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©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
1
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
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2
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
In nutrition you learned that carbohydrates are a source
of energy and they are commonly called sugars. In
biochemistry, sugars play another role besides being the
main energy source for metabolism via the process of
glycolysis – they can also combine with proteins to create
glycoprotein hormones that are essential for all mammal
reproduction or combine with lipids to create glycolipids
which make up parts of the phospholipid bilayer on the
plasma membrane.
If proteins are the molecular machinery of the cell, then
carbohydrates are the fuel that powers it.
Carbohydrates and sugars are the same thing and the
words can be used interchangeably when describing these molecules. Sugars are
what we use to create almost all of the ATP that powers our bodies. In fact, the
brain runs almost entirely on sugars!
When you compare an amino acid and a nucleic acid to a carbohydrate you will see
some differences and some similarities. The amino acid is not like a carbohydrate
at all because if you remember, the amino acid is made up of a carbon backbone
with a nitrogen at one end and oxygen at the other.
Nucleic acids don't have
anything in common with
carbohydrates either, but
the backbone of DNA is
made up of a sugarphosphate molecule. ATP is
also created using sugars as
connectors.
3
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Basic lipid structures do not have much in common with carbohydrates but
carbohydrates can combine with all the main metabolic macromolecules to create
new entities that have a completely different function.
The basic sugar structure comes in two forms; an open chain and a ring.
The open chain looks like this:
And the ring structure looks like this:
4
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Glucose is the most common carbohydrate in the body
and although it is easier to draw a glucose molecule in
the open chain configuration, this is really not the
most accurate representation as it is always in a ring
configuration when in an aqueous environment. This
is true for most other sugars as well.
Sugars can be divided into three main categories:
MONOSACCHARIDES: The word monosaccharide
comes from the Greek monos meaning, one, and
sacchar, meaning sugar. That is in fact what they are
– one sugar. This is the simplest form of carbohydrate.
DISACCHARIDES: are made up of two monosaccharide molecules connected
together by a glycosidic linkage.
POLYSACCHARIDES: are macromolecules that are hundreds, or even thousands, of
monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages.
You should not be a stranger to carbohydrates because you’ve known all along that
these molecules were important to life when you learned about photosynthesis.
You probably recall the reaction below:
A carbohydrate molecule is always the same and consists of a molecular formula
that has some combination of CH2O.
Some sugars have just a few CH2O molecules, while others can have many. Just as
amino acids have a familiar nitrogen, carbon, oxygen backbone; the carbohydrates
all have the CH2O structure in common.
The formula: Light + 6CO2 +6H2O  C6H12O6 + O2 contains the sugar glucose, which
again, should not be unfamiliar to you because glucose is what plants and animals
use to power their cells.
5
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides are made up of a single simple sugar molecule as pictured below.
Glucose is the most common monosaccharide and contains all the hallmarks of a
typical carbohydrate such as a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon except one,
which is instead attached to an oxygen by a double bond which forms a carbonyl
group.
A monosaccharide can come in two forms:
•
Aldose (aldehyde sugar)
•
Ketose (ketone sugar)
Which form they take depends on where the
carbonyl group is attached.
•
•
Glucose is an example of a aldehyde sugar
Fructose is an example of a ketone sugar
The number of carbons in the molecule is another
way to categorize sugars. This is called the “carbon
skeleton” and can range from three to seven
carbons. Sugars that have six carbons are called
hexose sugars, sugars with five carbons are called pentose sugars, and sugars with
three carbons are called triose sugars. Other forms are less common.
6
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
One final way to classify sugars is the arrangement of atoms – sometimes these
differences are very slight as in the case with glucose and galactose and
sometimes these differences result in mirror images of each other. When you
take organic chemistry or biochemistry you will learn more about these
differences.
The most important job for monosaccharides such as glucose is their role as
nutrients for cells. During cellular respiration cells are able to convert glucose
into the viable ATP energy molecule. Additionally, the carbon skeletons are also
used to make other macromolecules such as amino acids and fatty acids (lipids). If
the monosaccharides are not immediately used for metabolic processes, then they
will be incorporated into storage molecules or as components of disaccharides and
polysaccharides.
Disaccharides are two monosaccharide molecules connected together by a
glycosidic linkage. In protein synthesis the bond between two amino acids was
called a peptide bond – so basically the glycosidic linkage performs the same
function; to connect one sugar molecule to the next. Disaccharides can also be
called glycosides after the bond used to create them.
