Download Muscle Lecture Test Questions – Set 2

Muscle Lecture Test Questions – Set 2
Summer 2015
1.
Another term for a muscle fiber is a muscle:
a. cell
b. fibril
c. fibril
d. sarcosome
e. sarcomere
2.
Another term for a muscle fiber is a(n):
a. aponeurosis
b. cell
c. sarcolemma
d. involuntary device
e. fibril
3.
Which of the following diameters would not be within the range for a skeletal muscle fibril:
a. 10 micrometers
b. 50 micrometers
c. 100 micrometers
d. one centimeter
e. all of the above are out of range
4.
A muscle cell's plasma membrane is the:
a. sarcoplasm
b. sarcolemma
c. sarcosome
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum
e. sarcomere
5.
A skeletal muscle cell 5 centimeters long should have about how many nuclei:
a. 175
b. 15
c. 1750
d. 500
e. only one, since these cells are not multinucleated
6.
The basic structural and functional contractile unit of a muscle fiber is:
a. thin filament
b. thick filament
c. T-tubule
d. sarcomere
e. sarcolemma
7.
Fibrils are actually:
a. protein filaments
b. not part of the integral fiber structure
c. extensions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
d.
e.
connective tissue
histological artifacts, not present in living tissue
8.
In the middle of each I-band of a fibril is a dark, narrow plate, the:
a. A-band
b. Z-line
c. H-zone
d. M-line
e. sarcomere
9.
The M-line is in the middle of:
a. the H-zone
b. the I-band
c. is a sarcomere boundary
d. is perpendicular to the Z-lines
e. all of the above
10.
A sarcomere consists of the region of a fibril:
a. immediately on either side of the H-band
b. from one Z-line to the next
c. known as the A-band
d. upon which a motor end plate is found
e. surrounding the endomysium
11.
Each thick filament is surrounded by how many thin filaments:
a. one
b. six
c. three
d. fifty
e. five
12.
Each thin filament receives heads from how many thick filaments:
a. three
b. one
c. six
d. twenty-five
e. a variable number
13.
Which of the following is the longest:
a. muscle fiber
b. sarcosome
c. thick filament
d. thin filament
e. sarcomere
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
14.
Which of the following is the smallest:
a. muscle
b. sarcomere
c. fibril
d. thin filament
e. thick filament
15.
Which of the following would be the smallest:
a. fasciculus
b. muscle fiber
c. fibril
d. thick filament
e. thin filament
16.
The point of "contact" between a motor axon ending and a muscle fiber is:
a. fibril sheath
b. motor end plate
c. dendrite
d. insertion
e. none of the above
17.
A motor unit is:
a. synonymous with a sarcomere
b. only found in smooth muscle
c. most common with fusiform muscles
d. partially unrelated to the ethereal nebulosity of reciprocating semi-filaments
e. a motor axon's endings and the muscle fibers it controls
18.
A nerve fiber (axon) and all the muscle fibers it controls constitute a:
a. motor end plate
b. sarcoplasmic reticulum
c. motor unit
d. sarcomere
e. sarcoma
19.
One difference between skeletal muscle cells and smooth muscle cells is:
a. skeletal are voluntary
b. smooth are voluntary
c. skeletal are shorter
d. skeletal are branched
e. smooth are only found in the thoracic region
20.
One difference between skeletal muscle and smooth muscle is:
a. smooth muscle cells have no nucleus but do have mitochondria
b. skeletal muscle cells are not nucleated
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
c.
d.
e.
skeletal muscle is found only in the thoracic region
smooth muscle is entirely controlled by the nervous system
none of the above
21.
In smooth muscle cells the filaments are arranged:
a. as in skeletal
b. as in cardiac
c. obliquely
d. randomly
e. wait a minute--smooth muscle does not have filaments
22.
Cardiac muscle cells:
a. are branched
b. have one nucleus
c. are involuntary
d. are smaller than skeletal
e. all of the above
23.
The major muscle protein is:
a. actin
b. myosin
c. tropomyosin
d. troponin
e. m-protein
24.
Myosin is characterized by all of the following, except:
a. makes up the thick filaments of fibrils
b. composed of two intertwined, identical subunits
c. exhibits enzyme activity as ATPase
d. has a high affinity for calcium
e. has cross-bridges (heads) which bind to actin molecules
25.
Myosin is characterized by all of the following, except:
a. makes up the thick filaments of fibrils
b. has projecting heads (cross-bridges)
c. exhibits enzyme activity as ATPase
d. is directly involved in muscle contraction
e. does not move during contraction, since the thin filaments pull the thick filaments
26.
The molecular weight of myosin:
a. 800
b. 500,000
c. 80,000
d. 70,000
e. 60,000
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
27.
Troponin:
a. composes the framework of the thin filaments
b. molecules are asymmetrical, with a linear "tail" and a more globular "head"
c. connects thin filaments of adjacent sarcomeres at the Z-line
d. joins the thick and thin filaments
e. consists of three globular, non-identical subunits
28.
Which of the following molecules is the smallest:
a. actin
b. tropomyosin
c. troponin
d. myosin
e. none of the above
29.
