadow’s Discovery Center VARIES Lynn Meadow's Webpage 246 Dolan Ave. Gulfport MS 39507 22/897-6039 Malbis Memorial Church NONE Email George Scourtes 29300 State Highway 181 Daphne AL 36526 251/626-3050 FOX 10 TV (Limit of 30 students) Back to Table of Contents George Scourtes Back to Table of Contents Mobile Area Water and Sewer System NONE Barbara Shaw Email Barbara Shaw 207 N. Catherine Street Mobile AL 36604 251/ Mobile Arts Council VARIES Charlie Smoke Arts Council Webpage 318 Dauphin St. Mobile AL 36602 251/432-9796 x11 Mobile Ballet (Discover Dance) VARIES Mobile Ballet 4351 Downtowner Loop North Mobile AL 36609 251/342-2241 Mobile Botanical Gardens VARIES Botanical Gardens Webpage 5151 Museum Dr. Mobile AL 36608 251/342-0555 Mobile Carnival Museum $2 / Students Carnival Museum Webpage 355 Government St. Mobile AL 36602 251/208-7569 Mobile Civic Center / Concert, Show Schedule VARIES Mobile Civic Center Webpage 5 N. Jackson St. Mobile AL 36602 251/208-5600 Mobile County 911 Operations NONE Sonja Fassbender 911 Information 7340 Zeigler Blvd. Mobile AL 36608 251/639-2369 Mobile County Fire Department (Fire Stations) NONE Deputy Chief Hansberry Fire Department Webpage 701 St. Francis St. Mobile AL 36602 251/208-7357 Mobile Government Plaza NONE Nancy Johnson Government Plaza Webpage 205 Government St Mobile AL 36644 251/574-5088 Mobile International Festival $5 Betty Bryan International Festival Webpage Mobile Civic Center Mobile AL 36602 251/208-1556 Mobile Museum of Art $3 / $5 Kim Wood Museum Webpage 4850 Museum Dr. Mobile AL 36608 251/208-5200 Mobile Opera, Inc. $5 Stacey Driskell Mobile Opera Webpage 257 Dauphin St. Mobile AL 36602 251/432-6772 Back to Table of Contents Judy Stout Back to Table of Contents Mobile Public Library Main Office NONE Paula Edmiston Mobile Public Library Webpage 701 Government St. Mobile AL 36602 Mobile Regional Airport NONE Daphney Easterling Email Daphney Easterling 8400 Airport Blvd. Mobile AL 36608 251/639-4680 Montgomery Zoo VARIES Montgomery AL 36109 -0313 334/240-4900 New Orleans LA 70112 504/581-1993 Pensacola FL 32508 850/453-2025 Mobile AL 36608 251/633-6443 Group Reservations Montgomery Zoo Webpage P O Box Zebra Musee Conti’s Louisiana Legends (Wax Museum) $6 / $7 Musee Conti Webpage Museum of Mobile VARIES Museum of Mobile Webpage 917 Rue Conti St. NAS National Museum of Naval Aviation and IMAX $4.75 Lenor Taylor / Diane Bell Naval Aviation Webpage 1750 Radford Blvd. Suite B 8400 Airport Blvd. National Weather Service NONE Jeff Garmon NOAA Mobile Webpage Building 11 New Orleans Audubon Zoo VARIES New Orleans Zoo 6500 Magazine St. New Orleans LA 70118 1-800/774-7394 Cindi Newell Oakleigh Museum 350 Oakleigh Place Mobile AL 36604 251/432-1281 Florence Giles Old Alabama Town Webpage 301 Columbus St. Montgomery AL 36104 1-888/240-1850 Olin Hanson Partridge Plantation Webpage 9574 Cumberland Rd. Irvington AL 36544 251/957-6465 $5 Oakleigh Museum (Teachers/ Drivers Free) $ 5 / Stu Old Alabama Town $8 / Tea Partridge Plantation Back to Table of Contents $7 Back to Table of Contents Phoenix Fire Museum CHECK Shawanda Amos Phoenix Museum Webpage 203 S. Clairborne St. Mobile AL 36602 251/208-7569 Playhouse in the Park VARIES Danny Mollise Playhouse Webpage 4851 Museum Dr. Mobile AL 36608 251/602-0630 Pratt Turner Conservation Center NONE Marilyn Patrick City of Citronelle Webpage 18405 Lakeview Dr. Citronelle AL 36522 251/866-7973 Richard’s DAR House and Museum $1 Margaret Odom DAR House Webpage 256 N. Joachim Street Mobile AL 36602 251/478-5800 Rosa Parks Museum $4 Katherine Palmer 231 Montgomery St. Montgomery AL 36104 334/241-8661 Rosa Parks Museum (Scroll to bottom of page) Saenger Theater VARIES Patty Thompson Saenger Webpage 6 S. Joachim Street Mobile AL 36602 251/208-5608 NONE Barbara Davis Scoutshire Webpage 3483 Spring Hill Ave. Mobile AL 36608 251/344-3330 Semmes Heritage Park $2 Jeanette Byrd Semmes Heritage Webpage 3871 Wulff Rd. Semmes AL 36575 251/649-0270 Space 301 VARIES Cindy Phillips Space 301 Webpage 301 Conti St. Mobile AL 36601 251/208-5671 Spring Hill College NONE Patrick Sprague Email Patrick Sprague 4000 Dauphin St. Mobile AL 36608 251/380-3030 Stickney Filtration Plant NONE Barbara Shaw Email Barbara Shaw 4800 Moffat Road Mobile AL 36618 251/342-5742 Strickland Youth Center NONE Strickland Contact Information 2315 Costarides St. Mobile AL 36617 251/574-1450 Scoutshire Woods Girl Scouts, Inc. Back to Table of Contents Back to Table of Contents University of South Alabama Department of Dramatic Arts $5 Leon Van Dyke USA Theater Webpage EGLB # 200 University of South Alabama The Archaeology Museum Barbara Fillion Archaeology Museum Website USA Campus $3 6052 USA Drive, South University of South Alabama Science Labs NONE Arts and Science Webpage U.S. Space and Rocket Center VARIES Space Camp Webpage USS Alabama Park $3 Karen Conner Mobile AL 36688 251/460-6306 Mobile AL 36688 251/460-6106 USA / HUMB-118 Mobile AL 36688 251/460-6101 One Tranquility Base Huntsville AL 35807 1-800/572-7234 Mobile AL 36601 251/433-2703 PO Box 65 USS Alabama Webpage Pam Vernar Memorial Parkway Week’s Bay Estuary NONE Margaret Sedlecky Week’s Bay Webpage 11300 US Highway 98 Fairhope AL 36532 251/928-9792 WKRG – TV 5 NONE Venetia Rainer Email Venetia Rainer 555 Broadcast Dr. Mobile AL 36606 251/479-5555 WPMI – TV 15 NONE Contact Information 661 Azalea Rd. Mobile AL 36609 251/602-1500 W. Gayle Planetarium $2.50 Krish Jester Planetarium Webpage (Scroll down for Field Trip Info) 1010 Forest Ave. Montgomery AL 36106 334/241-4799 World War II