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By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
In order to understand how this connection occurs you must
first understand how the different atoms in the sugar ring
are arranged and identified. All the carbons in the ring are
numbered beginning with the carbon closest to the
carbonyl group and that carbon is called 1. Numbering of the
carbons continues down the “chain” (or in a clock-wise
direction on the ring) until the end is reached.
When creating a disaccharide the carbon 1 of the first sugar
bonds to the carbon 4 of the second sugar. This is called a 14 glycosidic linkage.
The end result is a new molecule that is linked by a common oxygen atom.
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By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Sucrose, which is the most common disaccharide, does not have a 1-4 linkage,
instead it has a 1-2 linkage. This is because fructose has a five sided ring instead
of a six sided ring and the carbon 1 begins in a different place.
If the monosaccharides are known for their contribution to nutrition and energy
metabolism, the polysaccharides are known for their exceptional structural
properties. Polysaccharides are polymers and polymers are repeating chains of
smaller molecules. Like disaccharides they are joined by a glycosidic linkage, but
unlike disaccharides, they can have hundreds or even thousands of monomers
connected together.
Polysaccharides can serve as storage molecules or structural molecules. One of the
most common polysaccharides is starch. You’ve probably heard of it in the context
of nutrition; most notably pasta! Starches are the polysaccharide storage
molecules of plants and are made up of amylose and amylopectin.
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By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Glycogen is another common polysaccharide. It is
used as a short term storage center and quick energy
delivery mechanism in the muscles and liver cells.
Glycogen can deliver quick short blurts of immediate
energy to your muscles when necessary – like when
you come upon a bear in the woods and need to make a
run for it! The bad thing about glycogen is that it
doesn't power the muscles for very long and it will
take about a day to replenish the storage of energy
you just used.
Both starch and glycogen are polysaccharides used
for storage, but cellulose is used for structure.
Cellulose is a major cell wall component of plants.
Cellulose is not digestible by humans, but herbivores
such as cows, deer, and horses have developed
specialized digestive systems that can break down
this rigid and tough polysaccharide and turn it into
energy. These animals are called ruminants, and although horses are not
technically ruminants, they do have a specialized compartment called the cecum
where enzymes that can break down cellulose are contained.
Starch and cellulose both use polysaccharides of glucose but the glycosidic
linkages are not the same; this seemingly minor difference is what makes one
suitable for energy storage and the other suitable for structure. Because the
linkages are different, the enzymes used in the digestion of starch cannot be used
in the digestion of cellulose. That’s why humans would starve if they only ate corn
cobs while cows could put on some weight.
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By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
One more interesting factoid about cellulose is that insects use a form of it to
create chitin; this is a major component of the exoskeleton of arthropods.
As mentioned previously, glucose is the molecule that the body uses to create the
ATP molecule. ATP is known as the currency of the cell and powers all vital
functions. The first step in creating ATP is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate,
this process is called glycolysis.
11
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Student Activities
Exercise One
Write the letter of the correct match next to each problem.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Carbohydrates
a. A lipid that contains one or more carbohydrate
groups.
Glycoproteins
b. Any of a group of organic compounds that
includes the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and
triglycerides.
Glycolipids
c. An adenosine-derived nucleotide that is used to
transport energy to cells for biochemical
processes.
ATP
d. A group of organic compounds that includes
sugars, starches and celluloses.
Amino Acid
e. Any of a group of conjugated proteins having a
carbohydrate as the nonprotein component.
Nucleic acid
f. Any of a group of complex compounds found in
all living cells and viruses, composed of purines,
pyrimidines, carbohydrates, and phosphoric acid.
Lipid
g. Relating to, similar to, containing, or dissolved in
water; watery.
Aqueous
h. Any of a large number of compounds found in
living cells that contain carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, and nitrogen, and join together to
form proteins.
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By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Exercise Two
Write the letter of the correct match next to each problem.
Monosaccharide
a. A covalent bond in which two electron pairs are
shared between two atoms.
Disaccharide
b. Any of several carbohydrates, such as
tetroses, pentoses, and hexoses, that cannot
be broken down to simpler sugars by
hydrolysis.
Polysaccharide
c. A type of covalent bond that joins a
carbohydrate molecule to another group, which
may or may not be another carbohydrate.
Glycosidic
linkage
d. The process in green plants and certain other
organisms by which carbohydrates are
synthesized from carbon dioxide and water
using light as an energy source.
