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What is Dry Eye Disease? Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. Disease of ocular surface caused by disturbances of natural function and protection of external eye leading to an unstable tear film when eye is open Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease The Healthy Tears NORMAL TEARING DEPENDS ON A NEURONAL FEEDBACK LOOP Secretomotor Nerve Impulses Lacrimal Glands Tears Support and Maintain Ocular Surface Ocular Surface Neural Stimulation DRY EYE DISEASE INFLAMMATION DISRUPTS NORMAL NEURONAL CONTROL OF TEARING. Interrupted Secretomotor Nerve Impulses Lacrimal Glands: • Neurogenic Inflammation • T-cell Activation • Cytokine Secretion into Tears Tears Inflame Ocular Surface Cytokines Disrupt Neural Arc Healthy Tears • A complex mixture of proteins, mucin, and electrolytes: • Antimicrobial proteins: • Lysozyme, lactoferrin • Growth factors & suppressors of inflammation: • EGF, IL-1RA • Soluble mucin 5AC secreted by goblet cells for viscosity • Electrolytes for proper osmolarity Tears in Chronic Dry Eye • Decrease in many proteins • Decreased growth factor concentrations • Altered cytokine balance promotes inflammation • Soluble mucin 5AC greatly decreased • Due to goblet cell loss • Impacts viscosity of tear film • Proteases activated • Increased electrolytes Tear film disorders Normalorders Affectedrders Ocular surface disorders Symptoms of Dry Eye Irritation Redness Burning/ Stinging Tearing Contact lens intolerance Increased frequency of blinking Itchy eyes foreign body sensation Blurred vision Photophobia (less frequent symptom) Thick sticky mucous discharge Treatment For Dry Eye ARTIFICIAL TEAR DROPS: 0.25 -0.7% methyl cellulose 0.3% hypromellose pol yvinyl alcohol MUCOLYTICS: 5% acetylcystine 4times/ day TOPICAL RETINOIDS Address 1: 3 Paxton’s Court (Opp. Post Office) Newark Notts, NG24 1DH, UK Address 2: 9 The Nook(Next To Bird’sThe Confectioners) Anstey Leicester LE7 7AZ Feel Free to call us on: 01636 679555 Visit our website at: opticareoptician.co.uk Email us at: [email protected]