Museum (National) $10/Stu Ruth Katz WW II Museum Brochure Pre/Post Material 945 Magazine St New Orleans LA 70130 877/813-3329 Alabama Gulf Coast Zoo Highway 59 Gulf Shores AL 36547 251/968-5732 251/967-3358 $12/Adu $5 Alabama Gulf Coast Zoo (Advanced Reservations Required) Back to Table of Contents (Teachers/ Bus Drivers No Charge Back to Table of Contents Updated 07/10 The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 1 Back to Table of Contents Pre and Post-Visit Lesson Plans & Exhibit Scavenger Hunt The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 2 Created by the Education Department The National WWII Museum 945 Magazine St. New Orleans, LA 70130 504/528-1944 www.nationalww2museum.org The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 3 Table of Contents Pre-Visit Activities 2 The “Facts about Artifacts” Scavenger Hunt 12 Post-Visit Activities 18 WWII Glossary 23 The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 4 Pre-Visit Activities Objective: To familiarize students with the time period, names, people, symbols and locations associated with WWII. Activity 1: “What does the 'D' in D-Day mean?” (page 3) Ask the students what they think the “D” in D-Day means. Pass out copies of “What Does the “D” in D-Day Mean?” or have a student read it to the class. Activity 2: Operation Overlord Geography (page 4) Pass out copies of the Operation Overlord Geography sheet for students to complete. Use other classroom resources to find out what kind of terrain the Allied forces found in Normandy. Activity 3: D-Day Vocabulary Fill in the Blank (page 5) Use the D-Day Vocabulary Fill in the Blank sheet as a pre- or post-visit activity. Consider using this as a homework assignment, with or without supplying the glossary. Answers on page 11. Activity 4: "Reading” D-Day Photographs (page 7) Use the photographs provided to teach the students how to "read" historical photographs. This may be done individually or as a class. Encourage the students to look at details, even using a magnifying glass if one is available, and make conclusions. This activity will prepare them to view Museum artifact and photos with a critical eye. Answers on page 11. Activity 5: Geography of the Pacific Theater (page 8) Using the map provided and a timeline of events in the Pacific Theater of Operations, students are asked to identify locations on the map. This activity stresses using atlases, maps and other research materials to identify locations, and will help your students understand the Japanese expansion and Allied reclamation of these territories. Answers on page 11. The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 5 Activity 1: What Does the “D” in D-Day Mean? This is the most frequently asked question by visitors to The National WWII Museum. Many people think they know the answer: designated day, decision day, doomsday, or even death day. Our answer, like many answers in the field of history, is not so simple. Disagreements between military historians and etymologists about the meaning of D-Day abound. Here are just two explanations: In Stephen Ambrose’s D-Day, June 6, 1944: The Climactic Battle of World War II, he writes, Time magazine reported on June 12 [1944] that “as far as the U.S. Army can determine, the first use of D for Day, H for Hour was in Field Order No. 8, of the First Army, A.E.F., issued on Sept. 20, 1918, which read, ‘The First Army will attack at H-Hour on D-Day with the object of forcing the evacuation of the St. Mihiel salient.’” (p. 491) In other words, the D in D-Day merely stands for Day. This coded designation was used for the day of any important invasion or military operation. For military planners (and later historians), the days before and after a D-Day were indicated using plus and minus signs: D-4 meant four days before a D-Day, while D+7 meant seven days after a D-Day. In Paul Dickson’s War Slang, he quotes Robert Hendrickson’s Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins, Many explanations have been given for the meaning of D-Day, June 6, 1944, the day the Allies invaded Normandy from England during World War II. The Army has said that it is “simply an alliteration, as in H-Hour.” Others say the first D in the word also stands for “day,” the term a code designation. The French maintain the D means “disembarkation,” still others say “debarkation,” and the more poetic insist D-Day is short for “day of decision.” When someone wrote to General Eisenhower in 1964 asking for an explanation, his executive assistant Brigadier General Robert Schultz answered: “General Eisenhower asked me to respond to your letter. Be advised that any amphibious operation has a ‘departed date’; therefore the shortened term ‘DDay’ is used.” (p.146) Brigadier General Schultz reminds us that the invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944 was not the only D-Day of World War II. Every amphibious assault—including those in the Pacific, in North Africa, and in Sicily and Italy—had its own D-Day. The National WWII Museum’s opening exhibition explores the history and lessons of the Normandy invasion. On December 7, 2001, the Museum opened The D-Day Invasions of the Pacific, an exhibit exploring America’s Pacific war. The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 6 Activity 2: D-Day Geography 1. Identify and label Germany. Color it green. 2. Identify and label France. Color it blue. 3. Identify and label Great Britain. Color it red. 4. Identify and label the body of water between Great Britain and France. 5. Identify and label London and Paris. 