5.
Photosynthesis
e. Any of a class of sugars, including lactose and
sucrose, that are composed of two
monosaccharides.
6.
Hydroxyl group
f. The -OH group on a molecule.
Carbonyl group
g. The -CO group on a molecule that has unpaired
electrons.
Double bond
h. Any of a class of carbohydrates, such as
starch and cellulose, consisting of a number of
monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds.
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
8.
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By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Exercise Three
Write the letter of the correct match next to each problem.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Aldose
a. The process of cell catabolism in which cells turn
food into usable energy in the form of ATP.
Ketose
b. A monosaccharide sugar, C6H12O6, occurring
widely in most plant and animal tissue. It is the
principal circulating sugar in the blood and the
major energy source of the body.
Glucose
c. Any of a class of simple sugars (monosaccharides)
containing a ketone group. Fructose is an example.
Fructose
d. A monosaccharide sugar found in honey, many
fruits, and some vegetables and is linked to
glucose to make sucrose.
Hexose
e. One of a group of monosaccharides that contain
three carbon atoms.
Pentose
f. Any of a class of simple sugars (monosaccharides)
containing an aldehyde group (CHO). Galactose,
glucose, and ribose are all examples.
Triose
g. Any of a class of monosaccharides having five
carbon atoms per molecule and including ribose
and several other sugars.
Cellular
respiration
h. Any of various simple sugars, such as glucose and
fructose, which have six carbon atoms per
molecule.
14
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Exercise Four
Write the letter of the correct match next to each problem.
Peptide
bond
a. A molecule that can combine with others of the same
kind to form a polymer.
Maltose
b. The chemical bond formed between the carboxyl
groups and amino groups of neighboring amino acids,
constituting the primary linkage of all protein
structures.
Sucrose
c. A polysaccharide composed of glucose units that
occurs widely in plant tissues and is made up of
amylose and amylopectin.
Polymer
d. Any of numerous natural and synthetic compounds of
usually high molecular weight consisting of up to
millions of repeated linked units, each a relatively
light and simple molecule.
5.
Monomer
e. A carbohydrate that is a polymer composed of
glucose units and that is the main component of the
cell walls of most plants.
6.
Starch
f. A disaccharide composed of fructose and glucose.
Cellulose
g. A disaccharide consisting of two linked glucose
molecules.
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
15
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Exercise Five
Write the letter of the correct match next to each problem.
Cell wall
a. A polysaccharide stored in animal liver and muscle
cells that is easily converted to glucose to meet
metabolic energy requirements.
Glycogen
b. Any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having
a stomach divided into four compartments in order
to digest and extract energy from cellulose.
Ruminants
c. A hard outer structure, such as the shell of an
insect or crustacean, that provides protection or
support for an organism.
Chitin
d. Jointed-foot invertebrates such as arachnids,
crustaceans, insects, millipedes, and centipedes.
Exoskeleton
e. - An ATP-generating metabolic process that occurs
in nearly all living cells in which glucose is
converted in a series of steps to pyruvate.
6.
Arthropods
f. A polysaccharide that is the principal component of
the exoskeletons of arthropods.
7.
Pyruvate
g. The end result of glycolysis.
8.
Glycolysis
h. The rigid outermost cell layer found in plants.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
16
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Exercise Six
Circle the HYDROXYL GROUPS only in these two carbohydrate molecules.
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By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Exercise Seven
Circle the CARBOXYL GROUPS only in these two carbohydrate molecules.
18
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Final Quiz
1.
What is the chemical bond formed between the carboxyl groups and amino
groups of neighboring amino acids, constituting the primary linkage of all
protein structures?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
What is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to
another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
Amino
Peptide
Lydolipic
Glycosidic
What are simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose, which have six carbon
atoms per molecule?
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
Amino
Peptide
Glycosidic
Acidic
Glycosides
Hexose
Pentose
Cellulose
What is the process in green plants and certain other organisms by which
carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as
an energy source?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Glycolysis
Glycogen
19
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
5.
What is a protein called when is has a carbohydrate hooked to it?
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.
Which carbohydrate is a polymer composed of glucose units and is the main
component of the cell walls of most plants?
a.
b.
c.
d.
7.
Hexose sugar
Monosaccharide
Both of these
None of these
Which types of organisms can digest cellulose?
