Download periodic trends 14 - Reeths

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Section 14.2 Periodic Trends
Guided Reading Assignment
Directions: Read the assigned pages from our text book to fill in the blanks.
TRENDS IN ATOMIC SIZE (Page 400)
Group Trends
1. Atomic size generally ____________ as you move down a group of the periodic
table.
2. As you descend, electrons are added to successively higher ________________
____________________ ________________ and the nuclear charge increases.
3. The outermost orbital is ________________ as you move downward.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Periodic Trends
Atomic size generally _______________ as you move from left to right across a
period.
As you go across a period, the ______________ _____________ ___________
remains the same.
Each element has one more _____________ and one more ______________ than
the preceding element.
The electrons are added to the ____________ principal energy level.
The effect of the increasing nuclear charge on the outermost electrons is to
____________ ___________ ____________ to the nucleus.
Atomic size therefore ___________________.
TRENDS IN IONIZATION ENERGY (Page 401-403)
10. When an atom gains or loses an _______________, it becomes an ion.
11. The energy required to overcome the attraction of the nuclear charge and remove
an electron from a gaseous atom is called the _________________
_____________.
12. Removing one electron results in the formation of a positive ion with a
____________ charge.
13. The energy required to remove this first outmost electron is called the
_____________ _______________ ____________.
Group Trends
14. The first ionization energy generally ________________ as you move down a
group of the periodic table.
15. This is because the size of the atoms ____________ as you descend, so the
outermost electron is farther from the nucleus.
16. The outermost electron should be more _____________ ____________, and the
element should have a ______________ ionization energy.
Periodic Trends
17. For the representative elements, the first ionization energy generally
____________ as you move from left to right across a period.
18. The nuclear charge _______________ and the shielding effect is constant as you
move across.
19. A greater attraction of the nucleus for the electron leads to the ____________ in
the ionization energy.
TRENDS IN IONIC SIZE (Page 404)
Group Trends
20. Positive ions are always ______________ than the neutral atoms from which they
form.
21. This is because the loss of __________________ electrons results in increased
attraction by the nucleus for the fewer remaining electrons.
Periodic Trends
22. Going from left to right across a row, there is a gradual _______________ in the
size of positive ions.
23. Then beginning with Group 5A, the negative ions, which are much
_________________, gradually decrease in size as you continue to move right.
24. The ionic radii of both anions and cations _______________ as you go down
each group.
TRENDS IN ELECTRONEGATIVITY(Page 405)
25. The ___________________ of an element is the tendency for the atoms of the
element to attract electrons when they are chemically combined with atoms of
another element.
26. AS you can see, (from examining Table 14.2), electronegativity generally
____________________ as you move down a group.
27. As you go across a period from left to right, the electronegativity of the
representative elements __________________.
28. The metallic elements at the far left of the periodic table have ______________
electronegativities.
29. By contrast, the nonmetallic elements at the far right (excluding the noble gases)
have _____________ electronegativities..
30. The electronegativity of cesium, the least electronegative element, is
___________.
31. The electronegativity of fluorine, the most electronegative element, is
_____________.
32. Because fluorine has such a strong tendency to attract electrons, when it is
chemically bonded to any other element it either ___________the shared
electrons or forms a _____________ ion.
33. In contrast, cesium has the ______________ tendency to attract electrons.
34. It loses the electron ____________________ and forms a positive ion.