6. Locate the place in France that is nearest to Great Britain and mark it with an “X.” 7. Locate the Normandy, France beaches where the Allied troops landed on D-Day. Draw a red line along the shore. 8. How many miles is it from London to Normandy? The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 miles. 7 Activity 3: D-Day Vocabulary Fill in the Blank Directions: Read the phrases below and write in the most appropriate answer. Use the glossary if you need help. The first letter of each answer is given. If the answer is a person’s name, the letter starts the last name. 1. The Allied operation that deceived the German command into thinking that the Allied invasion would take place in Pas de Calais was F . 2. The President of the United States during the D-Day operation, and known as one of the “Big Three” of WWII, was Franklin Delano R . 3. The term A WWII. was used to describe Germany, Japan, and Italy during 4. George P was in charge of the fake Allied forces that were poised to attack the Germans in Calais. 5. The A W was the nickname of the defenses built by the Nazis that stretched from Norway to Spain. 6. The Normandy beach where Canadian troops landed was code-named J 7. During D-Day p leapt out of airplanes behind enemy lines. 8. Field-Marshal Erwin R the Nazi defenses there. 9. O 10. Adolf H was sent to Normandy to strengthen was the code name for the Allied attack on Normandy. was dictator of Nazi Germany. 11. The location of the Allied landings was N 12. Used on many occasions, d upon Nazi defenses on D-Day. 13. G , France. were large surface vessels that fired was one of the British landing beaches (also a valuable metal). 14. The R were specially-trained U.S. Army units whose purpose during D-Day was to climb the cliffs of Pointe du Hoc, Normandy. 15. The famed L , a very effective amphibious craft, was made in New Orleans and used by the Navy to move men onto the beaches of Normandy. The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 8 16. Dwight E Expeditionary Force. was supreme Commander of the Allied 17. British Prime Minister Winston C the “Big Three.” 18. U state). was known as one of Beach was an American landing point on D-Day (also a U.S. 19. This British landing beach, S , is named after a weapon. 20. The E was a machine used by the Germans to transmit codes, but was broken by Allied code breakers, and used by the Allies to fool the German command. 21. The German Army is known as the W . 22. All along the Atlantic Wall were hundreds of concrete gun emplacements known as p . 23. The designer of the Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel was Andrew H _____. 24. Canada, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the U.S. together were known as the A . 25. The first area along the shoreline secured by Allied troops is known as a b . 26. The acronym SHAEF meant S A H E F . 27. O Beach is another one of the United States landing sites (also a city in Nebraska). 28. The Allies had to cross the E order to get to the beaches of Normandy. C in 29. B is a term used to describe the quick-paced attack the Germans used to conquer Poland, France, and other European countries. 30. Various obstacles, such as h , (also the name of an animal) were used to keep the Allies from coming ashore onto the beaches. The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 9 Activity 4: “Reading” Wartime Photographs Directions: We can tell a lot about our past by looking at photographs. They can tell great stories if we examine them with a critical eye. Take some time looking at the WWII photographs below and try to guess what is happening in each picture and why. Look in the foreground and the background, at the big picture and the small details. On a separate sheet of paper answer the questions beside each photograph. You will see these photographs in The National WWII Museum. Activity 3: D-Day Vocabulary Fill in the Blank Directions: Read the phrases below and write in the most appropriate answer. Use the glossary if you need help. The first letter of each answer is given. If the answer is a person’s name, the letter starts the last name. 2. The Allied operation that deceived the German command into thinking that the Allied invasion would take place in Pas de Calais was F . 2. The President of the United States during the D-Day operation, and known as one of the “Big Three” of WWII, was Franklin Delano R . 3. The term A WWII. was used to describe Germany, Japan, and Italy during 4. George P was in charge of the fake Allied forces that were poised to attack the Germans in Calais. 5. The A W was the nickname of the defenses built by the Nazis that stretched from Norway to Spain. 6. The Normandy beach where Canadian troops landed was code-named J 8. During D-Day p 8. Field-Marshal Erwin R the Nazi defenses there. leapt out of airplanes behind enemy lines. was sent to Normandy to strengthen The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 10 9. O was the code name for the Allied attack on Normandy. 10. Adolf H was dictator of Nazi Germany. 11. The location of the Allied landings was N 12. Used on many occasions, d upon Nazi defenses on D-Day. 13. G , France. were large surface vessels that fired was one of the British landing beaches (also a valuable metal). 14. The R were specially-trained U.S. Army units whose purpose during D-Day was to climb the cliffs of Pointe du Hoc, Normandy. 18. The famed L , a very effective amphibious craft, was made in New Orleans and used by the Navy to move men onto the beaches of Normandy. 