Which of the following molecules has the greatest molecular weight:
a. myosin
b. actin
c. tropomyosin
d. troponin
e. none of the above, since they are all equal
30.
Thin filaments are composed of:
a. actin
b. troponin
c. tropomyosin
d. alpha-actinin
e. all of the above
31.
Which of the following is not present in thick filaments:
a. actin
b. troponin
c. tropomyosin
d. Z-line
e. all of the above are lacking
32.
Thick filaments are primarily composed of:
a. zwichenscheibe substance
b. calcium carbonate
c. actin
d. myosin
e. T-substance
33.
When actin and myosin are mixed they combine to form:
a. tropomyosin
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
b.
c.
d.
e.
troponin
actinin
sarcoplasm
actomyosin
34.
A skeletal muscle cell 10 centimeters long should have about how many nuclei:
a. 1,000
b. 350
c. 3,500
d. 35
e. only one, since these cells are not multinucleated
35.
The H-zone of a sarcomere consists of:
a. thick filaments only
b. thin filaments only
c. both thick and thin filaments
d. no filaments
e. calcium ions only
36.
The function of the M-line:
a. unknown
b. align thick filaments
c. align thin filaments
d. from a sarcomere boundary
e. actively transport calcium ions
37.
Which of the following is not a part of the thin filaments:
a. actin
b. tropomyosin
c. troponin
d. myosin
e. all of the above are lacking
38.
The location of the T-tubule loops:
a. within the H-zone
b. two are wrapped around each sarcomere, at either end of the A-bands
c. one is wrapped around the middle of each sarcomere
d. in the endomysium, near the motor end plates
e. the framework of the thin filaments
39.
Each head projecting from a thick filament will associate with:
a. a troponin molecule
b. a Z-line molecule
c. a tropomyosin molecule
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
d.
e.
an actin molecule
a motor end plate
40.
Which of the following proteins is globular:
a. myosin
b. tropomyosin
c. actin
d. troponin
e. both actin and troponin
41.
Most of a muscle cell's volume consists of:
a. sarcosomes
b. sarcoplasmic reticulum
c. T-tubules
d. fibrils
e. nuclei
42.
The function of the Z-line:
a. permits overlap of thin and thick filaments
b. transfers calcium from the T-tubules to the terminal cisternae
c. aligns thick filaments
d. aligns thin filaments
e. unknown
43.
When mixed in an experimental situation, actin and myosin, along with necessary catalysts and
an energy source, will:
a. form a viscous gel (actomyosin), which contracts
b. form thin and thick filaments
c. explosively react, creating abundant heat and gas
d. not exhibit any natural contractile behavior
e. not mix at all, due to the absence of troponin and tropomyosin
44.
The M-line:
a. is a sarcomere boundary
b. is also called the Maginot line
c. aligns the thin filaments
d. aligns the thick filaments
e. is responsible for attaching the myosin heads of the thick filaments to the actin globules of
the thin filaments
45.
What is within an I-band:
a. thin filaments only
b. thick filaments only
c. both thick and thin filaments
d. no filaments
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
e.
sarcosomes
46.
Sarcosomes are:
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. vacuoles
c. microtubules
d. mitochondria
e. substances which allow muscle cells to store oxygen
47.
A tropomyosin molecule will bond with how many troponin molecules:
a. seven
b. three
c. two
d. one
e. no set number
48.
A tropomyosin molecule will bond with how many actin molecules:
a. one
b. two
c. fourteen
d. seven
e. no set number
49.
Which of the following is not a correct use for the word "fiber":
a. muscle cell
b. axon
c. collagenous fiber
d. flagellum
e. reticular fiber
50.
Which of the following diameters would be within the range for a skeletal muscle fibril:
a. one centimeter
b. one micrometer
c. 100 nanometers
d. 10 Angstrom units
e. one millimeter
51.
A group of 450 thick filaments would basically compose which of the following:
a. sarcomere
b. I-band
c. H-zone
d. A-band
e. motor unit
52.
The attachment structure for a group of thin filaments is:
a. M-line
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
b.
c.
d.
e.
A-band
Z-line
H-zone
T-tubule
53.
An association between a T-tubule loop and 2 flanking terminal cisternae:
a. sarcoplasmic reticulum
b. triad
c. proprioceptor
d. sarcomere
e. motor unit
54.
A thin filament with a total of 350 actin molecules would have how many troponin molecules:
a. 350
b. 2450
c. 175
d. 700
e. 50
55.
Which of the following muscle features can undergo remodeling (alteration):
a. diameter
b. length
c. vascularity
d. strength
e. all of the above
56.
The only instance of fiber and cell being synonymous is:
a. nervous tissue
b. connective tissue
c. epithelial tissue
d. muscle tissue
e. never
57.
Which of the following diameters would be within the range of a skeletal muscle cell:
a. 10 µm
b. 25 µm
c. 50 µm
d. 100 µm
e. all of the above
58.
A thin filament with a total of 50 tropomyosin molecules would have how many troponin
molecules:
a. 350
b. 50
c. 100
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
d.
e.