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
Cellulose
Glycogen
Amylose
Starch
What kind of carbohydrate is glucose?
a.
b.
c.
d.
8.
Glycoprotein
Glyco acid
Amino acid
Glyconitro
Humans
Ruminants
All organisms
Cellulose is indigestible
What is the name of the structural carbohydrate that makes up the
exoskeleton in arthropods?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cellulose
Amylose
Chitin
Starch
20
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
10.
Which polysaccharide is composed of glucose units that occurs widely in
plant tissues and is made up of amylose and amylopectin?
a.
b.
c.
d.
11.
What is the process by which glucose is changed into pyruvate in cellular
respiration?
a.
b.
c.
d.
12.
Glycogen
Glycolysis
Cellular respiration
None of these
What is the name of a molecule that can combine with others of the same
kind to form a polymer?
a.
b.
c.
d.
13.
Starch
Cellulose
Chitin
Pyruvate
Monosaccharide
Monomer
Monolipid
None of these
What is the name of a group of monosaccharides which contain three carbon
atoms?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pentose
Hexose
Triose
None of these
21
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
14.
Which monosaccharide sugar is found in honey, many fruits, and some
vegetables and is linked to glucose to make sucrose?
a.
b.
c.
d.
15.
Galactose
Fructose
Glucose
Ribose
Which disaccharide is made up of two linked glucose molecules?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Maltose
Galactose
Fructose
Sucrose
22
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Parent Solutions
Exercise One
Write the letter of the correct match next to each problem.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
d
e
a
c
h
f
b
Carbohydrates
a. A lipid that contains one or more carbohydrate
groups.
Glycoproteins
b. Any of a group of organic compounds that
includes the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and
triglycerides.
Glycolipids
c. An adenosine-derived nucleotide that is used to
transport energy to cells for biochemical
processes.
ATP
d. A group of organic compounds that includes
sugars, starches and celluloses.
Amino Acid
e. Any of a group of conjugated proteins having a
carbohydrate as the nonprotein component.
Nucleic acid
f. Any of a group of complex compounds found in
all living cells and viruses, composed of purines,
pyrimidines, carbohydrates, and phosphoric acid.
Lipid
g. Relating to, similar to, containing, or dissolved in
water; watery.
Aqueous
h. Any of a large number of compounds found in
living cells that contain carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, and nitrogen, and join together to
form proteins.
g
8.
23
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Exercise Two
Write the letter of the correct match next to each problem.
1.
b
Monosaccharide
a. A covalent bond in which two electron pairs are
shared between two atoms.
Disaccharide
b. Any of several carbohydrates, such as
tetroses, pentoses, and hexoses, that cannot
be broken down to simpler sugars by
hydrolysis.
Polysaccharide
c. A type of covalent bond that joins a
carbohydrate molecule to another group, which
may or may not be another carbohydrate.
Glycosidic
linkage
d. The process in green plants and certain other
organisms by which carbohydrates are
synthesized from carbon dioxide and water
using light as an energy source.
Photosynthesis
e. Any of a class of sugars, including lactose and
sucrose, that are composed of two
monosaccharides.
Hydroxyl group
f. The -OH group on a molecule.
Carbonyl group
g. The -CO group on a molecule that has unpaired
electrons.
Double bond
h. Any of a class of carbohydrates, such as
starch and cellulose, consisting of a number of
monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds.
e
2.
3.
h
c
4.
5.
d
6. f
7.
8.
g
a
24
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Exercise Three
Write the letter of the correct match next to each problem.
1.
f
Aldose
a. The process of cell catabolism in which cells turn
food into usable energy in the form of ATP.
Ketose
b. A monosaccharide sugar, C6H12O6, occurring
widely in most plant and animal tissue. It is the
principal circulating sugar in the blood and the
major energy source of the body.
Glucose
c. Any of a class of simple sugars (monosaccharides)
containing a ketone group. Fructose is an example.
Fructose
d. A monosaccharide sugar found in honey, many
fruits, and some vegetables and is linked to
glucose to make sucrose.
Hexose
e. One of a group of monosaccharides that contain
three carbon atoms.
Pentose
f. Any of a class of simple sugars (monosaccharides)
containing an aldehyde group (CHO). Galactose,
glucose, and ribose are all examples.
Triose
g. Any of a class of monosaccharides having five
carbon atoms per molecule and including ribose
and several other sugars.