19. Dwight E Expeditionary Force. was supreme Commander of the Allied 20. British Prime Minister Winston C the “Big Three.” 18. U state). was known as one of Beach was an American landing point on D-Day (also a U.S. 19. This British landing beach, S , is named after a weapon. 20. The E was a machine used by the Germans to transmit codes, but was broken by Allied code breakers, and used by the Allies to fool the German command. 21. The German Army is known as the W The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 . 11 23. All along the Atlantic Wall were hundreds of concrete gun emplacements known as p . 23. The designer of the Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel was Andrew H _____. 25. Canada, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the U.S. together were known as the A . 25. The first area along the shoreline secured by Allied troops is known as a b . 26. The acronym SHAEF meant S A H E F . 27. O Beach is another one of the United States landing sites (also a city in Nebraska). 28. The Allies had to cross the E order to get to the beaches of Normandy. C in 29. B is a term used to describe the quick-paced attack the Germans used to conquer Poland, France, and other European countries. 30. Various obstacles, such as h , (also the name of an animal) were used to keep the Allies from coming ashore onto the beaches. The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 12 Activity 4: “Reading” Wartime Photographs Directions: We can tell a lot about our past by looking at photographs. They can tell great stories if we examine them with a critical eye. Take some time looking at the WWII photographs below and try to guess what is happening in each picture and why. Look in the foreground and the background, at the big picture and the small details. On a separate sheet of paper answer the questions beside each photograph. You will see these photographs in The National WWII Museum. Photograph #1 1. What is in the center of the picture? 2. Who are the men and what are they doing? 3. How is this piece of equipment different from equipment that looks like this one? 4. What do you think this particular piece of equipment was used for? Photograph #2 1. Who are the men and where are they going? 2. What kind of equipment do they have with them? 3. What is happening on shore and in the water in front of them? 4. Why do you think that no one is looking over the front of the boat? Photograph #3 1. What is in the center-top part of this picture? 2. Who are the men and where are they? 3. What are they doing? 4. What could this piece of equipment be used for? The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 13 Activity 5: Geography of the War in the Pacific Directions: This activity will help you familiarize yourself with the geography of the Pacific Theater of War. Using maps, globes and atlases, locate each location discussed on the accompanying map. Place the number next to each location in the blanks following its description. In 1931, the Empire of Japan (__) invades Manchuria (__) in order to increase its natural resources. This begins a push by Japan into mainland Asia that continues throughout the 1930’s. A decade later, Japan has been slowly pressing into China (__) and is prepared to make a major assault in the Pacific Theater. In order to prevent the U.S. from interfering with their plans, they stage a sneak attack at Pearl Harbor (__) on December 7th, 1941. Much of the United States fleet is destroyed. The Japanese are prepared to move quickly. On December 8th, 1941, the Japanese attack the American forces in the Philippine Islands (__), the British holdings of Hong Kong (__) and Singapore, on the Malayan peninsula (__). The Japanese are conquering new territory rapidly while the Americans recover. Japan continues to conquer territory throughout the Pacific towards Australia (__). By May of 1942, the Japanese have reached the Coral Sea (__), where American ships are waiting for them. The battle is technically a draw, but it marks the first set-back in Japan’s offensive. In June of 1942, the Japanese send a large fleet to the island of Midway (__). American planes have been using this island to refuel on the long trips from California to the South Pacific. If the Japanese can take the island, they will stop these flights entirely. At the Battle of Midway, the U. S. Navy scores a clear victory, and the tide of the war turns. The Japanese begin losing ground. The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 14 In order to defeat Japan, American forces will have to wage a long campaign of islandhopping, slowly taking back islands the Japanese have conquered. On August 7, 1942, the 1st Marine Division lands on Guadalcanal (__). It will take nearly three years to get U.S. forces within striking distance of Japan. In February of 1945, 30,000 U. S. Marines land on the tiny island of Iwo Jima (__). After 36 days of combat, the U. S. controls an airstrip within range of Japan itself. Now, bombardment of Japanese factories and military bases can begin. Japan has lost almost all of its conquered territory. In April of 1945, over 300,000 Americans land on the island of Okinawa (__) and face a Japanese army half their size. The Japanese fight to the end, losing over 110,000 soldiers. The home island of Japan has been damaged by American bombing raids, but Japan is unwilling to surrender and prepares to fight to the very end. In order to deal a major blow to the nation of Japan itself and force the Emperor to surrender, President Harry S Truman authorizes the use of the atomic bomb. On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima (__). On August 14th, Japan surrenders. The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 15 11 14 12 0 Miles 1000 Updated 07/10 0 Kilometers 1600 13 Pre-Visit Activities Answer Keys Fill in the Blank 1. Fortitude 2. Franklin D. Roosevelt 3. Axis 4. General George S. Patton 5. Atlantic Wall 6. Juno 7. paratroopers 8. Rommel 9. Overlord 10. Adolf Hitler 11. Normandy 12. destroyers 13. Gold 14. Rangers 15. LCVP 16. General Dwight D. Eisenhower 17. Winston Churchill 18. Utah 19. Sword 20. Enigma 21. Wehrmacht 22. pillboxes 23. Higgins 24. Allied Powers or the Allies 25. beachhead 26. Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force 27. Omaha 28. English Channel 29. blitzkrieg 30. hedgehog Geography of the Pacific 1. Singapore 2. Midway 3. Iwo Jima 4. Philippine Islands 5. Hiroshima 6. Pearl Harbor 7. Coral Sea 8. Japan 9. Manchuria 10. Guadalcanal 11. China 12. Hong Kong 13. Australia 14. Okinawa Reading Artifacts Photograph #1: Taken near Dover, England shortly before D-Day. These British soldiers are moving a rubber dummy tank. Fake equipment, radio signals, and camp sites were used by the Allied forces to fool the German military into thinking that the expected invasion into Western Europe would occur across the Pas de Calais, not in Normandy, France. Photograph #2: Taken on the English Channel in the early morning, June 6, 1944. U.S. infantrymen in a Higgins LCVP moving toward Omaha Beach. Other Allied equipment and personnel are blocking their path to the beach. Despite the seeming calm, the soldiers were under heavy fire from German troops and kept themselves protected behind the raised steel ramp. The smoke on shore is an indicator of artillery fire and burning vehicles. Photograph #3: Taken on Omaha Beach, Normandy, as the beaches were being secured. These men, from the 320th Barrage Balloon Battalion are launching barrage balloons that remained attached to the ground by cables. The purpose was to protect soldiers and equipment on the beaches. German dive-bombers would not fly close to the balloons fearing their airplane would be damaged the cables. The U.S. Army was The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 11 segregated during World War II and, although many African American regiments proved their skill and courage in battle, they were most often assigned to non-combat duties. The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 12 The National WWII Museum’s “Facts about Artifacts Hunt” OBJECTIVE: to provide a structured educational experience for students during a self-guided visit to The National WWII Museum. Give a copy of pages 13-16 to each student. Please remember to have students bring pencils (not pens). Assign this activity to your students for their visit. For your convenience, we have broken this activity down into three sections. The first is for the Road to War, Home Front and Higgins exhibits, which we recommend for all students. The second section explores the Fortress Europe, Normandy Beaches and From Normandy to Berlin exhibits, also recommended for all students. The final section of the Artifacts Hunt is for those students who will also be visiting the D-Day Invasions in the Pacific wing of the museum. Please keep in mind that this wing of the Museum contains several graphic images of violence; teachers are cautioned to preview these exhibits to determine if they are comfortable having their students view these images. An answer key is provided for you on page 17. REMINDER: Do not assign this activity to your students if you will be receiving a Docent-Guided tour of the Museum. Students’ full attention and participation will be required. Updated 07/10 “Facts about Artifacts” Hunt Your mission: find the following artifacts and exhibits in the Museum and answer the questions about them. Look for them in order. SECTION I: The Road to War & The Home Front (Second Floor) 1. Wall map of Europe and East Asia (outside “Road to War” theater) Which of the following countries was not Axis-controlled or Axis-allied in 1941? A. Algeria C. Manchuria B. Australia D. Poland 2. Franklin Roosevelt’s Day of Infamy Speech (just past large newspaper) What word did Roosevelt substitute for the phrase "world history"? A. Eternity C. Infamy B. History D. Liberty 3. A steel penny (just after bunk beds) In what year were U.S. pennies made of steel? A. 1940 C. 1942 B. 1941 D. 1943 4. A poster encouraging people to save their waste fats (just before stack of tires) What could be made from saved waste fats? A. Ammunition Cartridges C. Parachutes B. Gunpowder D. Plastic Canteens 5. Model of an LCM (Higgins boat exhibit area) How long did it take for Higgins to design and build this special landing craft? A. 61 hours C. 1 month B. 1 week D. 93 days SECTION II: The D-Day Invasion of Normandy (Third Floor) 1. Schematic of German beach obstacles (left side of German bunker) What nickname did Germans give to the mine-topped poles used to defend the Normandy coast? A. Belgian Gates C. Rommel's Asparagus B. Hedgehogs D. Tetrahedrons The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 1 2. U.S. Assault Troop Equipment (the case just past the Axis/Allies uniforms) What designation was given to the single-meal package issued to U. S. assault troops? A. D-Ration C. MRE B. K-Ration D. T-Ration 3. SHAEF Commanders (just past the weapons area) Who was the Commander of the Allied Ground Forces? A. Lt. Gen. Omar N. Bradley C. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower B. Lt. Gen. Walter Bedell Smith D. Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgomery 4. Photo of inflatable truck (just past SHAEF Commanders) Which of these is not a landing site the Allies pretended they would assault? A. Algeria C. Norway B. Greece D. Pas-de-Calais, France 5. Eisenhower’s handwritten note (beyond “Decision To Go” theater) Who does Eisenhower say should be blamed if the D-Day invasion fails? A. Himself C. President Roosevelt B. Winston Churchill D. General Rommel 6. Airborne cricket (opposite the crashed glider display) How many clicks did Airborne soldiers use to answer back when they heard a cricket? A. None C. Two B. One D. Three 7. The Armada (just beyond the crashed glider area) What were the smallest vessels used by the Allies on D-Day? A. Corvettes C. LCVPs B. LCMs D. LSTs (Cross the Skybridge) 8. Signal Flags (colored red and gold) On which Normandy beach were these flags used? A. Gold C. Omaha B. Juno D. Utah 9. Photo of Company A, 116th Infantry Regiment (photo of 136 men) How many of these men were killed in the first 10 minutes of the invasion? A. 2 C. 64 B. 27 D. 91 The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 2 10. Large photo of beach at end of D-Day (with balloons above the ships) What did barrage balloons protect ships from? A. Artillery attacks C. Lightning B. Dive-bombers D. Spies 11. Hedgerow (row of 10-foot high bushes) Where did the Allies get the metal which they fastened into plows to help their tanks push through the Normandy hedgerows? A. American ships C. French farm plows B. English factories D. German beach obstacles Bonus Question: On what date did the war in Europe end? A. June 6, 1944 C. May 2, 1945 B. April 12, 1945 D. May 8, 1945 SECTION III: The D-Day Invasions of the Pacific (Second Floor) 1. Piece of the U.S.S. Arizona About what percentage of Americans killed during the attack on Pearl Harbor were on the U.S.S. Arizona? A. 25 C. 75 B. 50 D. 100 2. Doolittle Raider Jacket Which aircraft carrier launched the bombers participating in the Doolittle Raid? A. Enterprise C. Lexington B. Hornet D. Shoho 3. McIlhenny Helmet and Sword What medal did First Lieutenant Walter S. McIlhenny earn on Guadalcanal? A. Bronze Star C. Congressional Medal of Honor B. Purple Heart D. Navy Cross 4. Dessauer United States Flag When did the crew of LST 999 lower the flag to half mast? A. V-E day C. June 6, 1944 B. V-J D. Roosevelt's death The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 3 5. Coconut (in case under Battle of Hollandia information) In which amphibious landing did Private First Class Donald C. Krechel participate? A. Aitape, New Guinea C. Kwajalein B. Iwo Jima D. Tarawa 6. Photograph of Army Nurses at Saipan (in case near Battle of Saipan information) What was Birdie Daigle’s Army rank when she served on Iwo Jima? A. 1st Lieutenant C. Private B. Captain D. Sergeant 7. PFC Lloyd G. Barre’s Purple Heart (just beyond Weapons of Pacific area) Who is pictured on every Purple Heart? A. George Washington C. Thomas Jefferson B. Abraham Lincoln D. Franklin D. Roosevelt 8. Jack Lucas’ Wallet (near the Leyte Gulf/Philippine Sea theater) How old was Jack Lucas when he first joined the Marines? A. 14 C. 24 B. 18 D. 34 9. Piece of Trinitite (in Atomic Bomb history area) In what state is Trinity Site located? A. Louisiana C. New Mexico B. Nevada D. Texas Bonus Question On what date did the war in the Pacific end? A. May 8, 1945 C. August 14, 1945 B. August 8, 1945 D. September 2, 1945 The National WWII Museum 945 Magazine Street New Orleans, LA 70130 www.nationalww2museum.org The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 4 The National WWII Museum’s Facts about Artifacts Hunt Answer Sheet Section I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B C D B A Section II 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. D Bonus: D (V-E Day was officially May 8, 1945) Section III 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. C Bonus: C or D. Both answers can be considered correct—On August 14, 1945, Emperor Hirohito announced Japan’s unconditional surrender; on September 2, 1945, Japan signed the surrender document on the U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay. The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 5 The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 6 Post-Visit Activities Objective: to review and reinforce what students have learned about D-Day and WWII. Activity 1: Student Discussion Hold a class discussion about your Museum experience. Ask one or more of the following questions: Do you think that Americans today could accomplish what they did during WWII if another world-wide conflict erupted? Why or why not? What lessons from World War II should we use in our lives today? Did your visit to the Museum change your view of history? How and why? If you were director of the Museum, what exhibits would you add to The National WWII Museum and why? Would you change anything else? Activity 2: Personal Stories Assign a creative writing project. Let students write a first person story or poem about an individual’s experience during World War II. Students may want to interview someone they know who lived during World War II for added information. Stories may be in the form of a play, a letter, or a diary. Students can read their work to the class. Activity 3: Review Activities Find out how much your students remember from their trip to The National WWII Museum by giving them copies of the Word Searches, Word Scramble, and/or Matching Puzzle provided. Consider giving these activity pages to them for the bus ride back to school. The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 7 D-Day Matching Puzzle Directions: Match the terms below with the correct sentences . A. B. C. D. E. F. G. drafting Fortitude rationing Higgins Industries Normandy Calais Axis H. I. J. K. L. Great Depression Rangers LCVP paratroopers Women’s Army Corps M. Allied Expeditionary Force N. counter attack O. Home Front 1. ____The area of France where the D-Day invasion of France took place. 