25
700
59.
If a muscle cell has 350 fibrils, each T-tubule would have how many loops:
a. 350
b. 35
c. 3,500
d. 50
e. 700
60.
A long twisted rod-like protein, consisting of two intertwined, asymmetric, linear subunits:
a. actin
b. troponin
c. tropomyosin
d. myosin
e. glycogen
61.
A globular protein, consisting of three non-identical subunits:
a. actin
b. myosin
c. tropomyosin
d. troponin
e. glycogen
62.
Which of the following is not within the range for the diameter of a skeletal muscle cell:
a. 1 micrometer
b. 1 centimeter
c. 1 nanometer
d. 1 Angstrom unit
e. all of the above are out of range
63.
Which of the following is only found within the A-band:
a. thick filaments
b. thin filaments
c. Z-line
d. I-band
e. sarcomere
64.
A sarcomere contains how many groups (sets) of thin filaments:
a. four
b. three
c. two
d. one
e. a variable number, depending on whether the cell is fast, slow or intermediate
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
65.
If a muscle cell has 300 fibrils, each being 60 sarcomeres long, what would be the total number of
T-tubule loops in the entire cell:
a. 36,000
b. 18,000
c. 5
d. 300
e. 1,800
66.
A thin filament with a total of 70 tropomyosin molecules would have how many actin molecules:
a. 70
b. 490
c. 10
d. 140
e. 350
67.
Which of the following would be the largest molecule:
a. actin
b. troponin
c. tropomyosin
d. ATP
e. myosin
68.
The function of T-tubules is:
a. conduction of an ionic wave from the sarcolemma to the inside of the cell
b. calcium release and retrieval
c. to hold a sarcomere’s thick filaments in place
d. to hold a sarcomere’s thin filaments in place
e. to assist an agonist by stabilizing another critical joint
69.
A thin filament with a total of 140 tropomyosin molecules would have how many actin molecules:
a. 200
b. 140
c. 1400
d. 980
e. 70
70.
Which of the following is concerned with controlling calcium ions:
a. thick filaments
b. sarcomere
c. H-zone
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum
e. T-tubules
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
71.
Which of the following would be the most reasonable number of fibrils in a muscle cell (fiber):
a. 500
b. 50
c. 5
d. 500,000
e. 5,000,000
72.
What is the diameter of a thick filament:
a. 150 centimeters
b. 150 millimeters
c. 150 micrometers
d. 150 nanometers
e. 150 Angstrom units
73.
The part of an A-band where thick and thin filaments do not overlap:
a. H-zone
b. M-line
c. I-band
d. Z-line
e. G-zone
74.
Muscle striations are a product of the individual cellular filaments.
75.
Muscle striations are a product of the entire muscle, having nothing to do with individual cellular
or sub-cellular structure.
76.
Fibrils are inside of the filaments.
77.
Filaments are inside of the fibrils.
78.
The M-line is in the middle of the I-band.
79.
The M-line is in the middle of the A-band.
80.
Each muscle fiber has at least 10 motor end plates.
81.
Cardiac muscle cells are multinucleated.
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
82.
Smooth muscle cells have no filaments.
83.
Smooth muscle fibers are typically arranged in sheets rather than bundles.
84.
85.
Smooth muscle fibers are typically arranged in bundles rather than sheets.
The largest (molecule size) muscle protein is actin.
86.
Thin filaments are composed of actin, troponin and tropomyosin.
87.
Each muscle fiber has one motor end plate.
88.
The muscle fibers of one motor unit will be in more than one fasciculus throughout a muscle.
89.
A thick filament is about 50µm in diameter.
90.
The muscle fibers of one motor unit will be in one fasciculus.
91.
Each thick filament is associated with six thin filaments.
92.
Each thick filament is associated with three thin filaments.
93.
Each thin filament is associated with three thick filaments.
94.
Each thin filament is associated with six thick filaments.
95.
An H-zone represents the part of an A-band where thick and thin filaments do not overlap.
96.
In muscle hypertrophy, the number of cells will increase.
97.
Muscle cells have the least degree of internal organization of all tissue types in the body.
98.
An axon ending does not physically contact a motor end plate.
99.
Actin and myosin can combine and then contract, even in an artificial laboratory situation.
BI-204 – Muscle Questions – Set 2
100.
A motor unit is the basic functional unit of a whole muscle.
101.
A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of a muscle cell.
102.
A sarcomere contains two groups (sets) of thin filaments.
103.
The largest muscle protein is myosin.
104.
105.
An M-line represents the part of an A-band where thick and thin filaments do not overlap.
In muscle hypertrophy, the number of fibrils will increase.
106.
A motor unit is the basic functional unit of a muscle cell.
107.
A motor axon and all of the muscle fibers it controls is a motor unit.
108.
In muscle hypertrophy the number of cells will increase.
109.
Thick filaments are held in place by the I-band.
110.
Terminal cisternae are on both sides of a T-tubule loop.
111.
A muscle contraction which results in no movement is termed indirect synergy.