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CHAPTER 34: Franklin D.
Roosevelt and the Shadow
of War
Hitler Plunges Europe into
War
• Winston Churchill becomes
Prime Minister in Great Britain
– Along with France, no more German
territorial demands would be tolerated
• August, 1939: Hitler signs a Non-Aggression Pact
with Stalin
– Neither would attack the other
– Divide Poland
• September, 1939: Hitler invades Poland
– Blitzkrieg (lightning war) tactics
– Great Britain and France declare war on Germany
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• British forces cross the English Channel to help
• The “phony war” begins then ends in April 1940
with German surprise
attacks in n. and w. Europe
• 338,000 British troops
have to evacuate at
Dunkirk
• June 1940 Paris falls to
the Nazis while Italy declares
war on Great Britain and France,
too (they form the Axis Powers)
– A French “puppet government” is
formed in Vichy which cooperated
with the Nazis
• Spring 1941: Britain stands alone
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Foch's Carriage
The original at the orders of Hitler was moved back to the November 11, 1918
location and used as the venue for executing the French surrender. The car was
then moved back to Germany and destroyed at the end of World War II. The
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present car is considered a very accurate replica of the original.
A Third Term for FDR?
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Americans Move Away from Isolationism
• Japan joins Germany and Italy in an alliance of
mutual support
– The Tripartite Pact signed in September 1940
– Now who would have to fight a two front war?
• Selective Service and Training Act (1940)
– 1st peacetime draft in American history
• Lend-Lease to Great Britain (lend, not sell, arms)
– The U.S. would become the “arsenal of democracy” and
“send guns, not sons” to Europe
• Atlantic Charter (FDR and Churchill)
– Promise not to use war to expand territory
– Reaffirm a belief in self-government
– A new “permanent system of general security” (U.N.)
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“Yesterday, December 7th,
a date which will live in
infamy…” - F.D.R.
• Japan had tried to establish
a “new order in East Asia”
• The U.S. responded with aid
to Japan’s enemies, blocking
exports (oil), freezing Japanese assets in U.S. banks
• At Pearl Harbor, 300 Japanese bombers and fighter
planes sank or damaged 18 American ships and
300 aircraft
• 2400 Americans killed, 1200 wounded
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Chapter 35:
America in World War II
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Women and World War II
(“Rosie the Riveter”)
• New opportunities because of
the demand for workers
• Still faced hostility in maledominated businesses
• Were expected to complete
their “domestic” duties
• WAC (Women’s Army Corps)
• WAVES (Women Accepted
for Volunteer Emergency
Service – Navy)
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Organizing the American Economy for War
• The War Production Board
– The goal: make America the “arsenal of democracy”
with conversions of industry
• Automakers would now make airplanes and tanks
• Other workers would retrain workers for wartime tasks
• G.D.P. (gross domestic product) rises rapidly
• The National War Labor Board manages union
leaders and business owners to settle disputes
• Government spending rises to new levels
– Taxes account for 45% (“withholding” is introduced)
– War bonds help in financing the war
• Office of Price Administration controls prices
thereby controlling inflation (too many $ chasing
too few goods)
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