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divided l o ya l t i e s States, citizens faced tough choices as Civil War loomed By Jason Navarro, Educator, Wheaton High School, Wheaton, Mo. Primary Source Reactions to the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter varied greatly based on location. However, the attack consistently provoked strong feelings in Americans who heard about it. Here are two examples. “Great excitement among the people. More soldiers ordered to Charleston. In the evening heard the cars whistling and supposeing there something of importance to be heard, I started to the village. While on the road I heard the cannon firing & hurried on to learn what it all meant. When I got to the village I found it alive with people and was told that Fort Sumter was taken… This notorious little battle will have a tendency to bring out the other states, and show the Black Republicans that the South will fight.” – David G. Harris South Carolina farmer “Here begins the chapter of my journal, entitled WAR… This morning’s papers confirmed last night’s news… that the rebels opened fire at Sumter yesterday morning…. So Civil War is inaugurated at last. God defend the Right. The Northern backbone is much stiffened already. Many who stood up for “Southern rights” and complained of wrongs done the South now say that since the South has fired the first gun, they are ready to go all lengths in supporting the government.” Çritical Thinking 1. Why did many of the slave states secede when Abraham Lincoln was elected president? 2. In the primary source, David Harris referred to Lincoln’s party, the Republicans, as the “Black Republicans.” What do you think he meant by that? 3. For many states, it was an obvious choice whether to remain in the Union or join the Confederacy. Missouri, however, was different, and it took several battles before Missouri was secured for the Union. Why was this so? How was Missouri different from other states at the outbreak of the Civil War? Discuss as a class. The Progress of Secession Maine Minnesota Michigan Pennsylvania Iowa Illinois Indiana Ohio New Jersey Delaware Maryland Virginia Kansas (1861) Missouri Indian Territory Arkansas Kentucky Tennessee Miss. Union states North Carolina South Carolina Border slave states that did not secede Georgia States that seceded after the fall of Fort Sumter States that seceded before the fall of Fort Sumter Alabama Texas Florida Louisiana Vocabulary New York Wisconsin – George Templeton Strong New York Lawyer Vermont New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Place the letter of the vocabulary word on the line next to its definition. Write a sentence using each word. A. Fireaters _____1. Something of the utmost importance; more important than other considerations B. Intact _____2. Not supporting or assisting either side in a conflict C. Sympathizers _____3. To take away someone’s property as a penalty D. Coerce _____4. A law-making body E. Precarious _____5. To convince by intimidation or force F. Legislature _____6. Those who share the opinions of another group G. Ordinance _____7. Troops stationed in a town or fort to defend it H. Confiscate _____8. An order of law I. Secede _____9. Complete or whole; undamanged J. Garrison _____10. To formally withdraw from an organization K. Neutral _____11. Radicals who wanted their states to leave the union L. Priority _____11. Unstable or insecure; dangerous Word Associations There are many different words used to refer to the opposing sides of the Civil War. Read the words from the word bank. On the lines provided, write the words that are most closely associated with “North” and “South.” Federal Rebels United States Confederacy Union Yankees Fireeaters North South __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ This News In Education series was created by The Joplin Globe in partnership with the U.S. Department of Education Teaching American History Project. ______________________________________