Cellular
respiration
h. Any of various simple sugars, such as glucose and
fructose, which have six carbon atoms per
molecule.
c
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
b
d
h
g
e
a
25
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Exercise Four
Write the letter of the correct match next to each problem.
1.
b
Peptide
bond
a. A molecule that can combine with others of the same
kind to form a polymer.
Maltose
b. The chemical bond formed between the carboxyl
groups and amino groups of neighboring amino acids,
constituting the primary linkage of all protein
structures.
Sucrose
c. A polysaccharide composed of glucose units that
occurs widely in plant tissues and is made up of
amylose and amylopectin.
Polymer
d. Any of numerous natural and synthetic compounds of
usually high molecular weight consisting of up to
millions of repeated linked units, each a relatively
light and simple molecule.
Monomer
e. A carbohydrate that is a polymer composed of
glucose units and that is the main component of the
cell walls of most plants.
Starch
f. A disaccharide composed of fructose and glucose.
Cellulose
g. A disaccharide consisting of two linked glucose
molecules.
g
2.
3.
f
d
4.
5.
a
6. c
7.
e
26
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Exercise Five
Write the letter of the correct match next to each problem.
Cell wall
a. A polysaccharide stored in animal liver and muscle
cells that is easily converted to glucose to meet
metabolic energy requirements.
Glycogen
b. Any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having
a stomach divided into four compartments in order
to digest and extract energy from cellulose.
Ruminants
c. A hard outer structure, such as the shell of an
insect or crustacean, that provides protection or
support for an organism.
Chitin
d. Jointed-foot invertebrates such as arachnids,
crustaceans, insects, millipedes, and centipedes.
Exoskeleton
e. - An ATP-generating metabolic process that occurs
in nearly all living cells in which glucose is
converted in a series of steps to pyruvate.
Arthropods
f. A polysaccharide that is the principal component of
the exoskeletons of arthropods.
7. g
Pyruvate
g. The end result of glycolysis.
8. e
Glycolysis
h. The rigid outermost cell layer found in plants.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
h
a
b
f
c
d
27
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Exercise Six
Exercise Seven
28
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
Final Quiz
1.
What is the chemical bond formed between the carboxyl groups and amino
groups of neighboring amino acids, constituting the primary linkage of all
protein structures?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
What is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to
another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
Amino
Peptide
Lydolipic
Glycosidic
What are simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose, which have six carbon
atoms per molecule?
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
Amino
Peptide
Glycosidic
Acidic
Glycosides
Hexose
Pentose
Cellulose
What is the process in green plants and certain other organisms by which
carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as
an energy source?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Glycolysis
Glycogen
29
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
5.
What is a protein called when is has a carbohydrate hooked to it?
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.
Which carbohydrate is a polymer composed of glucose units and is the main
component of the cell walls of most plants?
a.
b.
c.
d.
7.
Hexose sugar
Monosaccharide
Both of these
None of these
Which types of organisms can digest cellulose?
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
Cellulose
Glycogen
Amylose
Starch
What kind of carbohydrate is glucose?
a.
b.
c.
d.
8.
Glycoprotein
Glyco acid
Amino acid
Glyconitro
Humans
Ruminants
All organisms
Cellulose is indigestible
What is the name of the structural carbohydrate that makes up the
exoskeleton in arthropods?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cellulose
Amylose
Chitin
Starch
30
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
10.
Which polysaccharide is composed of glucose units that occurs widely in
plant tissues and is made up of amylose and amylopectin?
a.
b.
c.
d.
11.
What is the process by which glucose is changed into pyruvate in cellular
respiration?
a.
b.
c.
d.
12.
Glycogen
Glycolysis
Cellular respiration
None of these
What is the name of a molecule that can combine with others of the same
kind to form a polymer?
a.
b.
c.
d.
13.
Starch
Cellulose
Chitin
Pyruvate
Monosaccharide
Monomer
Monolipid
None of these
What is the name of a group of monosaccharides which contain three carbon
atoms?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pentose
Hexose
Triose
None of these
31
By J. Anne Huss
©2011 The Simple Homeschool – Simple Days Unit Studies – Carbohydrates
14.
Which monosaccharide sugar is found in honey, many fruits, and some
vegetables and is linked to glucose to make sucrose?
a.
b.
c.
d.
15.
Galactose
Fructose
Glucose
Ribose
Which disaccharide is made up of two linked glucose molecules?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Maltose
Galactose
Fructose
Sucrose
32
By J. Anne Huss