2. _____The military force that included U.S., British, and Canadian troops on D-Day. 3. _____The name of the alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan. 4. _____A boat made by Higgins Industries used extensively on D-Day. 5. _____The process of selecting men for military service. 6. _____ During WWII, Americans referred to the United States by this term. 7. _____The system of allocating food and other scarce resources in the U.S. during WWII. 8. _____Military troops who jumped from airplanes and landed behind enemy lines on D-Day. 9. _____The place where Germany expected the Allies to invade Western Europe. 10. _____American soldiers who scaled cliffs on the Normandy beaches on D-Day. 11. _____U.S. military group for women started during WWII. 12. _____The economic disaster that struck the U.S. and the world in the decade before WWII. 13. _____The Germans tried this military maneuver after the Allies invaded Normandy. 14. _____The Allied operation whose purpose was to deceive the Germans. The National WWII Museum Pre and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 8 15. _____The New Orleans company that made boats to be used for D-Day. D-DAY Word Scramble Directions: Unscramble the D-Day related words below, and then arrange the bracketed letters to find the mystery words to complete the sentence below. RFATD __ __ __ [__] [__] LIALES __ __ __ __ [__] __ LDIEGR __ __ __ __ __ __ MDONRANY __ [__] __ [__] __ __ __ __ RWA __ __ [__] RANFEC __ __ __ [__] __ __ SXIA __ __ __ __ MHAOA __ __ __ [__] __ GIGHINS __ __ __ __ __ __ __ NUJO __ __ __ [__] While the Allied forces were fighting in Europe and the Pacific, American workers on the ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ worked hard to provide them with the equipment and supplies they needed. The National WWII Museum Pre- and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 1 Can you create your own word scramble using other WWII words? The National WWII Museum Pre- and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 2 The D-Day Invasion of Normandy U W W F G K V N Y B N Y C H P V T N D O M F N W A E T Q T P M E A Y L I J Q G R O C H U N W X V H D U L X P R N I F O N O Q E B N Y R P I A G R B M C S B Y O D L N G N G P M L S S R E W O H N E S I E V O E T X E K X N L A B N G B A I Y R Q G E H I H L S O M A I Z X O N N Q T A S B H K G L R E E P D A Y M O O E B M U L B E R R Y R O W A G A N S N O O V I N C I M T D J R M U S O R B W G P A O E S W O R D J N N T L O V R H Y D N A M R O N E U P X C Airborne Gold June Six Normandy Rangers Barrage Balloon Hedgehog Juno Omaha Sword The National WWII Museum Pre- and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 Eisenhower Higgins Boat Mulberry Portsmouth Utah 3 World War II in the Pacific R P Z S K O M C H R C X I D A O S M O A E R Z Z K P W I I S B P V H M D W E A A O R R H U R H O X I X J L Z J U C B X B A I Z B K G V H I O R B E Z M H L V M A F K M S A G M R W A L I R B Z T A S F O C M P V R R P S R E G I T G N I Y L F I A P D I R M C Y A W D I M C N E I W L S A Y A M A M O T O E P N I S R B M O B C I M O T A I E U R G U A D A L C A N A L F S I P L C O D E T A L K E R I E R U H T R A C A M G W X P R X Q M K B U T Z O Y S B T H Aircraft Carrier Flying Tigers Kamikaze Pearl Harbor USS Missouri Atomic Bomb Guadalcanal MacArthur Philippines Yamamoto Code Talker Iwo Jima Midway Submarine Zero The Na t io na l D -Da y Muse um is f o r Kid s, t o o ! The National WWII Museum Pre- and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 4 Glossary Aerial Bombardment – Strategic attacks carried out by bombing aircraft designed to destroy targeted areas, usually fortifications, factories and railroads. Aircraft Carrier – a warship designed specifically for aircraft to launch from its deck. Allied Powers (referred to as "The Allies") - the twenty-six nations led by Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union that joined in war against Germany, Italy, Japan. Atlantic Wall - the defenses constructed by the German military, primarily using slave labor, along the Atlantic coast of Europe, from Norway to the Pyrenees, to defend German occupied territory from Allied invasion. Armada - a fleet of warships and/or military aircraft; the group of ships and aircraft that left Great Britain for France in pre-dawn hours of D-Day. Axis Powers (referred to as "The Axis") - Germany, Japan, Italy, during WWII. B-29 – “Superfortress” bombers developed during the war, which were capable of carrying much larger loads of bombs than previous, smaller models. Battalion - a U.S. Army tactical unit made up of three or more companies or batteries; is normally commanded by a lieutenant colonel and is the basic building unit of a division. Battle of Leyte Gulf – The largest naval battle in history, lasting 4 days. The American forces defeated the Japanese during their campaign to retake the Philippines. Battle of the Philippine Sea – The largest aircraft carrier battle in history, between 9 Japanese carriers with 473 airplanes and 15 American carriers with 956 airplanes. Beachhead - a position established by invading troops on an enemy shore; the area on the beaches in France where Allied boats and equipment landed during D-Day. Blitzkrieg - meaning "lightning war" in English, was Germany's invasion tactic that combined swiftly moving ground forces and devastating air attacks, used by the Nazis to conquer Poland and France. Pronounced “blits-kreeg” Churchill - Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain. Corpsmen – U. S. Navy personnel who were in charge of tending to wounded sailors and marines. Pronounced “kor-men” Destroyer - a versatile surface warships widely used in the war. Division - the largest ground combat formation that normally includes infantry, artillery and armored components; usually commanded by a major general. Doolittle – Lt. Col. James ‘Jimmy’ Doolittle led America’s first bombing raid on Japan by launching B-25 bombers from the deck of an aircraft carrier in March, 1942. The National WWII Museum Pre- and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 5 Eisenhower - General Dwight D. "Ike" Eisenhower was the Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force. He was in charge of Operation Overlord. English Channel - the body of water between the island of Great Britain and the continent of Europe over which the Allies had to cross in order to attack the German army in France. Enigma - German secret codes which were broken by the Allies, aiding in their deception efforts before D-Day. Glider - a lightweight, motor-less airplane; used during D-Day to carry personnel and equipment behind enemy lines. Gold (Beach) - the Allied code name for Asnelles beach on D-Day; the British 50th Infantry Division was assigned to Gold Beach. Hedgehog – portable beach obstacle constructed of three welded pieces of iron, made to damage landing craft. Higgins – Andrew Jackson Higgins and his 30,000 employees at Higgins Industries in New Orleans constructed 12,500 LCVPs (Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel) during WWII. Hirohito – Emperor of Japan, believed by Japanese citizens to be the divine leader of the Shinto religion. Hitler - Adolf Hitler was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. Infantry - the branch of service consisting of soldiers trained and equipped to fight and move from place to place chiefly on foot. Internment – Relocation and confinement of over 100,000 Japanese-Americans by the United States government in 10 relocation centers throughout the American southwest. Juno (Beach) - Allied code name for Courseulles beach on D-Day; the Canadian 3rd Infantry Division was assigned to Juno Beach. Kamikaze – Japanese pilots trained and instructed to crash their airplanes into American ships. Pronounced “kom-a-kozi” LCVP - acronym for a boat produced by Higgins Industries, named Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (more commonly called a Higgins boat). Midway – Often seen as the turning point of the war in the Pacific, Midway was the first great success by American naval forces in WWII. Normandy - a geographical location in France on the northwestern seashore. Omaha (Beach) - Allied code-name for the beach at Calvados on D-Day; the United States 1st and 29th Infantry Divisions were assigned to Omaha Beach. The National WWII Museum Pre- and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 6 Operation Fortitude - the code-name for the Allied military plan that included tactics to mislead the German military prior to D-Day. Operation Overlord - the code-name for the Allied invasion into German-occupied Western Europe. Paratroopers - soldiers trained to parachute from an aircraft; during D-Day the men who parachuted behind enemy lines to assist the soldiers who landed on the beaches. Pas-de-Calais - the narrowest point between Great Britain and France; the location that many Germans believed the Allies would attack. Pronounced “pah-du-calay” Patton - General George S. Patton was in command of the fictitious army that was part of Operation Fortitude. Pearl Harbor – Base in Oahu, Hawaii where much of the United States Pacific Fleet was anchored during the December 7th, 1941 attack by the Japanese. Pillbox - a low, enclosed gun emplacement of concrete and steel; used by Germans along the "Atlantic Wall." Rangers - a specially trained United States Army unit; the soldiers who climbed the cliffs of Pointe du Hoc Normandy during the D-Day invasion. Rommel - Field-Marshal Erwin Rommel was sent to France by Hitler to strengthen the Atlantic Wall, and organize the defense of Western France. Roosevelt - Franklin Delano Roosevelt was president of the United States from 1933-1945, and along with Churchill and Stalin was one of the “Big Three.” SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force) - the group of military leaders who planned and supervised Operation Overlord. Sword (Beach) - Allied code name for Dourves beach on D-Day; the British 3rd Infantry Division was assigned to Sword Beach. Truman – Harry S Truman became the 33rd President of the United States upon the death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in April, 1945. Utah (Beach) - Allied code name for beach landing on D-Day; the United States 4th Infantry Division was assigned to Utah Beach. Wehrmacht - the German Army. Pronounced “vare-macht” Yamamoto – Admiral in the Japanese Navy who planned and staged the Japanese sneak attack at Pearl Harbor. The National WWII Museum Pre- and Post-Visit Teacher Materials, updated 07/10 7
